433 results about "Plant community" patented technology

The present invention is directed to methods and compositions of endophytic fungi that confer stress tolerance to inoculated plants, including both monocots and dicots. In particular, Fusarium species, isolated from the dunegrass, Leymus mollis, growing in plant communities on Puget Sound beaches of Washington State. Upon inoculating a target plant or plant part with the endophytic fungi, the resulting plant shows stress tolerance, particularly drought and salinity tolerance.

The invention relates to an ecological protection method for a high steep side slope. The method mainly comprises the steps of slope surface treatment, concrete shotcrete and rock bolt support, vegetating hole arrangement, net spreading, spray material preparation, granule spray sowing, maintenance, management, and the like. In the method, guest soil materials such as humus loam rich in organic matters and clay are utilized to undergo a granule reaction after mixed with a granule agent at the moment of spray sowing so as to form a greening template which has the same high order granule structure as natural soil and strong erosion resistance and can suppress water and soil loss. After a diversified mature plant community which is in harmony with surrounding vegetation environment is formed, the slope surface can be protected, which can effectively resist diseases and insect pests and maintain the ecological balance. Post maintenance management and expenses can be saved. All used materials can be naturally degraded, have no pollution to the environment and can purify air and beautify the environment. Equipment of the method does not need to be hung on the slope surface for construction, and spray sowing operations are carried out only below the slope surface, thus the method has high construction speed and safety. The method is suitable for slope surfaces which are difficult to green, and the like, such as various high steep and unstable slope surfaces, bare slope surfaces having high greening expected values, and the like.

The invention relates to an ecological restoration method for a city watercourse. The ecological restoration method for the city watercourse is characterized in that the polluted city watercourse is comprehensively restored with the combination of physical, biological and ecological technologies, the ecological theory is used for reference in the treatment process, the ecological idea is used as the guiding thought, a complex water ecosystem structure is constructed and restored, the original natural state of the watercourse is restored, the self-cleaning capacity of a river system is improved, the environment is beautified, and the local city microclimates are improved at the same time. The ecological restoration method mainly comprises the steps of (1) controlling a pollution source, (2) modifying the river bank, (3) optimizing the environment of the river bottom, (4) modifying the watercourse, (5) conducting aeration and oxygenation, (6) constructing an aquatic plant community, (7) constructing a fish and macrobenthos community, and (8) maintaining the system. The watercourse ecological system restored through the ecological restoration method has the certain anti-interference capacity, on the premise that a large amount of exogenous pollution is cut off, the certain-strength interference can be resisted, and the good ecological environmental effect is obtained. After one-time input, the better ecological benefit can be obtained only with a small number of maintenance costs.

The invention discloses a method for constructing shrub and grass plant communities on a rocky slope, which organically integrates the soil replacement technology, the surface covering technology, the planting technology, the transplanting technology and the like. The method is characterized in that firstly, an external soil layer is constructed on the surface of the rocky slope by means of net suspending and soil spraying and used as a soil foundation for plant growth, transplanting holes are reserved in the external soil layer and prepared for transplanting of shrub seedlings; secondly, plant blankets (or plant strips) are laid on the surface of the external soil layer, seeds of herbaceous plants, fertilizer for the herbaceous plants and the like are inlaid in the plant blankets (or plant strips), and accordingly, sprouting and growth of the herbaceous plants are guaranteed while coverage of the herbaceous plants is controlled, and soil water evaporation can be reduced and slope soil loss can be prevented; and thirdly, the cultured shrub seedlings are planted in the transplanting holes, competition and livability of the transplanted shrub seedlings can be improved, and the shrubs are ensured to be dominant species in the slope plant communities. By the method, slope vegetation coverage can be quickly recovered, and livability and stability of artificial plant communities on the rocky slope are improved.

The invention discloses a spraying and sowing greening method for a concrete anchoring and shotcreting slope. The spraying and sowing greening method comprises the following steps of: (1) treating a slope surface; (2) excavating plant-growing holes and filling soil for planting; (2) paving plant-growing blankets on the concrete anchoring and shotcreting slope surface from top to bottom; (3) laying metal gauzes on the plant-growing blankets from top to bottom, and anchoring the metal gauzes by using anchoring parts; (5) preparing a spraying and sowing substrate material which is a muddy material containing plant seeds and has the flowability; (6) spraying and sowing: spraying and sowing on the spraying and sowing substrate material on the slope surface by adopting a spraying and sowing device, wherein the spraying and sowing substrate material can be used for making artificial soil with good stability in an instant; and (7) maintaining and managing. The spraying and sowing greening method is used for carrying out spraying and sowing greening on various type of slopes with gradients of less than or equal to 750 under the condition of keeping the integral structure of the anchoring and shotcreting slope surface stable, wherein the various types of slopes are subjected to concrete anchoring and shotcreting support, thereby forming a plant community which combines arbors, shrubs and grasses, is enduring and stable, and harmonious and consistent with ambient ecological environments and enabling the hard concrete slope surface to be greened and beautified forever.

The invention discloses a reconstruction method of submerged plant communities in shallow lakes. The method comprises the steps of field investigation, plant community construction, plant community regulation and control and maintenance and management. According to site conditions comprising water quality, topography and community composition investigated in field, firstly lakes to be restored are partitioned according to topographic conditions, such as water depth and the like; then suitable submerged plant species, planting methods and planting time are selected according to environment conditions of all zones; community construction is performed; manual regulation and control and management on the plants through modes of adding, replanting and submerged plant replacing, so that the plants can maintain certain biomass and biodiversity; finally a stable submerged plant community is formed. The method is simple and easy to operate, and has good application value.

The invention discloses an ecological restoration method for a lakeside wetland. In the method, hygrophilous woody plants are planted in a lakeside zone to construct wetland plant communities. The hygrophilous woody plants comprise hygrophilous arbor and hygrophilous shrub, wherein the hygrophilous arbor comprises willows, metasequoia, ascendens mucronatum, taxodium ascendens brongn and bamboo; the hygrophilous shrub comprises iteaceae and S.integra thrnb; and the plants are planted in the way of shoot cottage or soil ball transplant. The hygrophilous woody plants are perennial plants, have a low growth rate, low biomass, low growth amount and low plant disposal pressure and do not need felling and refloating every year, so that the defects of frequently harvesting and refloating herbal emergent aquatic plant communities every year are overcome, the maintenance and management cost of lake wetland plant communities are reduced, the lakeside depositing rate is lowered, and the secondary pollution hidden danger to lake water bodies is relieved. Compared with the prior art, the method has the characteristics of convenient operation, maintenance and management, low maintenance cost, high ecological benefit, easy popularization and application and the like and can be used for ecological restoration engineering of lake and lakeside bottomlands, swamp marshes and shallow water zones.

The invention relates to a method for constructing a wetland type river channel. A natural gentle slope type retaining wall is constructed in a land directional area from the position above a normal water line to the top of a protection slope by using soil engineering materials, tree and shrub vegetation is planted, emergent aquatic plants are respectively planted in a bottomland area and a shallow water area of the river channel, floating-leaved plants and submerged plants are planted adjacent to the emergent aquatic plant area, and the transverse width of the planting area on each side is equal to or smaller than one fourth the width of the water area of the river channel. According to the method for constructing the wetland type river channel, the foundation with the novel soil engineering materials, the biological protection slope provided with the novel soil engineering materials as the foundation and covered by the tree and shrub vegetation, a bottomland wetland with emergent aquatic plant community as the main body and a bank zone with the floating-leaved plant and submerged plant communities as the main body are constructed respectively on the wetland type river channel, and a river channel biological system with the complete structure and function is formed. The method for constructing the wetland type river channel is capable of obviously improving river water quality, good river channel landscape can be created, and the living quality of city residents can be improved.

A method for spraying to green a side slope of hard rock with joints being not developed comprises the steps of processing a slope surface, setting up a simple scaffold, using a compressed air drilling machine for drilling vegetative holes, filling nutrient soil in the vegetative holes, laying a metal net and binding vegetative strips, spraying and seeding matrix materials which can instantly make artificial soil with good water stability performance in the slope surface, and conducting necessary maintaining management in the seedling stage of plants. The method is a spray-seeding technology directing at the side slope of the hard rock with the joints being not developed, and common construction methods can not be implemented on the slope surface of the type. The method for spraying to green the side slope of the hard rock with the joints being not developed has the advantages of being simple, strong in operability, low in cost and suitable for various hard rock side slopes with the gradient less than 80 degrees. After spray-seeding, phytocoenosium is formed, wherein ligneous plants are mainly included, shrub and herbaceous plants are combined, the phytocoenosium is long lasting and stable, and is in harmony and consistency with the surrounding ecological environment, after closing of the plants, cultivating does not need any more, and the slope surface of the hard rock with the joints being not developed can be greened and beautified permanently.

The invention relates to a combined repairing technology system for various combined technologies of a regenerated water landscape riverway water body. The technology adopts the combined system which carries out optional regrouping on various ecological repair technologies of ecological embankment management, aeration reoxygenation, wetland water treatment, plant repair and aquatic animal repair. The content of CODcr (chemical oxygen demand), BOD5 (biochemical oxygen demand), N and P in the riverway water body repaired by the system is greatly lowered. Embankment grassing brick type ecological embankment is adopted. A plurality of plugflow aeration devices are adopted to re-oxygenate a water body on a bottom layer; an artificial wetland is planted with three plants of reed, calamus and canna; a plant community with better salt tolerance is adopted for phytoremediation; each plant community is configured with emergent aquatic plants, floating plants and submerged plants; parts of stream segments are configured with a small quantity of floating plants; and suspended matters in the water body can be effectively reduced by aquatic animal repair to remove green algae substances in the water body and increase water body transparency.

The invention discloses a method for estimating invasive plant biomass by aerial photography of an unmanned aerial vehicle. The method comprises the steps that images of a to-be-estimated area are continuously shot by the unmanned aerial vehicle, meanwhile on-the-spot collection of invasive plant biomass samples in the to-be-estimated area is conducted and the biomass is calculated; the images ofthe to-be-estimated area are processed to obtain ground ortho images of the to-be-estimated area with high definition, and therefore plant community height variation model images and visible light vegetation index model images of the surface of the to-be-estimated area are established; classification is conducted on the ground ortho images of the to-be-estimated area to determine space distribution of invasive plants; regression models between the plant biomass and plant community height and between the plant biomass and visible light vegetation index are established, and estimation of the invasive plant biomass with determined space distribution is conducted through the regression models. According to the method, the biomass and the space distribution of the invasive plants can be rapidlyestimated, working efficiency and quality are greatly improved, and the method is more accurately and lower in cost.

The invention relates to a method for constructing a water saving type landscape plant community, comprising the following steps of: firstly, leveling a landform of a square construction area of 20m*20m; then, arranging a #-shaped groove at a trisection position of each side of the area, horizontally laying a gravel layer at the bottom of the #-shaped groove, and backfilling plant growing soil on the gravel layer; complexly planting a mixed plant community on the plant growing soil; and finally, covering saw dust in the thickness of 10cm at a base part of trees and shrubs. The method for constructing the water saving type landscape plant community can meet the requirement on rainwater storage of the water saving type landscape plant community and homeostasis in a water community so as to achieve the purposes of reducing irrigation and saving water resources.

The invention discloses an ecological community structure layout method of healthcare gardens. The ecological community structure layout method of the healthcare gardens comprises performing strict classification, precision matching and reasonable application according to growth characteristics, functions and usages of all kinds of healthcare plants, and respectively mass-planting the plants in healthcare gardens of different forms according to needs through scientific design, consummate layout and corresponding compatibility; meanwhile, selecting relevant arbors which are vigorous, good in stress resistance and have pharmacological actions as a frame and utilizing healthcare plants of different varieties, clear functions and high ornamental values as a main body to build an ecological plant community. According to the ecological community structure layout method of the healthcare gardens, aesthetics, medicine pharmacology and environmental psychology are used as guidance, sightseeing gardens with healthcare effects are built through the application of biological measures, the healthcare plants, gardening architecture articles and the like, positive significance on public health maintenance, recreation and body-building, disease prevention and cure, wisdom development, tumor suppression and cancer prevention, body health and longevity, physical and mental health and the like can be obtained, and also social significance of energy saving and emission reduction, low carbon and environmental protection and ecological civilization promotion can be achieved.

The invention relates to a source retention and purification system for a composite flat table top of a large and intermediate riverway, wherein, an interception cross trench the cross section of which is a trapezoid wide on the upper part and narrow on the lower part is arranged on a joint of a riverway slope and a composite platform; gravels with different grain diameters are filled into the composite platform layer by layer from far to near according to the distance with the middle of a river to respectively form a round gravel layer, a mediate gravel layer and a fragmental gravel layer; concrete bricks are laid on the top of the composite platform; one side of the composite platform on the waterfront is provided with a slope waterfront; nonfines concrete blocks are laid on the slope waterfront; and planting is performed on the slope waterfront in turn according to the depth and the height of the water to form a submerged plant community, a floating plant community and an emersed plant community. The source retention and purification system has the advantages that: rainfall runoff surface source pollutants can be retained and purified through the action of the interception cross trench, herbal plants, the gravel layers and aquatic plants on the waterfront of the composite platform, thereby a suitable living environment is created and the integration of the paddling amusement function, the flood carrying function, the surface source retention and purification function and the ecological function of a composite riverbed of the large and intermediate riverway is realized. Moreover, the source retention and purification system has the advantages of simple structure, convenient construction, stable function, low cost and convenient use.

The invention discloses a method for reconstructing submerged plant communities of lakeside wetland and controlling water quality purification. The method comprises the steps of monitoring and analyzing the water quality purification capacity and the community change rule of water plants in an ecological restoration area of a lakeside wetland, and determining some kinds of water plants with high-intensity purification and survival ability to serve as pioneer species; determining which kind of season dominant species to which the pioneer species belong respectively, and constructing submerged plant communities of the lakeside wetland through reasonable matching of different season dominant species; quickly cultivating the pioneer species on a large scale in the ecological restoration area of the lakeside wetland to realize purification control of water quality. Compared with the prior art, by adopting the method disclosed by the invention, the amount of the submerged plant communities of the lakeside wetland can be effectively controlled, and the stability of a plant cover in an eutrophic water body is maintained, so that the method is of great significance to ecological restoration of the eutrophic water body; moreover, the method disclosed by the invention is technically reliable, simple and feasible in operation and low in cost.

The invention discloses a soil improving agent for ecological restoration of high-and-cold arid desertification soil. The soil improving agent is prepared from the following raw materials: in parts byweight, 50-100 parts of a microbial inoculant, 500-2000 parts of biological humic acid fertilizer, 20-100 parts of inorganic fertilizer, 50-150 parts of a water-retaining agent, 10-100 parts of palygorskite, 100-300 parts of bentonite and 10-20 parts of polyaspartic acid. The invention also discloses an ecological restoration method for high-and-cold arid desertification soil, and the method comprises the steps: applying the soil improving agent as base fertilizer to the soil at an applied amount of 100-200 kg of the soil improving agent to soil per mu, then performing rotary tillage and mixing, pouring water, and performing balance for 1-2 weeks so as to construct a plant community. The soil improving agent has the advantages that soil desertification can be managed effectively, the soilstructure and environment in high-and-cold arid zones can be improved, the plant growth in the zones can be promoted, the economic benefit can be increased, and the desertification control can be promoted.

The invention relates to an ecological-floating-bed-based water body ecological restoration method which comprises the following steps: 1) establishing an ecological floating bed, adding biological activated carbon into each growing basket, and suspending rope-shaped carbon fiber ecological grass on the bottom of the floating bed; 2) growing emerging plants in a first aquatic plant growing region, wherein the emerging plants are composed of more than two of Canna generalis, Thalia dealbata, Iris wilsonii, calamus, purple loosestrife, bamboo reed, reed, cyperus altrnlifolius and Pontederia corda; growing a floating leaf plant or submerged plant in a second aquatic plant growing region, wherein the floating leaf plant is Ludwigia stipulacea, and the submerged plant is watermilfoil; and 3) reaping: carrying out periodical reaping according to the growth condition of the aquatic plants. The multiple ornamental plants and plant species with higher synergic decontamination capacity are reasonably blended and grown to establish a stable floating bed phytocommunity, thereby enhancing the synergistic actions among organisms, enhancing the restorability of the ecological floating bed for the water ecological environment, effectively enhancing the purifying effect of the ecological floating bed, and having stabler purifying effects.

The invention relates to a method for rehabilitating uranium contaminated soil by use of a functional plant community. According to the method, broussonetia papyrifera and Ilex cornuta, and reed, Pteris multifida Poir and difformed galingale herb (herbaceous plants), which can enrich uranium in the soil are selected to construct a stable plant community with a function of in-situ repairing for uranium contaminated soil, wherein all plants in the plant community can enrich uranium in the uranium contaminated soil and can transport the uranium into an overground part of the plants, thereby achieving the purpose of rehabilitating the uranium contaminated soil. The method comprises the following steps of firstly, performing seed treatment and sowing; secondly, trimming and fertilizing; thirdly, harvesting; and fourthly, treating in a concentrating manner. The method does not need other auxiliary means and is capable of overcoming the disadvantages that the plant species structure is simple, the plant community is instable and easy to degrade, the maintenance cost is high, the plant diseases and insect pests are more and the ecological functions are at a low level when the single plant species is used for repairing the uranium contaminated soil in an existing method, the five plants have synergistic effect, and the repairing efficiency is improved remarkably compared with that of the method adopting the single plant species for rehabilitating the uranium contaminated soil.

The invention relates to a restoration method for a mine waste slag pile, specifically to an ecological restoration method for a sulfur-containing mine waste slag pile. The ecological restoration method comprises the following steps: (1) plowing and flatting a waste slag pile, and carrying out natural and full leaching and exposing under the sun; (2) mixing waste slag with quicklime, sludge and an organic fertilizer; (3) planting nitrogen-fixing trees, shrubs and herbaceous plants so as to form a dominant plant community; and (4) allowing pioneer species to evolve, and planting woody trees and shrubs. The ecological restoration method for the sulfur-containing mine waste slag pile provided by the invention can simply and rapidly construct a plant community on the sulfur-containing mine waste slag pile, plants a nitrogen-fixing plant dominant community by utilizing combination of engineering measures and biological measures, promotes reconstruction and evolution of an ecological system in a mine area in the means of natural restoration, restores the stability of the ecological system, thereby achieving the purpose of ecological restoration of a mine.

The invention provides a comprehensive treatment method for restoration of gangue hill ecological environment. The method specifically comprises the following steps of carrying out gangue hill slope cutting, shaping and fire extinguishing engineering, carrying out enclosure and isolation engineering, carrying out soil covering engineering, carrying out semi-flexible rapid drainage system engineering, carrying out nutrient soil construction engineering, carrying out anti-erosion vegetation restoration engineering and carrying out vegetation maintenance system engineering. According to the method, through reasonable gangue hill slope cutting and a semi-flexible rapid drainage system, a gangue hill can be ensured to be safe and stable; through gangue hill fire extinguishing and enclosure andisolation, the damage to the gangue hill can be thoroughly eliminated; through scientific and reasonable soil improvement through soil exchange, vegetation can grow fast and permanently; through an anti-erosion vegetation restoration technology, the erosion of wind and rain to a side slope can be resisted; and a reasonable vegetation maintenance system is designed, so that the problems of vegetation irrigation and fertilization of the side slope of the gangue hill can be solved, and water and soil loss of the side slope of the gangue hill can be prevented. The method has the advantages that acombination of measures are taken from the seven key points, so that the damage of spontaneous combustion of the gangue hill to the environment can be avoided, a plant community can be quickly formed,and the restoration of the mine ecological environment can be realized.

The invention discloses a degraded lakeside wetland and a restoration technology for the ecological function thereof, belonging to the field of environmental protection and biotechnology. On the basis of generally surveying the current situations of the natural wetland vegetation and plant community of the lakeside, the invention adopts the relative theories of vegetation ecology, restoration ecology and landscape ecology to construct the degraded wetland plant community; the water purification function of the plant is developed and the physical block function of the plant promotes the sediment of the suspended matter in water. Combined with the eco-engineering technology, the invention modifies the estuarine ecosystem by the interception function of the wave breaker, makes good use of the natural purification of the estuarine ecosystem and controls the nutrient input from the running water so as to restore the environmental value, ecology value and economic aesthetics value of the wetland. The restoration technology has the characteristics of strong operability, low cost, low maintenance cost, remarkable landscape value and economic value, and high water purification efficiency, and is suitable for the restoration and the water treatment of the natural wetland ecosystem of the lakeside in China.

A process for treating the nutrients-enriched water features that the chosen different plants are fixed to the self-floating braided objects, floating the braided objects on water surface for growing said plants to absorb nutrients, and collecting the plants. Its advantages are high effect etc.

The invention discloses a method for constructing a near-nature plant community for preventing and controlling non-point source pollution, belonging to the technical field of plant planting. The plant community constructed by the method disclosed by the invention is located on the bank of a riverway, is belt-shaped and15-18m wide and comprises a horizontal structure and a vertical structure, wherein the horizontal structure consists of three belt-shaped areas, namely a near-riverway area, a middle area and a far-riverway area; and the vertical structure comprises upper, middle and lower layers which are formed by planting various humidity-tolerance mesic arbors, shrubs and herbaceous plants in a compounding and intercropping manner, the upper layer is an arborous layer, the middle layer is a shrub layer and the lower layer is a herbaceous layer. Through a reasonable plant space distribution and allocation method, direct runoff time can be increased effectively, the processes of pollutant infiltration, interception, absorption and the like can be promoted, and non-point source pollution can be prevented and controlled effectively; moreover, the constructed near-nature plant community can effectively create ecological benefit and has excellent function of landscape aesthetics.

The invention relates to a construction method for a sustainable ecological landscape water body. The construction method is characterized in that a complete water body ecological system is constructed by taking ecological ideas as guidance and combining the landscape design aesthetics. The construction method mainly comprises the following steps of (1) digging the water body and performing anti-seepage treatment; (2) constructing emergent, floating leaf and submerged plant communities; (3) constructing a benthonic animal community; (4) constructing a zooplankter animal community; (5) constructing a fish community; (6) constructing microbial community; (7) maintaining the system. According to the construction method disclosed by the invention, a complete aquatic ecosystem is constructed by applying the ecological ideas, so that various communities in the system are self adjusted and mutually utilized, an ordered balance sustainable development state is achieved, the interference resistance is improved while the attractiveness is realized, the self healthy operation can be realized and the expenses of operation and maintenance are reduced.

The invention provides a method for extracting a phytocoenosium spatial structure. The method comprises: performing multi-resolution segmentation of a to-be-tested remote-sensing image in a target area to obtain remote-sensing image objects with different resolutions; establishing a corresponding relation between an image resolution of the to-be-tested remote-sensing image and an ecological organization resolution to obtain an image resolution of each plant type in the to-be-tested remote-sensing image, wherein the plant types include a meadow, a shrub, an arbor, a population and a group, wherein the meadow, the shrub, and the arbor are plant individuals; performing vegetation classification of a pre-selected sample of the to-be-tested remote-sensing image in plant individual and population image resolution according to the plant individuals and the population image resolution; summing the classification result of each resolution to a grouped data layer; and calculating plant individuals and parameters of a population spatial structure in a group resolution object boundary. The method for extracting the phytocoenosium spatial structure is relatively accurate, and is low in monitoring cost and high in objectivity.