68 results about "Wetland soils" patented technology

The invention relates to a method and a system for quantitatively estimating carbon reserves of a native coastal wetland ecosystem. The method comprises the following steps: completing native coastalwetland mapping by adopting multi-source and multi-temporal remote sensing data; obtaining native coastal wetland soil and vegetation samples by adopting a traditional sample plot and quadrat investigation method, and realizing soil carbon reserve space inversion by adopting a geographically weighted regression method; adopting a remote sensing technology to realize biomass inversion of the nativecoastal wetland, and combining a biomass carbon coefficient to realize vegetation carbon reserve estimation of the native coastal wetland; and finally, estimating the carbon reserves of the native coastal wetland by combining the soil carbon reserves and the vegetation carbon reserves. The system and the method break through the limitation that the previous research on the native coastal wetlandis only limited to the estimation of experimental points, greatly improve the estimation precision of the carbon reserves, realize the intuitive and reliable analysis of the spatial heterogeneity andreserves of the carbon reserves, and can provide a scientific basis for the carbon cycle research of an ecological system.

The invention relates to a method using native landscape plants to restore return-land-to-lake wetland soil; phytocoenosis main collocation methods comprise the following 4 modes: 1, landscape plant arbor-shrub-grass interbreed mode, i.e., overstory arbor+middle lamella arbor+ground cover plants; 2, landscape plant arbor-shrub interbreed mode, i.e., overstory arbor+middle lamella arbor+original ground cover plants; 3, shrub-grass interbreed mode, i.e., middle lamella arbor+ground cover plants; 4, ground cover plant single mode, introduction ground cover plants+original ground cover plants. The method introduces fast-growing native landscape tree species so as to fast adapt to the growing environment, thus forming landscape, becoming colony advantage species, and controlling alien species invasion; the method can improve farmland soil physical composition and nutrition status, can eliminate (degrade) residual poisonous and harmful pollutants, thus realizing soil pollution purification under nature conditions, realizing self-restoration, i.e., expressing soil-plant system degrading purifying effect.

The invention discloses a CDI (Capacitive Deionization) based compound type constructed wetland desalination system. The technical scheme of the invention is that a pretreatment system in the compounded type constructed wetland desalination system is connected with a compound vertical flow constructed wetland system by virtue of a pipeline. The pretreatment system is that: the water inlet and the water outlet of a grille (22) are communicated with the water inlet of a corresponding first pressure pump (23) and the water inlet of a CDI device (3) by virtue of pipelines, andthe water outlet of the CDI device (3) is communicated with the water inlet of a compound vertical flow constructed wetland and the water inlet of a salt drying plate (9) respectively through pipelines.A bottom impervious layer (18) of the compound vertical flow constructed wetland system is sequentially provided with a gravel layer (17), a biological ceramisite layer (13), a zeolite layer (12) and a soil layer (11) upwards, the constructedwetland is uniformly separated into 2n+1 vertical flow treatment tanks (7)along the left and right direction, and the tops and the bottoms of the vertical flow treatment tanksare communicated with one another in a staggered manner. The CDI based compound type constructed wetland desalination system disclosed by the invention is environmentallyfriendly, can effectively solve the problem of clogging and saturation of the soil layer of the wetland, and is good in nitrogen and phosphorus removal effect and desalination effect.

The invention discloses a method for restoring degraded wetland vegetation by improved wetland soil seed banks. The method comprises the following steps: 1) according to a principle of adjusting measures to local conditions, selecting a soil seed bank from natural wetland seed banks, wherein the seed density of the seed bank is not less than 5000 grains.m<-2>; 2) mixing soil seed banks with different sources, or adding naturally harvested seeds; 3) preparing a biological rhzomorph; 4) adding the biological rhzomorph obtained in the step 3) to obtain an improved soil seed bank; and 5) covering improved seed bank soil on a wetland with degraded vegetation by adopting an exotic soil method, thereby forming vegetation by natural germination. The method for restoring the degraded wetland by using the soil seed banks, disclosed by the invention, has the following advantages: 1) materials are easy to obtain, the cost is low, and the operation is simple and feasible; 2) a wetland succession law is followed, the degraded wetland vegetation is restored quickly and naturally, and the invasion of alien species is controlled; and 3) multiple species coexist, the structure is stable and can realize self-renewal, and ecological landscapes are rich.

The invention provides a method for sampling wetland soil. The method uses the climate characteristics, the sampling time is selected in the early winter in a seasonal or permanent freeze-thaw zone, the column-core sampling of the wetland soil is carried out by cooperating a gasoline power soil auger and a depth control peat drill when a surface layer of the wetland soil is frozen with at least 20cms of thickness. The frozen wetland surface layer is convenient for depth sampling, the operation is relatively convenient, even the portable vehicles can be carried in the wetland, so that a great deal of sampling time can be saved, the labor intensity of operators can be reduced simultaneously, and the work efficiency is greatly enhanced. In addition, under the condition of freezing the surface layer soil, no disturbance is generated when the activity is carried out on the wetland, more importantly, the collected column-core is easy for forming and segmenting. According to the wetland soil sampling of the Sanjiang Plain wetland proves that the method for sampling wetland soil of the invention is capable of solving the wetland soil sampling problem in the seasonal or permanent freeze-thaw zone.

The invention discloses a tidal wetland soil interstitial water in-situ layered collecting and filtering device, which comprises an equipment embedding system, a water sample layered collecting system, and a water sample pumping and collecting system. The provided collecting and filtering device guarantees the efficiency and quality of wild in-situ soil interstitial water sample collection, has the characteristics of simple manufacturing, low cost, and high performance/cost ratio, and assists the researchers and environmental scientists to carry out wild in-situ soil interstitial water sample layered collection and filtering.

The invention relates to a monitoring device for simulating wetland ecosystem greenhouse gas. The monitoring device comprises a box body and a box cover, wherein the interior of the box body is provided with a wetland soil matrix layer, a wetland plant layer and a wetland water body layer; an air extractor is connected to the box cover; and the wetland soil matrix layer, the wetland plant layer and the wetland water body layer are used for simulating the environment of a monitored wetland ecosystem. The monitoring device has the beneficial effects that the monitoring device is simple in structure, light in weight and convenient to move, and a plurality of parallel tests or a plurality of repeated tests can be set, so that the accuracy of an experimental result is improved; a sealing structure can be taken down at random, so that substance and energy flowing can be carried out on the simulated wetland ecosystem with the outside so as to maintain the wetland ecosystem to be continuously performed, and a sealing structure can be configured, so that a sealing system is formed by the whole set of device so as to make a preparation for accurate measurement; the whole device is smart in design and good in sealing performance, greenhouse gas emission of the corresponding wetland ecosystem can be accurately measured, the device is high in degree of accuracy and simple and convenient in operation, and unified standardized monitoring is conducted conveniently.

The invention discloses a wetland soil sampling device, which is characterized by being provided with a core pipe and a sleeve pipe sleeved outside the core pipe. The core pipe is composed by piecing two symmetrical semicircular half-pipes together. One side of each half-pipe is connected through a rotating shaft, and the other side of each half-pipe is a free end. The sleeve pipe is equipped with a positioning component for fixing the inner pipe. After collecting a soil sample, the soil sample is concentrated in the pipe cavity of the core pipe. During sampling, the core pipe is separated from the sleeve pipe. And after opening one of the half-pipes, the soil layer structure of an original sample can be observed, thus reducing the layer structure variation resulted from frictional flow of soil during sample collecting and sampling processes.

The invention provides a moisture management method for carbon sequestration and carbon sink increase for wetlands, which includes: firstly, selecting a meadow or marsh with logged water on the surface, determining environmental factors of the wed land, determining water content of soil, taking soil for test 5-15cm below surface vegetation on early May, beginning of the year, loading the fresh soil sample below the vegetation with a soil box, and drying the soil to constant weight at about 80 DEG C, wherein soil water content = soil dry weight-soil dry weight/soil dry weightX100%, and the soil water content is required to be 40%-70%; and secondly, determining types of the wetland soil, determining the types to be meadow soil, Baijiang soil or marsh soil, regulating moisture, selecting a water source from underground water or unpolluted river and lake fresh water, and irrigating by direct water diversion through ditches or pumping underground water with a water pump. By the moisture management method, covered rate of the wetland can be increased evidently, vegetation carbon sequestration can be improved, soil carbon storage can be increased, emission of greenhouse gases is reduced,investment is low, cost is low, and the moisture management method is highly applicable.

The invention relates to the technical field of wetland water sample collection, and provides a pore water sampling device which is characterized in that the internal space of a sampling pipe is divided into different water collection cavities for collecting pore water with different depths through a separation plug, a communicating pipe is inserted into the separation plug and is respectively communicated with the different water collection cavities, and a sampling pump is connected with any communicating pipe, so that pore water in different water collection cavities can be collected through the sampling pump, the pore water at different depths can be collected in situ, and the mutual pollution among the pore water at different depths is avoided. After the device is placed at a sampling position, fixed-point continuous sampling can be realized without repeated insertion and extraction, disturbance of repeated insertion and extraction to wetland soil or an original structure of a filter material is avoided, and long-term positioning monitoring of pore water of the soil or the filter material is facilitated.

A method is provided that can amend treatment wetland soils and sediments in order to reduce pollutant export following the use of the wetland for contaminant removal. The method includes the steps of draining at least a portion of a water body and permitting the growth of vegetation on the sediments. Once grown, the resulting biomass is tilled into the soil, and the water body is permitted to re-hydrate. In some instances a portion of the vegetation can be harvested prior to tilling remaining crop residues into the soil. In another embodiment, the draining step occurs naturally.

The invention provides an adsorbent for metal ions in soil of constructed wetland. The adsorbent is formed by mixing A, B and lignosulfonate in the mass ratio being 1:4:2.5, wherein the material A isa citrus peel extract; the material B is modified attapulgite comprising components in parts by weight as follows: 20-30 parts of natural attapulgite, 2-8 parts of a silane coupling agent and 0.5-2 parts of polyaspartic acid. The adsorbent for metal ions in soil of the constructed wetland can improve the adsorption capacity of the wetland soil for metal ions, reduce migration of metal ions in thesoil to plants or water bodies and maintain ecological balance of the constructed wetland after application. Meanwhile, the preparation method of the adsorbent is convenient to operate, low in cost and suitable for promotion and use, and raw materials are easy to obtain.

The invention discloses a method for rebuilding reed wetlands in shallow water, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: (1) selecting reeds as the main wetland plants for rebuilding a reed wetland, and cultivating new reed seedlings to be transplantable reed seedlings with the height of 60 to 90cm by using a routine cultivation method; (2) when the spring weather is at a temperature of below 20 to 25 DEG C, transplanting the transplantable reed seedlings with soils into lakesides submerged into shallow water or wetland soils which are not submerged into shallow water, and building supports around the reed seedlings so as to fix the stems of the reed seedlings on the plant supports; and (3) after the reed seedlings are mature, removing the supports. The method of the invention greatly enhances the survival rate of transplantable wetland plants, and helps the plants to grow upwards; and meanwhile, the rebuilding method has the advantages of environmental protection and no pollution.

The invention relates to a method for repairing an oil polluted wetland by combining arrowhead and oilphilic microorganisms. In the method, arrowhead and special flora are adopted to treat oil polluted soil. The method concretely comprises the following steps of: transplanting arrowhead in the time of young seedling into the oil polluted wetland, after the arrowhead adapts to the soil, adding an oilphilic bacterium suspension into the soil, and removing oil contamination in the soil under the synergistic effect of the oilphilic bacterium and a plant root system. Compared with the traditional soil management method, the method provided by the invention has the advantages of less investment, convenience in operation, less work amount, low technical requirement and no secondary pollution. The repairing process not only can not destroy soil environment but also is beneficial to improving soil degradation and productivity reduction which are caused by petroleum hydrocarbon pollution and recovering and improving biodiversity of soil. Besides, the arrowhead has better ornamental value and economic value. The method has economic value and ornamental value, is used for degradation and removal on wetland petroleum pollutants and has the characteristics of low environmental risk, low cost, high feasibility and the like.

The invention discloses a coastal beach saline-alkali soil conditioner and a preparation process thereof. The preparation process of the soil conditioner mainly comprises the following steps: S1, preparing the complex microbial inoculant; s2, carrying out anaerobic fermentation; s3, preparing a soil conditioner. The invention aims at key elements in coastal tidal flat wetland soil improvement and restoration, wherein the ecological effect of wetland plant litter return is simulated, wetland plant degradation compound bacteria are used for accelerating the degradation process of wetland plants, and the prepared soil conditioner is rich in humus, humic acid and inorganic salt and high in organic carbon content and has the good application prospect. The method can effectively solve the problems of poor coastal mud flat soil, high salt content, single biodiversity, fragile ecosystem and the like, is simple in process flow, low-carbon and environment-friendly, and has very high practical value and economic value.

Provided is a portable monitoring device for wetland soil. The device comprises a lighttight shell and is characterized by further comprising fluorescence sensing film, an optical conducting unit, a CMOS image sensor, a two-dimensional translation guide rail and a data collecting module; the optical conducting unit comprises a plane mirror, an LED light source, an optical lens group and a electricrotary light filter in turn on a light path from the fluorescence sensing film to the CMOS image sensor, under uniform irradiation of exciting light emitted from the LED light source, fluorescent light with a certain wave length is generated from the fluorescence sensing film, the fluorescent light is gathered by the optical lens and filtered by the electric rotary light filter, after that the fluorescent light is received by the CMOS image sensor and undergoes signal transformation, and the data collecting module process the fluorescent light to obtain a detect result. The device can synchronously monitor multiple important geochemistry parameter information in water body, sediment or the wetland soil and other substrates, the device has the advantages that the carry and releasing are convenient, the response time is short, the spatial resolution ratio (millimeter-submillimeter) is high.

The invention relates to the technical field of soil pollution monitoring in the field of environmental protection, in particular to a wetland soil heavy metal intelligent identification and monitoring device which comprises a reaction cylinder, an electrode assembly is embedded in the top end of the reaction cylinder, and three conductive connecting rods are annularly arranged at the top end of the electrode assembly. A control box is jointly installed at the top ends of the three conductive connecting rods, a wire is embedded in the upper end of the control box, the electrode assembly comprises a cylinder cover, and a working electrode is arranged at the lower end of a third connecting column. Water in a large range can be sucked into the reaction cylinder through the water collecting pipe, and liquid is filtered through the filter membrane layer and the inner filter screen, so that solid impurities entering the reaction cylinder can be effectively reduced, the working electrode can react in the reaction cylinder without external interference, the detection precision is improved, the liquid level sensor is mounted in the cylinder shell, and the one-way electromagnetic valve is mounted below the cylinder shell so that soil can be detected randomly in different time periods.

The invention relates to a method and device for utilizing persulfate oxidation and ryegrass to restore polluted wetland soil. The ryegrass is used as a main material, and the persulfate oxidation is adopted to restore the polluted wetland soil. The method and device adopt a highest activation efficiency mode to heat and activate persulfate oxidation so as to remove pyrene in the wetland soil. After the ryegrass is subjected to accelerating germination in a laboratory, spaced sowing with the planting density of 100-120 plants per square meter is conducted on the ryegrass in the polluted wetland soil restored through persulfate oxidation, indoor potted planting is adopted for cultivation, and sampling analysis is performed after 60 days. Compared with a traditional polluted wetland soil physical-chemical method, the method has the advantages of being high in restoration efficiency, low in cost, good in operability, small in environment risk and the like, has good environmental benefit, social benefit and economic benefit and is a new method provided for a pyrene-polluted wetland soil environment.

The invention provides a river-through lake wetland soil moisture content monitoring device and method under a water level fluctuation condition. The river-through lake wetland soil moisture content monitoring device comprises a bearing plate for supporting and mounting the whole device, wheels used for driving the whole device to move are symmetrically arranged on the left side and the right side of the bearing plate correspondingly, a movable cavity is formed in one side of the top of the bearing plate, a sampling device used for sampling soil is arranged in the movable cavity, and a working system used for soil sample detection is arranged on the bearing plate and located on the side face of the sampling device. The device can be used for sampling wetland soil and measuring the moisture content under the condition of lake water level fluctuation, can obtain a detection result in a short time, and provides reliable data for lake treatment.

The invention discloses a construction method of a low-maintenance ecological wetland. The construction method comprises the following steps of 1, performing ecological exploration; 2, constructing an artificial lake; 3, constructing the wetland around the lake; 4, improving wetland soil; 5, planting wetland plants; and 6, constructing hydrologic ecology; According to the construction method of the low-maintenance ecological wetland, the survival rate of plants and the purification capacity of a water body are greatly improved through reasonable plant selection and low-maintenance ecological configuration on the basis of the self-adjusting capacity and the self-organizing capacity of an ecological system, the purpose of water conservation is achieved by conserving water and soil and preventing water and soil loss, and the interference and investment of manpower are reduced, so that an ecological wetland system with low maintenance cost is constructed.

The invention discloses a device for in-situ collection of pore water and gas in sediments and wetland soil. The device comprises a plurality of collection tubes, silicone tubes, a liquid sampling device, a conical head and a cylindrical connecting piece, the collection tube comprises a tube body, a spacing platform, an internal thread, a sampling hole and an external thread; internal threads arearranged on the inner side wall of the top of the pipe body, a spacing platform is fixedly arranged on the outer side wall of the top of the pipe body, external threads matched with the internal threads are arranged at the bottom of the pipe body, and a penetrating sampling hole is formed in one side of the spacing platform. The silicone tubes are fixedly arranged between the spacing platforms ofthe adjacent collecting tubes; the cylindrical connector is arranged at the upper part of the collection tube; the conical head is arranged at the lower part of the collecting tube; the liquid sampling device is arranged at the upper part of the cylindrical connecting piece. The device is a multifunctional device integrating in-situ collection, liquid collection and gas collection, the device is simple and easy to assemble, each assembly unit is light in weight and convenient to carry, the device can be well suitable for indoor and field sampling work, and the operation is simple and efficient.

The invention discloses an environment detection sampling device suitable for wetland soil, which belongs to the technical field of environment detection, and can specially measure the wetland soil with strong flowability. At the beginning, a communication hole and a sample introduction hole are staggered, so that the soil above cannot flow into a sampling area in the process of inserting a square sampling barrel into the wetland soil, elastic triggering balloons are arranged in a distinguishing manner, so that when the sampling areas are deepened to the matched depth, the corresponding communicating holes and the sampling holes can be automatically overlapped and communicated, soil enters the sampling areas to be sampled, and a plurality of sampling areas can be used for correspondingly collecting soil samples with different depths, so that the working efficiency can be greatly improved. When the soil flows into the sampling areas, the communicating hole is staggered from the sample introduction hole again, so that the soil above is effectively prevented from entering the sampling area when the square sampling barrel is taken back upwards, the sampling precision can be remarkably improved, and the accuracy of a detection result can be greatly improved.

The invention relates to an intertidal zone mangrove forest, salt marsh and seaweed bed vegetation-covered coastal wetland soil carbon reserve investigation method, which comprises the following steps of layering and weighing collected columnar soil samples when estimating the carbon reserve, then taking out a first sample and a second sample from the samples in each layer, obtaining the dry weight of a sample containing fine roots by using the first sample and measuring the organic carbon/inorganic carbon/total carbon content of soil without fine roots, obtaining the total mass of the fine roots of each layer by using the second sample, subtracting the total weight of the fine roots from the total dry weight of the sample of each layer to obtain the mass of the sample soil, and further calculating the reserve of the organic carbon/inorganic carbon/total carbon in the soil. According to the method, the influence of plant fine roots in soil carbon reserve investigation is eliminated, the problem of repeated calculation of fine root organic carbon reserves in soil carbon reserve investigation is effectively avoided, and a more accurate investigation method is provided for research of coastal wetland carbon reserves.