113 results about "Ecological engineering" patented technology

The invention discloses a dynamic sea condition ship-machine cooperative attitude control system and method for sea grass transplantation, and belongs to the crossing field of marine ecological restoration and intelligent ship control. The system comprises a mother ship attitude control layer, a communication management layer, an underwater operation end and a sensor network layer, the mother ship attitude control layer, the communication management layer, the underwater operation end and sensor network layer and the mother ship attitude control layer are sequentially connected through lines; the method integrates inertial navigation, visual measurement, event-triggered communication and adaptive filtering technologies, realizes high-precision attitude synchronization and stable operation of the ship and the underwater operation device in sea conditions of four levels and below, and can be widely applied to marine ecological engineering scenes such as seaweed bed restoration, coral transplantation and submerged vegetation reconstruction. And the operation efficiency and the environmental adaptability are effectively improved.

The invention discloses a side slope rainwater circulation system based on spongy rainwater utilization, which relates to the technical field of side slope ecological engineering and comprises a water quality monitoring and grading module, a multi-stage water storage processing module, an intelligent irrigation decision module, a water source dispatching and distributing module and a drip irrigation execution module. According to the system, efficient utilization and accurate distribution of slope rainwater resources are achieved through the intelligent water source dispatching and distributing module, the system can dynamically select the optimal water source unit according to real-time water quality monitoring data and water use requests, reasonable distribution of the water resources is ensured through a grading response strategy, and the water resource utilization rate is improved. When the water consumption demand exceeds the available water consumption of a single water storage unit, the system can automatically generate a new water consumption request, water consumption interruption caused by insufficient water sources is avoided, meanwhile, by monitoring the water level of the water storage unit in real time and calculating the safety capacity margin, the system can effectively prevent and control the water level risk, and stable operation of the system is ensured.

The invention relates to the technical field of wetland ecological engineering, and discloses a constructed wetland comprehensive development system and method, computer equipment, a medium and a product, and the system comprises a multi-business collaborative coupling physical space configuration layer which is used for carrying out function division and space facility layout design in a target wetland region based on a multi-business collaborative coupling principle, a multi-business infrastructure is constructed based on function partition and spatial layout design; and the dynamic regulation and control center is in communication connection with the multi-business-state collaborative coupling physical space configuration layer, and the dynamic regulation and control center is used for collecting multi-source data of the multi-business-state collaborative coupling physical space configuration layer, monitoring the multi-business-state collaborative coupling physical space configuration layer in real time based on the multi-source data, dynamically coordinating operation of each business state and optimizing resource configuration. According to the invention, multi-business deep fusion is realized, intelligent dynamic regulation and control capability is realized, long-term stable operation of the system is guaranteed, and comprehensive economic, ecological and social benefits are improved.

The invention relates to the technical field of marine ecological engineering, in particular to a marine coral reef ecological restoration method based on a foamed aluminum base material, which comprises the following steps: preparing a modified foamed aluminum main body structure, constructing a modified bioactive surface layer, filling a modified phase change material capsule, and putting a restoration unit. According to the invention, the foamed aluminum main body structure provides a stable three-dimensional through porous network, and a natural reef habitat environment is simulated; a hydroxyapatite coating or a polymer layer constructed on the surface of the coral bone-imitating material remarkably improves the coral larva attachment and colonization efficiency through coral bone-imitating inorganic components or specific polypeptides respectively; the phase-change material capsules filled inside buffer water temperature fluctuation through phase-change latent heat, a stable micro-thermal environment is provided for coral growth, the functions of all the components are complementary and synergistic, foamed aluminum provides a carrier for surface functionalization, the surface active layer optimizes a biological interface, the internal temperature adjusting unit guarantees ecological suitability, and an efficient repairing system is formed. The coral reef ecological restoration effect is obviously improved.

The invention relates to the technical field of saline-alkali land treatment and ecological engineering, in particular to a wind-sand-resistant self-adaptive saline-alkali land concealed pipe drainage system which comprises a water collecting pipe, a plurality of water seepage pipes and a photovoltaic power supply assembly. The drainage monitoring system and the sensing units are in signal connection with each other, the sensing units are arranged in the water collecting pipe and the water seepage pipe, and the photovoltaic power supply assembly is electrically connected with the sensing units; the photovoltaic power supply assembly is provided with a power monitoring module and a cleaning assembly. The drainage monitoring system comprises a data acquisition module, a salt migration analysis module and a control execution module. Energy supply is guaranteed through the wind-sand-resistant design and the self-cleaning function of the photovoltaic power supply assembly, parameters such as water flow and salt concentration are monitored in real time in combination with the sensing unit, the drainage strategy is dynamically regulated and controlled through the drainage monitoring system, and efficient discharge of saline-alkali soil salt and stable operation in the wind-sand environment are achieved.

The invention provides a wetland flagship species habitat restoration method based on corridor construction. Belongs to the technical field of wetland ecological engineering. The method specifically comprises the following steps: 1, site selection of a restoration area and comparative background investigation; 2, riverbed stair transformation and local micro-landform construction; 3, seasonal hydrological regulation and vegetation directional assembly; 4, food source organism allocation and bionic nest site building; and 5, corridor coverage type management and control and sustainability evaluation are carried out. The method is clear in principle and high in operability, the ecological corridor between the natural wetland plaques can be effectively constructed through the degraded wetland, targeted supply of food source biological resources is achieved, the construction thought conforms to the close-to-nature restoration concept, and no engineering potential safety hazards or risks disturbing health of ecological systems of natural habitats of wetland flagship species exist.

The invention discloses a protective coating treating agent, a protective coating treating fluid, modified forage and a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of ecological engineering. The protective coating treating agent comprises a first component, a second component and a third component in a mass ratio of 10: (0.5-2.5): (1-3), the first component is a natural polymer film-forming material; the second component is a plant-derived functional anti-degradation agent; and the third component is a natural mineral particle reinforcing agent. The protective coating treating agent containing the components is prepared into a protective coating treating fluid, and then the protective coating treating fluid is coated on the surface of forage to form a protective coating, so that the aging resistance of the straw checks in environments of high temperature, strong ultraviolet rays, sand erosion and microbial erosion can be remarkably improved, the service life of the straw checks is prolonged, and the service life of the straw checks is prolonged. And the operation and maintenance cost of ecological restoration engineering is reduced. The straw checkerboard with the protective coating can be widely applied to ecological engineering construction such as treatment of railways, highways and sand source areas in arid and windy sand areas.

The invention discloses an alpine meadow ecological construction maintenance method, which relates to the technical field of ecological engineering, and comprises the following steps: cutting a meadow by using cutting equipment, and stripping by using stripping equipment; humus soil under meadows is collected after stripping; a meadow intelligent maintenance bin is used for carrying out stockpiling maintenance on the stripped meadow; humus collected after stripping is used for conducting back-laying recovery on the maintained meadow, in the growing period after back-laying of the meadow, potash fertilizer is applied to the meadow, and 1.5-2 kg of potash fertilizer is applied per 400 square meters. According to the construction and maintenance method, the survival rate of the meadow is increased, the construction cost is lower, the construction efficiency is higher, and scientific basis and technical reference can be provided for stripping, stockpiling, maintenance and laying-back work of the alpine meadow in different seasons.

The invention discloses a preparation method of low-alkali plant-growing concrete with full-dosage phosphogypsum and recycled aggregate, and belongs to the technical field of resource utilization of industrial solid waste and building solid waste and ecological building materials. The low-alkali plant-growing concrete containing the full-dosage phosphogypsum and the recycled aggregate is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 180 to 190 parts of semi-hydrated phosphogypsum, 1365 to 1375 parts of the recycled aggregate, 55 to 65 parts of cement, 17 to 22 parts of fly ash, 0.4 to 0.6 part of a water-retaining agent, 32 parts of electrolytic manganese residues and 0.8 to 1.2 parts of a water reducing agent. The low-alkali plant-growing concrete prepared by the invention realizes full utilization of solid wastes, construction of a low-alkali environment and cooperation of a suitable pore structure and plant nutrition supply, and the comprehensive performance meets ecological engineering requirements.

The invention relates to the technical field of ecological engineering, and provides a channel design scheme generation method for small wild animals, which comprises the following steps: determining a channel reference width based on an animal behavior model; converting the geographic elements of the target area into a terrain obstacle area; decomposing the obstacle area through the terrain adaptability unit to generate a habitat module; establishing a module topological connection relationship and generating reference channel lines with uniform directions and a distance as a reference width; and integrating the channel network to form a complete ecological corridor scheme. According to the method, the wild animal migration safety and the habitat connectivity can be improved.

The invention discloses an ecological breakwater impact pressure prediction method based on dimensionless parameter optimization, and relates to the technical field of marine ecological engineering. The method comprises the following steps: collecting measured data of wave characteristics, breakwater structure parameters and corresponding impact pressure under different working conditions, carrying out fitting processing to obtain a first function relational expression between the impact pressure and dimensionless parameters, and defining the dimensionless impact pressure as a ratio of the impact pressure to the wave kinetic energy density; obtaining a second function relation between the dimensionless parameter and the dimensionless impact pressure, constructing an optimization model which takes the minimum dimensionless impact pressure value as an objective function and the dimensionless parameter as an optimization variable, determining an optimal dimensionless parameter combination corresponding to the objective function, and obtaining a dimensionless impact pressure value; and simulating the wave impact process of the to-be-evaluated breakwater in the period T by using CFD, obtaining time series data of the dimensionless impact pressure fitting value, describing the time series data by using a Markov chain model, and obtaining a prediction result of the dimensionless impact pressure at the next moment.

The invention relates to the technical field of building and ecological engineering, and discloses a bamboo-based wetland soft soil roadbed reinforcing method which comprises the following steps: S1, preparing a plurality of bamboo rafts or mortar bamboo pipes for later use; s2, flattening the soft soil roadbed of the wetland to a designed elevation; s3, laying anti-seepage geotechnical cloth; s4, laying the manufactured bamboo rafts or mortar bamboo pipes; s5, laying water seepage geotechnical cloth; s6, if the bamboo rafts are laid in the step S4, gravel soil of 15-25 cm continues to be laid, another layer of bamboo rafts are laid again, and if the mortar bamboo pipes are laid in the step S4, the step is omitted; s7, gravel soil with the thickness of 20-35 cm continues to be laid; and S8, continuously paving the upper-layer pavement. According to the reinforcing method, the rigidity and gap distribution characteristics of bamboo are utilized, the vehicle load is homogenized, the soft foundation bearing capacity is enhanced, the seepage-proof geotextile isolates the soil body, gaps between bamboo layers are communicated with wetland water bodies on the two sides, microorganism exchange and ecological balance are promoted, the material cost is greatly saved, and the construction period is shortened.

The invention discloses a Binjiang coastal wetland waterfowl-oriented habitat comprehensive construction method, and belongs to the technical field of ecological engineering and wetland restoration, and the method comprises the following steps: S1, investigating and analyzing conditions in a selected Binjiang coastal wetland range; s2, in combination with the research result, selecting a target species for demand analysis, and selecting a suitable terrain in a range for reconstruction; s3, based on demand analysis and topographic conditions, multiple technical means are comprehensively applied, and a habitat suitable for inhabiting and breeding of target species is built; s4, building an ecological isolation belt by combining plants or ecological materials, and reducing interference; s5, constructing a monitoring system, performing dynamic monitoring, investigation and evaluation, and summarizing related monitoring data; s6, a habitat protection system is perfected, management and maintenance are carried out, and the ecological function of the built habitat is maintained. The invention discloses a comprehensive construction method for improving habitat construction quality and operability in different scenes and prolonging the service life of a project.

The invention belongs to the technical field of rock-soil and ecological engineering experiments, and particularly relates to a double-sided shear tester for the shear strength of root soil and an experimental method. The sample shearing mechanism is used for placing a sample obtained by in-situ culture of a target soil body; the sample shearing mechanism is arranged in the middle of the main body frame; the sample shearing mechanism comprises a lower fixing ring and an upper fixing ring which are fixed with the main body frame, and a shearing ring which is in horizontal sliding fit with the main body frame, the shearing ring is positioned between the lower fixing ring and the upper fixing ring, the lower fixing ring and the upper fixing ring are coaxially arranged, and when the shearing ring and the lower fixing ring are coaxial, the shearing ring and the upper fixing ring are coaxially arranged. The inner sides of the lower fixing ring, the shearing ring and the upper fixing ring form a cavity for placing a sample; a counter-force unit is arranged in the lower fixing ring, and a pressurizing unit is arranged in the upper fixing ring; one side of the shearing ring is in transmission fit with the movable end of the telescopic mechanism, and a sensor is arranged on the shearing ring; the moving direction of the shearing ring is parallel to the radial direction of the lower fixing ring. The invention further discloses a testing method using the device.

The invention discloses a novel artificial wetland water treatment test method, and particularly relates to the field of environmental protection and ecological engineering. In order to overcome the defects that a traditional constructed wetland is limited by environmental conditions and is insufficient in treatment efficiency, improvement of the purification effect and the regional adaptability serves as a core target, and wetland form optimization, water flow mode improvement, water level adjustment design, filler combination screening, wetland regional adaptability and other work are carried out. An experiment takes acorus calamus as a purification plant, selects common filler to construct different wetland units, and compares and analyzes treatment effects of different subsurface flow modes, and finds that a horizontal-vertical subsurface flow coupling system is better in pollutant removal, and different matrix combinations have different removal effects on different pollutants. The method has the advantages of low operation cost, low cost, simple maintenance and management, reduction of secondary pollution, ecological restoration and environmental value, promotion of the cyclic utilization of water resources, and development of environmental protection and sustainable development.

The invention provides an overflowing structure for ecological reconstruction of a barrage and an energy dissipation design method, and relates to the technical field of water conservancy projects and ecological restoration. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring original hydraulic parameters, landform data, ecological baseline data and transformation constraint conditions of a target barrage; constructing a deep learning model for parameter optimization based on the data; the transformation constraint conditions are input into the trained model for multi-objective optimization calculation, at least one optimization design scheme is generated and output, and the scheme comprises two key evaluation indexes including the overflowing structure form and energy dissipater arrangement parameters and the ecological flow state integrating degree and the structure ecological benefit balance coefficient; and generating a final construction drawing and a technical file based on the optimization design scheme. According to the method, intelligent generation and multi-objective quantitative optimization of an ecological transformation scheme are realized, and the design efficiency and the comprehensive benefits of ecological engineering are effectively improved.

The invention discloses a water resource system toughness multi-factor relation and driving factor identification method comprising the following steps: collecting multi-dimensional basic data of a river research area, and constructing a water resource system toughness comprehensive database; based on the system dynamics model, constructing a causal feedback network of a meteorological-hydrological-social economy-ecology-engineering five-dimensional subsystem, and simulating an internal causal feedback relationship of a water resource system; constructing a coupling degree model, and quantifying the intensity level of interaction among the plurality of subsystems by calculating the coupling degree; performing water resource system toughness influence factor importance evaluation based on a random forest algorithm; a geographic detector is introduced, and main driving factors and action mechanisms of the main driving factors influencing the toughness of the water resource system are analyzed from a spatial perspective. By adopting the identification method, a more scientific and reasonable water resource management strategy can be formulated, the toughness of a water resource system is effectively improved, and the safety and sustainable utilization of water resources are guaranteed.

The invention discloses a wetland nitrogen cycle optimization method and system based on machine learning, and belongs to the technical field of ecological engineering.The method comprises the steps that according to a comprehensive environment data set, a transverse lateral infiltration path and a vertical priority flow path are recognized, spatio-temporal evolution simulation is conducted through a cellular automaton model, and a nitrogen migration path is constructed; analyzing the interaction between the water flow driving flux and the underground water level on the path resistance, and determining the broadening degree of the transverse lateral seepage path; if the widening degree exceeds a preset threshold value, integrating the water body turbulence intensity data and the flow velocity shear effect value, and obtaining a bubble escape rate and a surface sediment disturbance frequency; calculating the nitrogen saturation and the spatial distribution of the sediment particle suspension amount, and obtaining the total re-release flux through flux overlay analysis; and constructing a nitrogen loss flux model in combination with the fluctuation rule, simulating the change of the nitrogen loss proportion, and determining the net nitrogen loss flux. According to the invention, fine monitoring of the dynamic change of wetland nitrogen can be realized.

A method for improving the germination of *Carex lumbricoides* seeds based on nano-zinc oxide initiation belongs to the field of wetland ecological engineering technology. The invention includes the following steps: First, nano-zinc oxide particles with a particle size of 30±10 nm are dispersed in deionized water by ultrasonic oscillation to prepare a suspension of 12.5-200 mg / L; second, collected *Carex lumbricoides* seeds are float-screened, and plump seeds that sink to the bottom are selected and subjected to surface sterilization; subsequently, the sterilized seeds are immersed in the nano-zinc oxide suspension and initiated by agitation under light-proof conditions for 6 or 24 hours, followed by air drying to restore the initial moisture content; finally, the initiated seeds are placed in an artificial climate incubator for germination culture under specific variable temperature and light conditions. This invention utilizes the biocompatibility of nano-zinc oxide and effectively solves the problems of long germination cycles and low germination rates of *Carex lumbricoides* seeds by precisely controlling the initiation concentration and time. This invention has the advantages of simple operation, low cost, and environmental friendliness, and can significantly improve the germination rate and germination percentage, providing high-quality seedlings for the restoration of degraded wetland vegetation.

The application relates to the technical field of environmental science and ecological engineering, and provides an evaluation method for an influence mechanism of cultivated land expansion on a water-carbon trade-off relationship. The method is based on land use data of a preset time period in a dry research area to obtain each cultivated land expansion patch; the CASA model and the PT-JPL model are used to obtain carbon fixation amounts and evaporation amounts of the cultivated land expansion patches, and a water-carbon trade-off degree is evaluated; a water-carbon trade-off degree is used as a dependent variable for detrend processing to obtain a detrended dependent variable; expansion sources, location characteristics and landscape indexes are used as a group of independent variables, the independent variables are processed through multiple collinearity and principal component analysis to obtain a global independent variable group; sorting analysis and grey correlation degree analysis methods are used to evaluate independent influence degrees of each independent variable in the global independent variable group on the dependent variable and comprehensive influence degrees among multiple independent variables. The method realizes accurate evaluation of the influence mechanism of cultivated land expansion in a dry area on a water-carbon trade-off.

The application discloses a circular-truss composite horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland system and relates to the field of ecological engineering. The circular-truss composite horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland system comprises a stepped wetland pool and a anti-blocking assembly. The stepped wetland pool comprises arc-shaped wetland units, water control components and a pipe network unit penetrating through each arc-shaped wetland unit. The anti-blocking assembly comprises a trigger component and a dredging component fixedly connected with the pipe network unit. The circular-truss composite horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland system is applied to the landscape water treatment of a certain city riverside green land, purifies river water and introduces the purified river water into the site for waterscape use, so as to save water resources, optimize the site microclimate and enrich the site habitat. The site spatial form has its own characteristics, mainly taking a circular theme and having rich height differences. In combination with the spatial design scheme, the circular-truss composite horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland with convex or concave circular ring steps is created, land is saved, the subdivided space is prolonged, the processing flow line is lengthened, the purification efficiency is enhanced, the ornamental property of the artificial wetland is beautified, and the pipeline output smoothness is improved through the anti-blocking assembly.

The invention relates to the technical field of urban ecological engineering, and discloses an urban ecological corridor dust retention and noise reduction function collaborative improvement system, which comprises a three-dimensional topographic structure, which comprises an ecological core area and a pollution source, and the ecological core area and the pollution source have a height difference; the composite plant layer structure comprises a pollution source interface layer which comprises a wide hedge belt arranged along the boundary of a pollution source; the core filtering layer is arranged by adopting a pure arbor belt and is arranged on one side, far away from the pollution source, of the pollution source interface layer; the ecological protection layer is arranged by adopting a shrub and grass composite belt and is arranged between one side, far away from the pollution source interface layer, of the core filtering layer and the ecological core area. According to the invention, the terrain gradient evolution and the plant hierarchical structure accurately correspond to form a spatial topology coupling system, so that the terrain fluctuation and the plant community generate a synergistic interaction effect, and the dual functions of PM2.5 retardation and noise attenuation are synchronously enhanced.

The invention belongs to the technical field of lake ecological engineering, and particularly relates to a method for restoring reed population in a lake ecological environment, which comprises the following steps: S1, cleaning garbage in a reed growing area in a lake; s2, cutting the reeds; s3, reseeding the degenerated reed area with reed coverage less than 50% in the lake by adopting a transplanting mode; and S4, repeating the steps S2-S3 in the next year, cradling new reeds, and reseeding new degraded areas. According to the method, through the processes of garbage cleaning, cutting, reseeding, cutting in the next year and reseeding, the problem of'heavy planting and light maintenance 'in traditional restoration is solved, reed population restoration has continuity, and grown reeds have the advantages of increasing biomass, increasing plant height and thickening plant stems.

The invention relates to a method for synergistically enhancing bank slope vegetation water quality purification through arbuscular mycorrhiza and nitrifying bacteria, and belongs to the technical field of water environment ecological management and ecological engineering. The method comprises the following three core steps: preparation of an arbuscular mycorrhiza-nitrifying bacteria immobilized complex microbial inoculant, construction of a bank slope vegetation rhizosphere microhabitat, and cooperative regulation and control of system stabilization and purification functions. According to the method, the rhizosphere microhabitat of the bank slope vegetation is actively intervened by artificially inoculating the fungicide formed by the arbuscular mycorrhiza and the nitrifying bacterium community, and the symbiotic system formed by the arbuscular mycorrhiza-nitrifying bacterium composite community and the plants is utilized, so that the method is environment-friendly, high in cost benefit, simple and stable in operation condition, easy to engineer and suitable for large-scale popularization and application. And an innovative solution is provided for realizing synergistic interaction of bank slope ecological restoration and water quality purification.

The present invention belongs to the technical field of natural material synthesis, and specifically relates to a method for increasing the content of proanthocyanidins in Spirodela. In order to promote the application of Spirodela in ecological engineering, the present invention discloses a method for increasing the content of proanthocyanidins in Spirodela, wherein the proanthocyanidin content of Spirodela is increased by culturing Spirodela with a sugar-containing culture medium, culturing Spirodela with a hormone-containing culture medium, culturing Spirodela with light of different wavelengths, or culturing Spirodela with a nitrogen-deficient and / or phosphorus-deficient culture medium, and the proanthocyanidin content of Spirodela can also be increased by increasing the expression of genes such as 4CL1, F3'H1, F3'H3, F3'H4, ANS1, PAL1, F3'H2, ANR3 and F3H through genetic engineering means. The method of the present invention is helpful for developing and utilizing Spirodela to produce proanthocyanidins, turning Spirodela into treasure, and also provides a theoretical basis for the molecular mechanism of environmental factors regulating the biosynthesis of proanthocyanidins in Spirodela.

The present invention discloses an agricultural ecological intelligent monitoring and control system based on the Internet of Things, which belongs to the field of monitoring technology and includes an image acquisition module for collecting image information of crops in an agricultural ecological engineering park; a data acquisition module for collecting harmful substance content information of soil in the agricultural ecological engineering park; a processing platform for analyzing and processing the acquired harmful substance content information and image information to determine whether the ecological condition in the agricultural ecological engineering park is abnormal; and a control and management module for generating corresponding control levels to control and manage the agricultural ecological engineering park when the ecological condition is abnormal. The present invention performs a comprehensive analysis based on the acquired image information and harmful substance content information to obtain a potential risk value of the monitoring area, and discovers potential ecological problems in the monitoring area based on the potential risk value status, thereby timely regulating and controlling the upcoming ecological abnormality to ensure the economic benefits of the agricultural ecological engineering park.

The invention discloses an ecological restoration device for a three-dimensional latticed marine ranch, which belongs to the technical field of marine ecological engineering and comprises a net cage frame, a biological filtration module, a nutrient solution supply module and a plurality of sensor systems. The biological filtration module consists of an algae agglutination unit and a shellfish filtering unit and is used for purifying water. A tension sensor and a fiber grating sensor array are arranged on the net cage frame, structural stress changes can be monitored in real time, the damaged position of the netting can be accurately positioned, if damage is detected, the system releases humic liquid through a micro valve, plankton and small fishes are attracted to gather, algae and microorganisms are promoted to adhere and grow at the damaged position, and a biological barrier is formed; the self-repairing of the netting is realized. In addition, the device integrates functions of shellfish behavior monitoring, netting cleaning, pH adjusting and the like, so that the ecological restoration efficiency and the system reliability are improved, and the device is suitable for ecological maintenance and culture management of marine ranches.

This invention discloses a method for creating fish habitats based on swarming effects, belonging to the fields of fish ecological engineering and water conservancy engineering. Existing technologies for creating fish habitats suffer from incomplete quantification of swarming behavior and a lack of quantitative correlation with engineering design parameters, leading to habitats that are difficult to match the needs of fish swarming. This invention quantifies spatial aggregation, movement synchronization, and turbulent adaptability, calculates a comprehensive swarming index and a group spatial demand coefficient, establishes a direct conversion model between swarming behavior indicators and habitat design parameters, and determines flow field control methods and structural layout methods based on the comprehensive swarming index and the group spatial demand coefficient, thereby creating fish habitats. This invention can comprehensively characterize swarming behavior, scientifically guide engineering design, and improve habitat applicability and utilization.

This invention relates to the fields of highway ecological engineering and traffic safety engineering technology, and discloses a construction method for ecological buffer zones at highway tunnel entrances. This method involves preliminary surveying to complete the functional zoning design of the buffer zone, followed by sequential implementation of foundation remediation and slope stabilization treatment, construction of a layered buffer structure system, construction of zoned adaptive ecological communities, and construction of a light control and disaster prevention system. Finally, it culminates in quality acceptance and the establishment of a long-term maintenance system. This invention, through a technical approach of "zoning design - structural synergy - functional integration," simultaneously addresses six core pain points at tunnel entrances: abrupt changes in driving light environment, traffic noise pollution, slope instability, road surface pollution, ecological fragmentation, and insufficient emergency disaster prevention. The constructed buffer zone combines multiple functions, including driving safety assurance, ecological restoration, pollution control, and landscape coordination. The construction process is standardized, highly replicable, has a high vegetation survival rate, and low subsequent operation and maintenance costs, meeting the requirements for green highways and ecological transportation construction.

The invention provides a lawn based on lake bottom mud and a construction method and application thereof, and belongs to the field of urban ecological engineering and environmental engineering.The construction method comprises the following steps that S1, a base layer is laid, specifically, lake bottom mud is subjected to particle screening, and bottom mud with the particles larger than 30 mm serves as the base layer to be laid; s2, a bearing layer is laid, specifically, asphalt concrete is laid on the base layer to serve as the bearing layer, and the bearing layer is formed by wrapping round stones with asphalt; s3, laying a buffer layer: 4-5 weeks after the bearing layer is laid, laying lake bottom mud with particles smaller than 30mm on the bearing layer as the buffer layer; s4, planting layer construction: sowing lawn grass seeds, wherein the lawn grass seeds are selected from at least one of ryegrass or cynodon dactylon; according to the method, the lake bottom mud is used as a main planting substrate, so that the purpose of treating waste with waste is achieved, the bottom mud treatment cost is reduced, and a safe, economical and feasible path is provided for lake pollution treatment and ecological restoration.