179 results about "Shallow lake" patented technology

The invention discloses a method for forecasting blue-green algae water bloom in a large-scale shallow lake within 72 hours. The method comprises the following steps of: building a content forecasting model of chlorophyll a in a water body and a probability forecasting model of water bloom generation according to an in-situ growth rate and drift rate parameters of blue-green algae; analyzing instant content of the chlorophyll a in a monitoring water area; distributing and acquiring meteorological information data in a monitoring period; inputting the built models; and outputting a predicted value of the concentration of the chlorophyll a in the monitoring water area in the next 72 hours and the water area and the probability of water bloom generation. The method disclosed by the invention has the advantages of strong operability, easily acquired parameters used for forecasting and high timeliness, and can be used for rapidly and accurately predicting breakout of the blue-green algae water bloom and forecasting the blue-green algae water bloom in a waterhead site and a vital landscape water area.

The invention discloses a high-precision monitoring method for cyanobacterial blooms in a large shallow lake through an MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) and a satellite. The high-precision monitoring method is characterized by comprising the following steps: screening recognition indexes of the cyanobacterial blooms (short for algal blooms) which are insensitive to the type and thickness of an atmospheric aerosol; combining the synchronous MODIS, LandsatTM/ETM and satellite image in 2000-2013 year and a gradient analysis result of land and water information to obtain a pure pixel index threshold value of the algal blooms; precisely calculating the area of the algal blooms in a mixed pixel (part of pixels covered by the algal blooms) of the algal blooms by using a pixel growth algorithm (APA); and furthermore, estimating the actual area of the algal blooms in the total water area of the lake and the areal distribution of the algal blooms. The high-precision monitoring method can be used for precisely obtaining the spatial and temporal distribution of the algal blooms in the shallow lake, accurately analyzing the generation and development condition and trend of the algal blooms, scientifically estimating the lake pollution control and ecological remediation effects and providing the scientific and technological support for making a scientific decision for water resource management and water environment protection of departments of water conservation, environment protection and the like.

The invention discloses a reconstruction method of submerged plant communities in shallow lakes. The method comprises the steps of field investigation, plant community construction, plant community regulation and control and maintenance and management. According to site conditions comprising water quality, topography and community composition investigated in field, firstly lakes to be restored are partitioned according to topographic conditions, such as water depth and the like; then suitable submerged plant species, planting methods and planting time are selected according to environment conditions of all zones; community construction is performed; manual regulation and control and management on the plants through modes of adding, replanting and submerged plant replacing, so that the plants can maintain certain biomass and biodiversity; finally a stable submerged plant community is formed. The method is simple and easy to operate, and has good application value.

The invention discloses a method for predicting the water area where water bloom of blue algae occurs first next year in a large shallow lake, which is characterized by comprising: based on the area and characteristics of water, setting a monitoring point for sampling water and bottom sediment; characterizing the time and spatial distribution of blue algae by using pigment analysis; characterizing the activity of blue algae in all lake areas by using photosynthesis activity and esterase activity of cells; acquiring meteorological data of the lake areas, and determining an effective wind field; and building an ecological dynamic module to predict the area where the water bloom of blue algae occurs first next year. In the method disclosed by the invention, the biomass and growth activity of the blue algae and the effective wind field are regarded as the common triggering factors of the formation of water bloom, the growth and transport of the blue algae and the driving factors of the formation of the water bloom are analyzed to estimate the change law of the ecological pattern of overwintering and resurrection of blue algae, the formation of water bloom of blue algae is predicted from multiple angles, parameters are integrated by the module, and the prediction result is directly displayed in a blue algae biomass contour map mode according to a time sequence.

The invention discloses a water supplement and algae control method for a large-scale shallow lake water bloom agglomeration water area. The method utilizes a water environment simulation technology, a soft enclosure technology and a dynamic monitoring and scheduling technology and comprises building a lake water environment analogy model, constructing soft enclosure engineering to form a desired water area, carrying out on-line monitoring on the desired water area, building a space-time high precision water environment analogy model of the desired water area, constructing a water quality neural network model and building a flow scheduling system of a water supplement river. The method is a systematic and quantitative technical system which utilizes a river flowing into lake to supply water for a large-scale shallow lake water bloom agglomeration water area so that algal density is controlled. The method builds a defined quantification relationship between supplement water amount and quality and water quality response of a desired water area so that quantitative water environment in the water resource scheduling system is realized, and the problem that the existing water diversion-based alga control engineering measures cannot form a quantitative technical solution so that alga control effects are uncertain or unconspicuous is solved.

A water eco-environment protection method based on water plant harvesting. The invention relates to a water eco-environment protection method, which is characterized in that water plants are cultivated in a water body or naturally recovered water plants are utilized; nitrogen and phosphorous nutrients are absorbed by water plant growth; the water plants are harvested in growth period by manual work or waterweed harvesting equipment so as to promote the regrowth of the water plants; harvesting is carried out for multiple times, ends in the growth period and is carried out for the last time after the water plants grow seeds or vegetative propagule so as to extract the nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients from water in the form of water plant residues. The invention aims to maximize the accumulated biomass of the water plants during the whole growth period or optimize the water quality purifying effect and simultaneously remove nutrients in the water body and deposits, alleviate the eutrophication process of the water body and prevent the water plants from decaying and polluting the water body once again. The method provided by the invention is suitable for daily ecological maintenance of shallow lakes, urban landscape water, slow flow rivers, small reservoirs, wetlands and ponds.

A method for restoring aquatic vegetation in eutrophicated shellow lake features that the hygrophyte, emergent aquatic plant and flootingleaf and floating plants are used to create a biologic fence for improving the local environment of outrophicated water, and the pilot nursing spermatophyte, following equatic and target plants are gradually introduced into the said fence to form a stable cycle of different aquatic plants in the year round.

The invention discloses adjustable recovering method and device of a submerged plant in a polluted shallow lake. The method comprises the following steps of: fixing the submerged plant underwater for a certain depth capable of ensuring the illumination requirement for the health growth of the submerged plant when a water body is in the initial transparency; because the transparency of the water body covered on the submerged plant is gradually increased along with the growth of the submerged plant, adjusting a planting body of the submerged plant to move downwards to ensure that the submerged plant grows at the next water depth and the submerged plant can continuously grow in a downwards moving water layer; and repeating the operation steps so that the submerged plant is gradually moved downwards until the planting body is downwards moved to a water body sediment surface layer. The device comprises the planting body of the submerged plant and a pile foundation for fixing the planting body of the submerged plant. The invention ensures that the growth depth of the submerged plant in the water body is adjusted according to the illumination requirement for the growth of the submerged plant, and the submerged plant is gradually downwards moved to the water bottom, thereby not only treating the polluted water body, but also meeting the illumination requirement for the growth in the downwards moving process.

The invention discloses a system and a method for automatically monitoring the lake-flooding of a shallow lake; the system comprises a support platform, a power supply system, a data acquisition system, a data transmission system and a data center, wherein the support platform comprises a plurality of platforms supported by piles; the power supply system is used for supplying power for the data acquisition system and the data transmission system; the data acquisition system comprises a meteorological sensor, a hydrological sensor, a water quality sensor, a plurality of water temperature and dissolved oxygen sensors and a camera; and the data transmission system is connected with the data acquisition system, and is used for transmitting various lake-flooding information acquired by the data acquisition system into the data center with the data acquisition system. The system and the method are suitable for monitoring the algae-derived lake-flooding, which is comparatively fixed in occurrence site, high in frequency and short in duration, and difficult to catch by manual sampling or remote sensing inversion with low time resolution, of the shallow lake.

A removing method of overwintering water-blooming cyanobacteria provenances in large-scale shallow lakes is disclosed. In the overwintering period and the recovery period, algae-controlling agents are respectively used in distribution areas of overwintering water-blooming cyanobacteria provenances twice to perform background removal of overwintering cyanobacteria provenances in water and sediment, wherein the first background removal is performed in the overwintering period, and the second background removal is performed in the recovery period before cyanobacteria recover; and the algae-controlling agent comprises rice straw and H2O2 with effective concentrations. The invention is based on the self-growth and recovery rule of algae; environment-friendly algae-controlling agents are used for prevention and control treatment at provenance regions for cyanobacteria growth and in bottleneck periods - the overwintering and the recovery periods; overwintering water-blooming cyanobacteria provenances in large-scale shallow lakes can be effectively removed; cyanobacteria water bloom can be treated from the source; and the method is a new approach for the prevention and control of the generation of harmful algae water bloom.

The invention relates to the field of ecological restoration, in particular to a method for recovering submerged vegetation of a shallow lake ecosystem. The method comprises steps as follows: screening of submerged plants; rapid colonization of the submerged plants; optimal configuration of submerged plant communities; cooperative purification process of the submerged plants and aquatic animals. According to the method, growth characteristics and required environmental conditions of various submerged plants are taken into full consideration, the submerged plant communities are reasonably planted and configured, meanwhile, the aquatic animals are introduced, a damaged aquatic habitat is restored step by step, aquatic organismfood web (chain) is activated and maintained, a healthy ecosystemrealizingcooperative purification of aquatic organisms is constructed, and the method is simple to operate, lasting in effect and convenient to popularize and apply.

The invention provides a diagnosis and evaluation method for the water quality of an eutrophic shallow lake subjected to ecological restoration, which comprises the following steps of: selecting two factors, i.e. water transparency and chlorophyll a concentration which are important for water-quality improvement and stabilization in the ecological restoration process of the eutrophic shallow lake, comprehensively considering the interaction between the two factors, and establishing a water-quality diagnosis index-lake water quality index (LQI) of the eutrophic shallow lake subjected to the ecological restoration. The LQI can be used for quantitatively describing the conversion between the clean-water steady state and the muddy-water steady state of the eutrophic shallow lake so as to provide a visual and convenient diagnosis method for the water quality of the eutrophic shallow lake subjected to ecological restoration and also provide a scientific and reasonable reference basis for the drafting of management measures of the eutrophic shallow lake subjected to ecological restoration and the selection and the application of a subsequent ecological engineering method.

The invention provides a prediction method of development distribution of lacustrine high-quality source rock. The method comprises the following steps of by aiming at a main source layer section of atargeted region, (1) respectively recovering an ancient lake mode; (2) respectively defining the shallow lake and semi-deep lake-deep lake distribution range on the basis of deposition and/or sedimentation center, paleo-water-depth distribution and wave base depth; (3) respectively dividing each single well deposition organic phase type on the basis of deposition environment, the ancient lake mode, the organic matter abundance and the organic matter type, and then defining the plane distribution range of advantageous facies; (4) respectively determining a vertical distribution range of the high-quality source rock by using logging data; (5) respectively determining the transverse distribution change of the high-quality source rock by using earthquake data; and (6) respectively drawing development distribution patterns of the high-quality source rock on the basis of the advantageous facies plane distribution range, the high-quality source rock vertical distribution range and the high-quality source rock transverse distribution change. Therefore the concrete distribution of the lacustrine high-quality source rock of the target region, namely the prediction result of the lacustrine high-quality source rock can be obtained.

The invention relates to a biological chain constructing method suitable for improving the water quality of a shallow lake. In the method, biological combinations of different trophic levels are configured optionally, a shrimp-fish-shellfish-submerged plant biological chain with the ecological functions of reducing nutrient salt and controlling the growth of algae is constructed, and the water quality regulating and controlling functions of biological components are brought into full play on different levels. Through absorptive utilization and metabolic activity of nutrient elements, the nitrogen and phosphorus levels the lake are lowered effectively, the transparency of an aquatic plant growing region is increased, and the water quality is improved. The biological chain constructing method has the characteristics of economic efficiency, convenience, low energy consumption, remarkable water purifying effect, good economic benefit and short treatment period, and plays an important role in maintaining the health of a shallow lake ecological system for a long time.

The invention provides a sampling device for a large-volume water sample of semi-volatile organic compounds, belongs to the technical field of sampling of semi-volatile organic pollutants in a water body. The device comprises a peristaltic pump, a filter membrane tray, an adsorbing material sleeve and a flowmeter, wherein the peristaltic pump is used for sucking the water sample through a sampling tube and conveying the water sample to the filter membrane tray; the filter membrane tray is used for filtering the water sample sucked by the peristaltic pump and conveying the filtered water sample to the adsorbing material sleeve; the adsorbing material sleeve is used for adsorbing sol-state granules in the water sample through polyurethane foam, activated carbon or XAD2 resin which is arranged in the adsorbing material sleeve and is used for enriching; and the flowmeter is used for metering the volume of the sampled water sample. The sampling device has the characteristics of compact structure, simplicity in operation and convenience for carrying, can finish filtering, adsorption and sampling volume calculation of the water sample at one time during the sampling process so as to provide convenience for in-situ enriching of the large-volume water sample, and can be used for in-situ sampling of water samples of shallow lakes, rivers, reservoirs and other various water bodies.

The invention discloses an automatic spectrum monitoring system for the water surface imaging of a shallow lake and a synchronous automatic monitoring method. The system comprises a support platform, a power supplying system, a data collector system, a data transmission system and a data center; the support platform comprises a platform formed by a plurality of pile supports and an instrument room built on the platform; the power supplying system supplies power for the data collector system and the data transmission system; the data collector system comprises an imaging spectrometer and a matched observation tower frame; the data transmission system is connected with the data collector system and transmits the water surface imaging spectrum remote sensing information collected by the data collector system to the data center. The spectrum collecting system for the water surface imaging of the shallow lake and the synchronous automatic monitoring method are suitable for the remote sensing field monitoring and research on the water color and the algae bloom, converted under a region expansion space size, of the area with the characteristics of relative immobilization and high frequency of an algae bloom generating position of the eutrophication lake.

The invention discloses an ecological substrate for a hard-substrate shallow lake as well as a preparation method for the ecological substrate and a substrate improving method. The ecological substrate is prepared from clay, environment-friendly ceramic filter bulbs and bentonite. The preparation method for the ecological substrate comprises the following steps: (1) selecting the clay, the environment-friendly ceramic filter bulbs and the bentonite as raw materials for substrate improvement; (2) placing the environment-friendly ceramic filter bulbs in diluted hydrochloric acid to soak, washing the mixture with clear water until the mixture is neutral, and drying the mixture; (3) soaking the bentonite in sodium carbonate liquor, stirring the mixture and placing the mixture in a muffle furnace to roast; and (4) uniformly mixing the clay, the treated environment-friendly ceramic filter bulbs and the bentonite to prepare the ecological substrate for the substrate improvement. The substrate improving method for the hard-substrate shallow lake comprises the following steps: (a) arranging bamboo sticks in the substrate improving area in the lakebed, and diffusing and flowing away the modifying substrate; (b) spraying the ecological substrate material into the lakebed from the lake surface; and (c) planting submerged plants in the substrate improving area, and managing and conserving the submerged plants. The method is easy to carry out, simple and convenient to operate, so that the problem that the submerged plants are difficult to root and easy to float in the hard-substrate lake is effectively solved.

The invention provides a lake eco-restoration method for regulating and controlling rapid conversion between algae and grass in water by utilizing dormancy slot of blue algae by virtue of cohesive soil to improve substrate condition of a shallow lake. The method specifically comprises the following steps: selecting local lake soil or clay mineral material which is low in cost and safe in ecology and has good viscosity; and spraying and covering the substrate of the eutrophic shallow lake for isolating blue algae seed sources and anaerobic sediments, improving the environment of the substrate, promoting the rapid restoration of submerged vegetations planted along with clayey soil in the dormancy slot of the blue algae in winter and spring and controlling and regulating the shallow lake to be rapidly converted to a grass-shaped lake from an eutrophic algae-shaped lake, thereby effectively preventing the recovery of the blue algae in spring and breakage of the blue algae in summer. The method can be applied to substrate improvement and ecological recovery of lake, pond and landscape water.

The invention provides a short-term forecasting method for eutrophication shallow lake algae source lake flooding. The method comprises the steps that a plurality of monitoring points are set in a water area where shallow lake flooding is likely to happen so as to measure meteorological parameters and water environment parameters; a space mesh dividing and interpolation algorithm is used for interpolating the water environment parameters of the monitoring points to a whole lake, and space distribution is used as the initial condition of a water quality numerical model; the wind field time and space distribution in the next three days is used as model external stress, a three-dimensional water power-water quality numerical model is driven to conduct calculation, and the time and space distribution of the shallow lake chlorophyll a and the dissolved oxygen concentration in the next three days is obtained; the time and space distribution of the chlorophyll a and the dissolved oxygen concentration is used for being combined with the meteorological parameters, so that a probability empirical formula is established, and the probability of lake flooding in the water area where the lake flooding is likely to happen in the next three days is calculated. For the water area where the lake flooding probability is large, the position and area of lake flooding are further determined.

The invention discloses a device and a method for simulating resuspension of sediment under action of vertical wind-driven circulation in a shallow lake, and belongs to the field of environmental protection. The device comprises a rectangular water tank, a water flow propelling power system and a flow rate measuring device. The height of the water tank is not smaller than 30cm, and the length-width ratio is not smaller than 1.2. The sediment collected without disturbance and 5cm in thickness is laid at the bottom of the water tank. A conveying belt arranged on a water surface is driven by a variable-frequency speed regulating motor so as to drive water of the water surface to move, the water sinks to the surface of the sediment after reaching the edge wall of the water tank, and then moves in an opposite direction, so that a vertical wind-driven circulation structure commonly existing in shallow lake wind-driven flow on a longitudinal section is formed, and the process of resuspension of the sediment under action of vertical wind-driven circulation in the shallow lake on conditions of different wind strength and different water depth can be simulated. A flow rate measuring instrument is positioned accurately by the flow rate measuring device, and then a wind-driven circulation field formed on the longitudinal section of the rectangular water tank can be observed. The device has the advantages that the vertical wind-driven circulation structure formed in the shallow lake on the conditions of different wind strength and different water depth is simulated vividly, and thus the process of resuspension, driven by the wind-driven circulation, of the sediment at the bottom of the lake, can be observed.

The invention discloses a substrate improving material for a high-organic-matter bottom mud shallow lake and a preparation method thereof, and a repairing method; the substrate improving material is composed of clay, kaolin, environmental-protection ceramic filter balls and calcium peroxide. The preparation method comprises the steps: 1) selecting the clay, kaolin, environmental-protection ceramic filter balls and calcium peroxide as raw materials; 2) placing the environmental-protection ceramic filter balls in dilute hydrochloric acid, soaking, washing with clear water to be neutral, and drying; and 3) mixing evenly the clay, the kaolin, calcium peroxide and the processed ceramic filter balls according to a certain proportion, to prepare the substrate improving material. The repairing method comprises the steps: A) bamboo sticks are arranged in a lake bottom substrate improved region; B) the substrate improving material is sprinkled to the bottom of the lake from the surface of the lake; and C) submerged plants are planted on the substrate improved region, and the submerged plants are managed and maintained. The method is easy to implement and simple to operate, effectively solves the problems that the submerged plants are difficult to fixedly plant and ecological restoration projects are difficult to implement in a soft-surface high-organic-matter bottom mud lake, and accelerates the recovery of a lake ecosystem.

The invention discloses a rapid self-forming method of a vallisneria natans underwater meadow, relating to a large-area and large-scale water environment biological treatment technique. The method comprises the steps of: (1) collecting fertile lake mud, clay and degradable fibres; (2) preparing a vallisneria natans culture substrate according a volume ratio of the lake mud, the clay to the degradable fibres of 40: 40: 20 and filling the culture substrate in a detachable mould which is 60 cm in length, 30 cm in width and 8 cm in height; (3) putting the mould in a cement pond which is good in illumination conditions and has adjustable water level; (4) collecting healthy and strong winter buds of the vallisneria natans and sowing the buds in the culture substrate; and (5) adjusting the waterlevel in the cement pond duly according to growth height of the vallisneria natans so that the vallisneria natans can grow rapidly and thereby are branched and combined to form the meadow. The rapid self-forming method of the vallisneria natans underwater meadow disclosed by the invention can produce plenty of vallisneria natans meadows in a large scale, is convenient for implementation and construction, and can rapidly and efficiently recover submerged plants in a nutrient-rich shallow lake so that a foundation for further optimizing aquatic plant community is provided, thereby aquatic ecosystem structure is improved and ecological system stabilization is promoted.

The invention discloses an integrated device for collecting and separating suspended particles of a shallow lake. The integrated device comprises a locating system and a capturing and separation system, wherein the locating system comprises two big heavy punches, a buoy and a rope; the two big heavy punches are respectively connected with the buoy through the rope; the capturing and separation system comprises a capturing pipe and a capturing pipe bracket; the capturing pipe comprises a collecting hopper and a collecting bottle; the collecting bottle is connected below the collecting hopper; the collecting bottle is multifunctional and can be directly placed into a centrifugal machine for high-speed centrifugal separation; the capturing pipe bracket comprises a horizontal rod and a vertical rod which are fixed together to form a crossed shape; the capturing pipe is connected to the horizontal rod; and a small heavy punch is connected to the lower end of the capturing pipe bracket through the rope. The integrated device is simple in structure, low in cost, easy to process, long in service life and capable of collecting samples constantly for a long period of time.

The invention provides a rapid monitoring method for aquatic plants in a shallow lake based on images of a resource environment moonlet No.1 (HJ-CCD). The method comprises the following steps: 1) acquiring HJ-CCD images of a researched region and preprocessing the images; 2) calculating sensitive characteristic indexes of emergent aquatic plants according to the HJ-CCD images of the researched region; 3) subjecting the HJ-CCD images of the researched region to principal component transformation so as to obtain sensitive characteristics of floating-leaved plants; 4) subjecting the HJ-CCD images of the researched region to tasseled cap transformation so as to obtain sensitive characteristic indexes of submerged plants; 5) determining and recognizing thresholds of different aquatic plants according to measured data synchronous to the images of the researched region and bringing forward discrimination conditions; and 6) establishing a decision tree classification model according to the discrimination conditions and generating a shallow lake aquatic plant monitoring result graph. The method can realize rapid, real-time, large-scale and high-precision recognition and monitoring of spatial distribution of aquatic plants of different kinds.