7177 results about "Water area" patented technology

A method and apparatus for managing a recreational water area. A recreational water area management system comprises a water area manager. The water area manager is configured to receive information about a recreational water area from a group of autonomous vehicles, analyze the information to identify an event, and coordinate the group of autonomous vehicles to perform a mission in the recreational water area based on the event.

A remote-control self-navigation water quality sampling and analyzing device belongs to the field of water quality monitoring, sampling and analyzing system integration in environmental protection, and in particular relates to self-navigation running and water quality sampling and analyzing detection technology. The device comprises a carrier [1], a wireless communication module [2], a sampling and analyzing module [3], an environmental sensor module [4], a remote monitoring platform [5], a self-navigation system [6], a control module [7], and the like. The device has the characteristics of remote monitoring, automatic acquisition, sample dividing storage, automatic record of related information and the like in the overall process of sampling water quality, and simultaneously has the advantage of quick and accurate acquisition of time and spacial information; and the water quality analyzing module of the device can acquire partial water quality analyzing results in the first time, so the device can greatly improve the accuracy, authenticity, timeliness, intellectuality and monitoring efficiency of water quality field sampling, can reduce sampling risk and cost, and has significance on water area water quality monitoring.

The invention provides a method for monitoring hydrology and water quality of a river basin under influence of water projects based on Internet of Things. According to the method, various fixed and flowing sensors are additionally mounted so as to obtain real-time hydrology and water quality data of important water areas, in combination with a video technology, monitoring on a spot environment is achieved, the monitoring information is transmitted through the Internet of Things, intelligent prediction for hydrology and water quality of the river basin is carried out through a neural network, and finally, critical applications, such as current situation assessment, tendency estimation, implementation effect estimation and extreme event handling, are achieved through an expert system. The method provided by the invention can provide real-time, reliable and complete hydrology and water quality information for the river basin under influence of water projects, and can achieve cross-regional and multi-machine type integrated remote protection for the river basin.

A biologic deodoring and cleaning agent for treating the refuse to prepare fertilizer and cleaning and activating water area contains high-safety yeast, lactobacillus, nitrogen-fixing bacteria, functional bacillus, and photosynthetic bacteria.

The invention discloses an unmanned-device-based water quality patrolling, contaminant originating system and a method thereof, wherein the system comprises an unmanned plane, an unmanned ship and a shore-based monitoring system. The unmanned ship carrying a water quality detection device is capable of performing on-line detection of water quality across a water area at which the unmanned ship is located. The unmanned ship carries a small-sized unmanned plane, and a ship body thereof provides docking and charging device for the unmanned plane, thereby achieving a wide patrolling range of the unmanned plane. Both the unmanned ship and the unmanned plane are equipped with an HD (High-Definition) video monitoring system for separately achieving a water surface patrolling function. The invention provides a brand new water quality monitoring approaches by means of carrying theunmanned plane on the unmanned ship for patrolling a polluted water area in a space formula manner. A combination of the unmanned plane and the unmanned ship uses a characteristic of a wide view of the unmanned plane, to further achieve tracking of a pollution source, and also better compensates for defects of separate patrol of the unmanned ship or unmanned plane, thereby facilitating high efficiency and precision of water quality monitoring, and improving informationalized level of water quality monitoring.

The invention discloses an underwater object precision positioning system and a method. The system comprises a mother ship, a computer with a plurality of serial ports, a desk computer, an ultra short base line positioning system, a differential GPS (global positioning system), a compass, an ROV (remote-operated vehicle) system, a forward-looking sonar camera, a low-illuminance black and white video camera, an attitude indicator and a temperature-salinity depth profiling instrument. A shore-based transceiver, an ROV water surface system unit and the like of the ultra-short base line positioning system are carried by the mother ship, and underwater system units such as a transponder of the ultra-short base line positioning system, the forward-looking sonar camera and the like are carried by an ROV submersible vehicle, so that the underwater object precision positioning system is formed. By the aid of acoustic positioning between the shore-based transceiver and the transponder of the ultra-short base line positioning system and acoustic positioning of forward-looking sonar, the shortcoming that an existing underwater GPS positioning system only can position an object carried with anacoustic response device in a water area is overcome, and longitude and latitude coordinates of an optional unknown object in an optional water area can be positioned in a WGS (world geodetic system)84 ellipsoidal coordinate system in real time.

The invention provides a take-off and landing system for an unmanned ship-borne unmanned aerial vehicle, which exerts good stability and can effectively solve a problem that the unmanned aerial vehicle cannot safely take off and land on a bumpy unmanned ship. The take-off and landing system for the unmanned ship-borne unmanned aerial vehicle, provided by the invention, comprises a take-off and landing fixing device, a take-off and landing hanging device and a take-off and landing control device, wherein the take-off and landing fixing device is arranged on the unmanned ship; the take-off and landing hanging device is arranged on the unmanned aerial vehicle; the unmanned aerial vehicle takes off from and lands on the unmanned ship through use of the take-off and landing control device to control coordination between the take-off and landing fixing device and the take-off and landing hanging device; and the take-off and landing control device comprises a take-off and landing process monitoring camera, a meteorological monitoring module, a ship body posture monitoring module, a wireless communication module and a remote control terminal. The take-off and landing system for the unmanned ship-borne unmanned aerial vehicle, provided by the invention, can be applied to the technical field of safety of water area operation equipment.

A running tool 10, a lockdown sleeve 27, and a seal ring 24 are provided for axially fixing upward movement of a tubular hanger with respect to a subsea wellhead. The running tool 10 includes a tool latching and unlatching mechanism 51 for axially connecting the running tool to the subsea wellhead housing, a tool force applicator 64 for exerting a downward setting force, and a sleeve latching mechanism 73 for securing the lockdown sleeve to the subsea wellhead housing 20. The seal 24 is provided between the lockdown sleeve and one of the tubular hanger and the wellhead housing. The method of the invention includes running the tool and sleeve in open water to the subsea wellhead housing, locking the tool to the housing, setting the seal, locking the sleeve to the housing, then retrieving the tool in open water.

This invention relates to a corrosion-resistance and blocking-resistance supercritical water oxidation reactor. It is composed of: a casing, a water inlet, a jacketed supporting ring and a spring ring, an annular water entrance and a water dash plate, inner cylinder of the reactor, raw material feeder, nozzle, an outlet of reactant and multi-point optical fiber online thermo-detector. In said reactor, there are a process water jacket area, supercritical water oxidation area, a sub-critical water area for dissolving inorganic salts on the bottom of the inner cylinder of the reactor. The process water jacket area is divided into two or more than two layer area by the supporting ring and the spring ring. The water, after removing oxygen and removing salts, passes through porous-wall structure enters the reaction area and forming a protective water membrance over the inner wall of the reactor. The temperature sensor and optical fiber are placed in a sleeve which is placed near the central line of the reactor. Advantages are: easy to be maintained, safety operation.

The invention discloses a mixed type underwater navigation detector which comprises a bow compartment, a main chamber, an electronic control chamber and a peak tank which are coaxially and sequentially connected, wherein the bow compartment and the peak tank are communicated with an outside water area; the main chamber and the electronic control chamber are sealing chambers; two wings are symmetrically installed at a connection position of the main chamber and the electronic control chamber; a sonar height gauge and an acoustic transceiver are installed in the bow compartment; a non-contact electric energy and signal transmission assembly is sleeved outside the main chamber; a gesture adjustment system and a buoyancy adjustment system are installed in the main chamber; the buoyancy adjustment system is installed on the front portion of the main chamber; buoyancy is adjusted through movement of a piston; two sides of the piston are isolated and sealed through rolling membranes; electronic equipment for controlling an aircraft is installed in the electronic control chamber; and a propeller propelling system and a steering control system are fixed on the peak tank. The mixed type underwater navigation detector has characteristics of underwater gliders and autonomous underwater vehicles, and can be abutted with an underwater connection platform to conduct non-contact charging and data transmission, so that continuous operational capability and applied range of underwater aircrafts can be increased.

The invention discloses a remote feeding system for aquaculture. The remote feeding system comprises power equipment, air supply equipment, feeding equipment, delivery equipment and spreading equipment, wherein the power equipment is connected with the other equipment, and provides a power energy source for the other equipment; a compression fan of the air supply equipment generates high-pressure airflows, and is automatically started and stopped at specific time points to ensure that the pressure of delivery pipelines is maintained within a safety range; a distributor sliding joint of the delivery equipment is automatically switched among different pipelines under the coordination of a proximity switch to feed feeds to a specific feeding water area through different pipelines; and after blown out of the delivery equipment, mixed baits are delivered to the spreading equipment through the delivery pipelines, and the airflows mixed with the baits are spread to target water bodies through the spreading equipment. The system can feed a plurality of target water bodies at a set time in a fixed amount, so as to improve feeding efficiency and save feeding cost.

The invention discloses a method for forecasting blue-green algae water bloom in a large-scale shallow lake within 72 hours. The method comprises the following steps of: building a content forecasting model of chlorophyll a in a water body and a probability forecasting model of water bloom generation according to an in-situ growth rate and drift rate parameters of blue-green algae; analyzing instant content of the chlorophyll a in a monitoring water area; distributing and acquiring meteorological information data in a monitoring period; inputting the built models; and outputting a predicted value of the concentration of the chlorophyll a in the monitoring water area in the next 72 hours and the water area and the probability of water bloom generation. The method disclosed by the invention has the advantages of strong operability, easily acquired parameters used for forecasting and high timeliness, and can be used for rapidly and accurately predicting breakout of the blue-green algae water bloom and forecasting the blue-green algae water bloom in a waterhead site and a vital landscape water area.

The invention discloses a wastewater evaporation concentration process and a wastewater evaporation concentration device system. The process comprises the following steps of: delivering softened wastewater to be treated to a mechanical vapor recompression (MVR) system to perform evaporation and concentration, compressing the generated secondary steam and then delivering the compressed steam to an evaporator to recycle, delivering the concentrate to a triple-effect mixed flow forced circulating evaporation crystallization system to perform evaporation and crystallization, performing solid-liquid centrifugal separation on the crystallized concentrate and crystal grains, returning the separated mother solution to a stock solution tank or continuously performing evaporation and crystallization, and reclaiming the separated crystal, wherein the secondary steam generated by evaporation and crystallization is recycled for the evaporation crystallization system. After the wastewater is evaporated and concentrated by adopting the process of mechanical vapor recompression circulating evaporation and triple-effect mixed flow forced circulating evaporation crystallization, the wastewater does not need to be discharged to the ground water area, and the wastewater is discharged in a form of steam or closed and embedded in a form of sludge or the like, so the purpose of zero discharge of the wastewater can be fulfilled; and the process system has high heat efficiency, low energy consumption, energy conservation, great reduction in running cost, low temperature difference, low corrosion, difficult scale formation and long equipment service life.

The invention discloses a river crab integrated culture method in ponds. The river crab integrated culture method in the ponds comprises the following steps of preparing the ponds; equipping the ponds with escape-proof facilities, water inlet and drainage facilities and bottom aeration facilities; breeding snails, river crabs, freshwater shrimps, dark sleepers and Aristichthysnobilis; planting aquatic plants; feeding feedstuff; managing water quality and sloughing. According to the river crab integrated culture method in the ponds, the ecological layout is adjusted, the self-purifying capacity of the ponds is improved, the pressure exerted on creatures by eutrophication of a water environment and the ponds can be released, the ecological balance and the stabilization of the water quality can be kept, and accordingly the disease incidence are reduced and the foundation for achieving high and stable yields is laid; meanwhile, existing culture facilities are fully taken advantages of, the comprehensive productivity of the ponds is improved, and accordingly the overall economic benefits are improved. The river crab integrated culture method in the ponds is beneficial to utilizing solar energy and the feedstuff to the utmost, preventing diseases and improving the capacity of resisting natural and market risks. Through the embodiment of the river crab integrated culture method in the ponds, the disease incidence of the crabs cultured in the ponds can be reduced, and the culture loss and culture risks can be reduced. The predicted comprehensive benefits of the culture can be improved, and meanwhile the pollution of the ecological environment of a water area caused by the culture can be reduced.

The invention mainly discloses a river way multipoint water quality monitoring apparatus and a monitoring method therefor. The monitoring apparatus includes a monitoring body, a power apparatus and water collectors. A solar cell panel, a storage battery and a protective cover are disposed on the top surface of the monitoring body. At least three water collectors are disposed under the monitoring body through telescopic rods. A water storage chamber is arranged in each water collector. A water collection port is arranged on the bottom of each water collector and is provided with a sealed cover. A sampling tube is disposed in each telescopic rod. A detection chamber provided with a detection head and a wireless communication module are arranged in the monitoring body. One end of the sampling tube is connected to the water storage chamber. The other end of the sampling tube is connected to a splitting pipe through an electromagnetic valve. The splitting pipes are connected to the detection chamber. The monitoring apparatus is used for performing multipoint auto-monitoring to a to-be-detected water area for a long time instead of manual work. The monitoring apparatus is environment-friendly and economical, has sufficient energy and has wide detection range, can detect multiple water points at the same time and can get many detection data. Water collection and detection are separated into two independent parts, so that damage on the detection head due to aquatic animals is avoided, quality and service life of the monitoring apparatus are improved, and detection accuracy is increased.

A lake wetland flood remote sensing monitoring method based on a model comprises the steps that: (1) the lake wetland time series multi-source remote sensing image data is acquired; (2) the water body in the remote sensing image is (semi-) automatically extracted; (3) the boundary is detected and confirmed between the water and the land, and the practical water area is calculated; (4) the data of the water area and the water level estimated by the remote sensing is carried out nonlinear statistic to modeling; (5) the acquired micro wave remote sensing image in the flood period is used, the established model is compared and validated, and the model is corrected; (6) based on the established high accuracy water area water level area distribution math model and the common remote sensing change monitoring method, the practical measured water level is combined with the acquired remote sensing image, the continuous real time monitoring to the wetland flood dynamic change is achieved. The invention can be compensated each other with a common earth surface environment change multi-time phase remote sensing image measurement method, and the invention has the important roles to the dynamic change monitoring of the wetland flood and the wetland process modeling research.

The invention relates to a biologic water quality monitoring system for perceiving fish behaviors based on vision, comprising a transparent aquarium for containing fishes, cameras for monitoring fish behaviors, video capture cards and a water quality monitoring center, wherein the aquarium is positioned in the visual ranges of the cameras; all cameras are in data communication link with the waterquality monitoring center by the video capture cards; and the water quality monitoring center comprises an image capture module, an image processing module, a target tracking module and a fish behavior data analysis module. The fish behavior data analysis module comprises a data modeling part and a data matching part, obtains data of image frame sequence of a water area to be analyzed and substitutes the data into model formals (6) and (7) for matching. If the difference between a present calculated value and a normal action value is in the range of a default threshold, the fact represents that the fish behaviors are normal and judges that water quality conditions are good. If the difference is beyond the range of the default threshold, the fact judges that the water is polluted. The biologic water quality monitoring system reduces cost, is suitable for large-scale application and has good practicality.

A buoy system for observing and monitoring the surface of a large predetermined area of water including a flotation device; a waterproof imaging device attached to the exterior of the flotation device, the imaging device operable for obtaining continuous real-time images of the surface of the predetermined area of water; a waterproof computer partially or wholly disposed within the flotation device, the computer operable for storing the continuous real-time images of the surface of the predetermined area of water; and one or more communications devices partially or wholly disposed within the flotation device, the one or more communications devices operable for transmitting a signal representing the continuous real-time images of the surface of the predetermined area of water to an operator at a remote location.

The invention relates to a preparation method and an application of an ultra-hydrophobic and ultra-lipophilic paper-based separating material. The preparation method comprises that: (1) a sol solution of silicon dioxide nano-particles with a particle size of 24 to 36nm is prepared with existing technologies; (2) the solution is modified with a silanizing reagent; (3) a piece of filter paper is immersed in the modified nano-particle solution for 10 to 20 seconds, and is naturally dried, such that an ultra-hydrophobic and ultra-lipophilic paper-based separating material is obtained. The surfaceof the material possesses micron-sized apertures. The contact angle between the separating material and the water surface is larger than 150 DEG. The material has a good ultra-hydrophobic performance, and is acid resistant and organic solvent resistant. The material can be used repeatedly, and can be used for absorbing oil stains floated on water surfaces. The material brings an excellent separating effect to oil-water mixtures, especially oil-water emulsion with high viscosity, and has wide application prospect in industrial oil-water separation and water area oil stain cleaning. According to the present invention, the preparation technology is simple, the requirement for equipment is low, the preparation condition is not restricted by region differences, and mass industrial production can be realized easily.

Microtiter-like plates containing virtual wells formed by an arrangement of relatively hydrophilic domains within relatively hydrophobic fields are provided. Assay mixtures are confined to the hydrophilic domains of the virtual wells by the edges of the hydrophobic fields. The use of virtual wells allows one to perform homogeneous and capture and wash high throughput screening assays with assay mixtures having volumes on the order of about 100 nl to 10 mu. Virtual wells also provide a means of easily moving fluids, which is particularly useful for simultaneous additions needed for kinetic studies and flash detection and washing. Methods for controlling evaporation during the dispensing of reagents as well as during incubation of high throughput screening utilizing microtiter-like plates containing virtual wells are also provided. The present invention also provides an inexpensive, disposable device for transferring small volumes of an entire array of compounds from a first microtiter-like plate to a second microtiter-like plate, preserving the spatial arrangement of the compounds. Methods of manufacturing and using the device are also provided.

The invention relates to a CPG (Certified Program Generator) feedback control method of biomimetic robot fish movement, comprising the following steps of: providing a CPG feedback control model for receiving feedback signals by using different parts of a high-level control module, a CPG, a motor neuron, and the like; receiving biomimetic robot fish body state information and water environment information by the high-level control module; transmitting a corresponding command by treating the information and making a decision; and selecting a corresponding movement moulding plate to determine a suitable CPG configuration, wherein the suitable CPG configuration is used for controlling the parts of the biomimetic robot fish body to carry out rhythmic movement and non-rhythmic movement. The invention provides a reference for the feedback control theoretical design of the biomimetic robot fish movement and can realize mobile, flexible and independent autokinetic movement.

The invention relates to the technical field of water environment ecological restoration, in particular to a system for restoring bio-ecological environment of a micro-polluted riverway, wherein a biological contact oxidation module adopts elastic three-dimensional packing or combined packing, the riverway coastal area is provided with emergent aquatic plant floating floors or floating plant floating floors, the upstream and the downstream of the riverway are provided with floating plant purification zones, and the water surface coverage of the floating floors is between 15 and 20 percent; both coasts of the riverway are plated with emergent aquatic plants and the water surface is planted with floating plants, and water areas with more than two times of transparency are plated with submerged vegetations; and sloping fields on both sides of the riverway are planted with un-germinated poplar or willow branches through cottage; and simultaneously, the poplar or willow branches are embedded into sloping banks shallowly and horizontally according to contours in a mode of being bundled up into a bunch of fascines at different positions of the sloping fields. Compared with the prior art, for the ecological restoration and construction, the system achieves self-purification, self-regulation and self-sustaining of pollutants within certain concentration range, and is an effective path for improving water quality under the condition that basin-wide pollutant cutoff cannot be performed at present.

The invention relates to the technical field of ecological restoration of water environment, and especially relates to a biological and ecological restoration system of eutrophic rivers and lakes. Ecological floating beds are laid along a bank, the water surface coverage rate of the floating beds is 15-20%, and each of the floating beds consists of a floating plate, planting baskets, a planting basket filler, floating bed plants, a nylon net, immobilized microorganism particles, a biological filler and artificial waterweeds. The planting baskets are placed in the planting basket holes of the floating plate, the planting basket filler is arranged in the planting baskets, the floating bed plants are planted in the planting basket filler, the nylon net suspends below the floating plate, the immobilized microorganism particles suspend between plant roots, the biological filler suspends below the nylon net, the artificial waterweeds are planted at the water bottom, and submerged plants are properly planted in a water area with two times in the transparency. The system has the advantages of simple and economic carrier, high strength, good durability, reliable planting, natural water ecological landscape, and engineering water quality improvement; and compared with systems in the prior art, the system focuses on the ecological restoration and construction of river and lake water, realizes the self purification, self regulation and self maintenance of pollutants in a certain concentration range, and is an effective way to improve the water quality without all-basin pollutant interception at the present stage.

The invention discloses a target tracking system and a target tracking method for an underwater sensor network. The target tracking system comprises a land network and a water area network, wherein the water area network comprises multiple underwater target tracking clusters and a water surface treatment center; and the underwater target tracking clusters comprise multiple underwater sensor nodes and a cluster head node. A target state is tracked in combination with an adaptive UKF (Unscented Kalman Filter) and a PF (Particle Filter) on the basis of correcting signal acquisition time delays of the sensor nodes. The tracking error caused by different sources of signals acquired by the sensor nodes at the same moment is reduced by correcting the time delays, so that a target can be more reliably tracked; and the adaptive UFK automatically adjusts a system noise weighing coefficient according to target maneuvering situation to more properly describe a practical target motion state, so that the shortcoming of inaccuracy of target maneuvering of a target motion model is overcome, an important function with more posteriori information is provided for the particle filter, the particle degeneracy is reduced, and the tracking precision is improved.

The invention relates to a special additive for an underwater undispersed shrinking-free grouting material, which consists of flocculant, early strength agent, water reducing agent, air-entraining agent and active admixture and is prepared from the following raw materials by weight: 4 to 9 percent of the flocculant, 15 to 32 percent of the water reducing agent, 9 to 25 percent of expansion agent, 8 to 30 percent of the early strength agent, 0.04 to 0.7 percent of the air-entraining agent, and 18 to 35 percent of the active admixture. The special additive for the underwater undispersed shrinking-free grouting material can maintain the large fluidity and the micro expansibility of the grouting material, ensure the underwater direct grouting construction without dispersion and segregation, simplify an underwater sealing repairing process, save labor force and avoid environmental pollution to the nearby water area, and has good development prospect.

Pipe used in drilling and / or completing wells is stored in long rectilinear segments or strings in the space adjacent a drilling rig being used to construct a well. The pipe is introduced into the well, or extracted from the well, in long segments made up of multiple individual pipe sections. In one embodiment, long rectilinear segments of pipe are bent into a curve that extends from the rig to the space surrounding the rig, where the pipe re-assumes its rectilinear shape. The curve radius is greater than the pipe's yielding bending radius. On a water-based rig, the pipe is received in the water surrounding the rig where it may be stored, tested, inspected, reassembled, treated, and / or otherwise processed. The pipe may be received within a long pipe storage sleeve that is buoyed laterally at or below the water surface or it may be secured to a guy line anchored between the rig and the water bottom. In deepwater applications, long sections of the pipe are stored vertically in the water area between the surface drilling rig and the water bottom. The pipe may also be stored within vertically oriented storage sleeves. In a modified form of the invention, the long pipe sections are moved laterally for storage in the area between the rig and the water bottom without being first pulled to the water surface. The bottom of each stored section is made up or broken out at the subsea wellhead. The pipe section may also be stored within the riser.

The invention discloses a fresh water scale pond ecological breeding system. The system comprises five parts, namely a breeding pond, a pond water normal-position distributed treatment part, a pond discharge water abnormal-position centralized treatment part, a backwater function recovery treatment part and a pond water quality compensation treatment part. Breeding water aquatic ecology, pond breading and an aquaculture engineering technology are integrated organically; and pond microcirculation is formed through absorption, decomposition and nitrification functions of microorganisms, algae and the aquatic plants, particularly continuous removal of aquatic plants with growth and intermittent water supply, so that the utilization rate of pond eutrophic substances is improved, and breeding backwater is restored. The system has the remarkable effects of water saving and emission reduction and provides the high-efficiency pond ecological breeding system which is novel in process and is high in operability and economic and practical and has a unique structure for fishery industrialization and scale production.

A method for generation of gasses contained in a salt solution in accomplished by disposing automated, floating wave power collection vessels in waters distant from shore, the vessels navigating within one or more predetermined geographic zones, having suitable wave conditions for such operation. The wave power devices generating electricity and the gasses are extracted from the salt solution by electrolysis. Automated storage vessels are used as shuttles to deliver the gasses to shore facilities.

The invention provides an SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar) image based automatic water area detection method. The SAR image based automatic water area detection method comprises the following steps of a first step, performing de-noising processing on an SAR image; a second step, computing the gradient of an input image through an edge detection operator and obtaining a gradient image of the SAR image; a third step, improving the contrast ratio of the SAR image through a contrast ratio stretching conversion algorithm; a fourth step, achieving secondary self-adaption threshold segmentation through a double-peak iterative method and obtaining two binary image; a fifth step, performing post processing on the binary image obtained in the fourth step through morphology and obtaining a crude extracting target candidate area; a sixth step, removing false alarm, marking the target candidate area extracted from the fifth step, performing statistics of the area of every connecting dark spot, setting an area threshold value according to the resolution ratio of the SAR image, removing the dark spots with the area less than the preset area and marking extracted water areas in an original drawing.