A method for deep cooling an extruded magnesium-zinc magnesium alloy is provided, and comprises the following steps of: putting the extruded magnesium-zinc magnesium alloy into low-temperature liquid nitrogen or low-temperature helium gas at the temperature of 43 K to 243 K for deep cooling, wherein the deep cooling time is longer than or equal to 2 h; and after deep cooling, taking out the magnesium alloy, and recovering naturally to room temperature. The magnesium-zinc magnesium alloy is an Mg-Zn-X ternary alloy, wherein X is aluminum, lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, promethium, samarium, europium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, thulium, ytterbium or lutetium. The method has the advantages of simple process, convenient operation and low production cost, has great improvement of abrasion resistance, and enables abrasion rate to be reduced by at least more than 30%; and the method is suitable for the industrializing-scale improvement of the abrasion resistance of the magnesium alloy.