123 results about "Wetland vegetation" patented technology

The invention discloses a hydro-fluctuation belt wetland vegetation restoration proper species screening method. The method includes: investigating region vegetation, and preliminarily selecting species suitable for region vegetation restoration from the aspects of life form and growth form of species; adopting a soil seed bank germination experiment to screen to obtain omissive proper plants; inferring proper plants for vegetation restoration of a hydro-fluctuation belt according to vegetation investigation on the hydro-fluctuation belt and the soil seed bank germination experiment of the same; performing a waterlogging tolerance experiment on the proper plants, and screening proper species for region vegetation restoration; according to waterlogging tolerance and region hydrologic changing characteristics, arranging the proper species obtained by screening, and conducting practice demonstration of vegetation restoration. The method is conducive to preventing genetic drift caused by gene flow and maintaining a gene bank of local species stable, less prone to causing intrusion of foreign species and provides technical support and scientific guidance for large-area demonstration and popularization of vegetation restoration in regions like reservoir hydro-fluctuation belts, riparian zones and tidal flat wetland.

The invention provides a method for restoring a slash type degraded wetland. The degraded wetland is restored by adopting one or more of a hydrological connection method, a microrelief transformation method, a matrix recovery method, a vegetation recovery method and a riparian zone slope protection method. According to the specific circumstance of the degraded wetland, the method can comprehensively utilize the whole technical system, and also can separately utilize certain technology. The method improves the landform, a water system, a wetland matrix and the riparian zone environment of the degraded wetland through ecological engineering measures so as to reasonably arrange wetland vegetation from land to open water, construct an optimal wetland vegetation community structure, and effectively improve the stability and the self-maintenance of the degraded wetland.

The invention discloses a Binjiang touring type wetland revegetation mode structure. The Binjiang touring type wetland revegetation mode structure is characterized in that in a river bank, an aquatic plant purifying region is arranged below a high water level, a water edge soil fixation and erosion preventing region is arranged above the high water level, and an overwater forest recovery region is arranged on one far-water side outside the erosion preventing region. In the aquatic plant purifying region, aquatic floating-leaved plants are planted below a normal water level in a naturally scattered growth and close planting mode, and high-stalk emerged plants are planted above the normal water level and below the high water level in a naturally scattered growth and close planting mode. The water edge soil fixation and erosion preventing region is paved with slope protection bricks and the width of the water edge soil fixation and erosion preventing region ranges from 2m to 3m. The overwater forest recovery region is of an ecological simulation community structure formed by natural mixing of wetland trees and shrubs to achieve height matching, color combination, advantage and disadvantage complementation and calobiosis. Touring footpaths and seats for rest are naturally arranged in the river direction in communities. Through meticulous engineering design and scientific plant matching, the Binjiang touring type wetland revegetation mode structure achieves perfect combination of Binjiang hydraulic engineering and wetland revegetation, is important for river bank wetland soil fixation and erosion preventing and environment improvement, and has the advantages of being ecological, beautiful and multifunctional and increasing effect.

The invention relates to a method and a system for quantitatively estimating carbon reserves of a native coastal wetland ecosystem. The method comprises the following steps: completing native coastalwetland mapping by adopting multi-source and multi-temporal remote sensing data; obtaining native coastal wetland soil and vegetation samples by adopting a traditional sample plot and quadrat investigation method, and realizing soil carbon reserve space inversion by adopting a geographically weighted regression method; adopting a remote sensing technology to realize biomass inversion of the nativecoastal wetland, and combining a biomass carbon coefficient to realize vegetation carbon reserve estimation of the native coastal wetland; and finally, estimating the carbon reserves of the native coastal wetland by combining the soil carbon reserves and the vegetation carbon reserves. The system and the method break through the limitation that the previous research on the native coastal wetlandis only limited to the estimation of experimental points, greatly improve the estimation precision of the carbon reserves, realize the intuitive and reliable analysis of the spatial heterogeneity andreserves of the carbon reserves, and can provide a scientific basis for the carbon cycle research of an ecological system.

The invention discloses a method for monitoring the nitrogen concentration of vegetation canopies in a wetland based on a hyperspectral vegetation index. The method comprises the steps of measuring the spectrum, the leaf area index (LAI) and the nitrogen concentration of the vegetation canopies in the wetland; preprocessing a Hyperion hyperspectral remotely sensed image; improving an SAVI (soil adjusted vegetation index) to obtain an SAVI1510; constructing a hyperspectral vegetarian index NDNI/SAVI1510 applied to monitoring on the nitrogen concentration of vegetation canopies in the wetland, wherein the hyperspectral vegetarian index NDNI/SAVI1510 is applied to estimation on the performance of monitoring the nitrogen concentration of vegetation canopies in the wetland; and constructing a model for monitoring the nitrogen concentration of vegetation canopies in the wetland based on the hyperspectral vegetarian index NDNI/SAVI1510. The method for monitoring the nitrogen concentration of vegetation canopies in the wetland based on the hyperspectral vegetation index comprises the beneficial effects that the influence, caused by multiple scattering signals from a complicated background from vegetations in the wetland, on the wetland vegetation canopy nitrogen concentration estimation precision is weakened, and the nitrogen concentration of the vegetation canopies in the wetland can be estimated with high precision.

The invention discloses a degraded lakeside wetland and a restoration technology for the ecological function thereof, belonging to the field of environmental protection and biotechnology. On the basis of generally surveying the current situations of the natural wetland vegetation and plant community of the lakeside, the invention adopts the relative theories of vegetation ecology, restoration ecology and landscape ecology to construct the degraded wetland plant community; the water purification function of the plant is developed and the physical block function of the plant promotes the sediment of the suspended matter in water. Combined with the eco-engineering technology, the invention modifies the estuarine ecosystem by the interception function of the wave breaker, makes good use of the natural purification of the estuarine ecosystem and controls the nutrient input from the running water so as to restore the environmental value, ecology value and economic aesthetics value of the wetland. The restoration technology has the characteristics of strong operability, low cost, low maintenance cost, remarkable landscape value and economic value, and high water purification efficiency, and is suitable for the restoration and the water treatment of the natural wetland ecosystem of the lakeside in China.

The invention discloses a coastal wetland vegetation restoration method. The coastal wetland vegetation restoration method comprises the following steps that 1, an area to be restored is determined, habitat surveying is performed; 2, fences are built around wetland critically degenerated and lightly degenerated for enclosure and livestock reduction; 3, on the basis that an original whole foundation structure of wetland is not destroyed or transformed, local terrain restoration or protection is conducted on regions mediumly degenerated and severely degenerated to achieve wetland habitat building and improvement; 4, restoration of subsided and erosive coastal wetland is performed in the regions mediumly degenerated and severely degenerated; 5, wetland plant communities are built; 6, ecologicisolation belts are built; 7, smooth cordgrass growth is scientifically controlled. Ecological restoration of damaged coastal wetland is performed by using dredged soil, erosive coastal wetland can be reinforced, sediment can be effectively stabilized by building wetland plant communities, a diversified habitat is created, and the ecological environment quality of coastal wetland is improved.

The invention method relates to a method for sieving vegetation recovery species, and belongs to the technical field of biological recovery. According to the method, an index system for sieving the recovery species of wetlands is established, the grading standard and weight of each index are determined, and attribute data of alternative species obtained by the conventional ecological analytical method and literature survey analytical method is graded comprehensively to sieve the recovery species of the wetlands aiming at different sites and recovery targets. The invention provides a special easy, scientific and objective comprehensive evaluation method for sieving the recovery species of the wetlands.

The invention relates to a method for recovering cold temperate zone forest wetland vegetation after extremely severe fire. The method mainly comprises the steps of recovery border determination, field cleaning, tree species selection, seedling planting configuration, soil preparation, seedling planting, tending management and the like. The method for recovering the cold temperate zone forest wetland vegetation after the extremely severe fire aims at solving the problems that spontaneous recovery time is long and retrogressive succession is caused after cold temperate zone ecologically vulnerable area forest wetland severe degeneration, and can recover the vegetation as soon as possible, build an optimized wetland vegetation community structure, effectively improve stability and self maintenance of the degenerated forest wetland, achieve positive succession development, and rapidly recover ecosystem functions.

The invention discloses a wetland vegetation information analysis method, which comprises the following steps: step 100, preprocessing a remote sensing image of wetland vegetation collected by a satellite, and obtaining actually measured data; Step 200, performing classification processing on the remote sensing images by using various remote sensing image classification methods; Step 300, calculating the classification precision of each remote sensing image classification method, and determining the goodness of fit between the remote sensing image and the measured data; Step 400, comprehensively determining an optimal remote sensing image classification method according to the classification precision and the goodness of fit; Step 500, selecting a clustering processing method to carry outdefect processing on the classified remote sensing images; Satellite remote sensing image data in previous years is used as an analysis object; the satellite remote sensing image data are compared with the measured data, the satellite remote sensing image data are processed by using different classification methods, and the classification precision of various classification methods is obtained through calculation, so that the optimal classification method is selected, and the spatial distribution pattern of the vegetation and the vegetation distribution condition change can be obtained.

The invention discloses a wetland data acquisition method and a wetland data acquisition system of a multi-task mode. In the invention, a portable computer is used as a platform, hardware equipment such as a global positioning system (GPS) module, an image acquisition module, an infrared distance measurement module, a wireless communication module and the like and self-developed data acquisition software are combined, and a Bluetooth communication technology, a third generation (3G) network, a GPS technology, a spatial database technology and the like are used for devolvement, so that the method and the system have high capacities of image processing, spatial data acquisition, image acquisition and attribute information entry, wetland outdoor investigation paperless field work can be realized, duplication of labor for indoor office treatment is avoided, and the work efficiency of data acquisition is improved. The conventional data results can be conveniently superposed and called for analysis, and the method and the system are extremely suitable for outdoor field investigation work of a wetland conservation area, such as wetland vegetation distribution investigation, animal resource distribution, water quality detection, hydraulic facilities, wetland data updating, project census and the like. The actual problems of difficulty in acquiring and updating data in wetland protection work are solved.

The invention discloses a method for improving a coastal saline-alkali wetland by papermaking waste. The method comprises the following steps: applying the papermaking waste with grass clippings and sludge to the coastal saline-alkali wetland to be improved, and evenly mixing the papermaking waste with the soil of the coastal saline-alkali wetland to be improved, wherein the papermaking waste is chosen from at least one of the grass clippings and the sludge, the application rate of the papermaking waste with the grass clippings is not more than 1500kg/mu, the application rate of the papermaking waste with the sludge is not more than 2000kg/mu, and the depth applied to the coastal saline-alkali wetland to be improved is 20cm. The method can effectively improve soil structure, improve the content of available nutrients and organic matters in the soil, lower salt content in the soil, and promote recovery of wetland vegetation.

The invention discloses a degraded wetland vegetation recovery method, and belongs to the technical fields of environmental protection and ecological engineering. The method comprises the following steps: conducting background situation survey on a degraded wetland region; selecting healthy wetland with habitat conditions similar to those of degraded wetland as a provenance; conducting soil layingon a degraded wetland soil laying area by means of surface soil, containing a soil seed library, in the provenance, and conducting water supplementing to recover vegetation of the degraded wetland; and the like. According to the method, the soil seed library of the healthy wetland is used for conducting ex-situ recovery on the degraded wetland, a significant recovery effect can be obtained in 1-2years, and the method is easy to operate, good in sustainability, less in manual maintenance and high in success rate, and can be used for future ecological construction and wetland recovery projects.

The invention discloses a three-dimensional visualization device and a three-dimensional visualization method for describing a wetland vegetation eco-hydrology response. The device comprises a database, an input module, a texture editing module, an eco-hydrological model control module, a three-dimensional visualization module and a display module, wherein the database is connected with the inputmodule and receives and stores ground feature distribution data; the texture editing module and the eco-hydrological model control module are respectively connected with the database for receiving and storing the ground feature distribution data into the three-dimensional visualization computing module, and generating and outputting vegetation texture data; the eco-hydrological model control module receives an eco-hydrological model, and generates and outputs eco-hydrological model data; the database receives the vegetation texture data and the eco-hydrological model data, and establishes data information of the vegetation texture and the eco-hydrological model; the three-dimensional visualization computing module is connected with the database, receives the data information of the vegetation texture and the eco-hydrological model, performs grid computing, and generates and outputs a vegetation form, vegetation height and vegetation density of a coenosium of each grid node; and the display module is connected with the three-dimensional visualization computing module, and performs the three-dimensional visualization on the vegetation form, the vegetation height and the vegetation density of the coenosium.

The invention discloses a method for recovering intertidal zone salt marsh wetland. The method includes the steps that a recovery area suitable for wetland recovery and wetland vegetation growth is selected in an intertidal zone; an ecological dam is constructed on the outer edge of the recovery area, and a culvert pipe for communicating the recovery area with the sea area is mounted; part of substrate is dug in the recovery area to form a shallow pond, and part of the substrate is lifted up to form a plant growth area suitable for growth of salt marsh plants; wetland plants are planted in the plant growth area, the culvert pipe is closed in the planting state and the seedling stage, a water pump is utilized to inject water in the shallow pond into wetland in the recovery area, water discharged out of the wetland flows and returns the shallow pond, the wetland and the shallow pond form internal water circulation, and the low water level is maintained; when wetland plants are mature, the culvert pipe is opened, sea tide flow is introduced, tidal water level change is formed, a proper flooding-drying alternating habitat is provided for the formed salt marsh vegetation, and the recovery area is made to gradually recover to the salt marsh wetland. According to the method, earthwork balance, water quantity regulation and other technical means are utilized, the degraded intertidal zone is recovered, and structural and functional stability of a wetland ecological system is improved.

A method for reconstructing and recovering degraded wetland Phragmites australias vegetation by Phragmites australias rootstock transplanting is provided. The invention belongs to wetland vegetation recovery and reconstruction methods, and particularly relates to a method for reconstructing and recovering degraded wetland Phragmites australias vegetation by Phragmites australias rootstock transplanting. The objective of the invention is to solve the problem that the conventional methods for recovering degraded wetlands by using Phragmites australias rootstocks is large in engineering quantity, is long in time, is slow in recovery speed, and is low in the survival rate of seedlings. The method includes: 1, Phragmites australias rootstock digging and storage; 2, turning and preparation of a transplanting land; 3, rootstock transplanting; 4, water supplying after planting, and weed clearing and management. The method is low in cost; in transplanting, a small hole vertical cutting type transplanting manner is adopted, furrow digging and ridge establishment can be avoided, and the engineering quantity is less; management mainly includes plowing and weeding before transplanting, and short-term water supplying and retaining after transplanting, and the working load is less; the method can save time, effort, and money, is fast in recovery speed, and is high in the survival rate of the Phragmites australias, and the survival rate can reach 90%.

The invention discloses a method for restoring degraded wetland vegetation by improved wetland soil seed banks. The method comprises the following steps: 1) according to a principle of adjusting measures to local conditions, selecting a soil seed bank from natural wetland seed banks, wherein the seed density of the seed bank is not less than 5000 grains.m<-2>; 2) mixing soil seed banks with different sources, or adding naturally harvested seeds; 3) preparing a biological rhzomorph; 4) adding the biological rhzomorph obtained in the step 3) to obtain an improved soil seed bank; and 5) covering improved seed bank soil on a wetland with degraded vegetation by adopting an exotic soil method, thereby forming vegetation by natural germination. The method for restoring the degraded wetland by using the soil seed banks, disclosed by the invention, has the following advantages: 1) materials are easy to obtain, the cost is low, and the operation is simple and feasible; 2) a wetland succession law is followed, the degraded wetland vegetation is restored quickly and naturally, and the invasion of alien species is controlled; and 3) multiple species coexist, the structure is stable and can realize self-renewal, and ecological landscapes are rich.

The invention discloses a single root stock bud fast propagation expanding method for miscanthus sacchariflorus. The method comprises the steps of (1) field material selecting, (2) bud body selecting, (3) substrate preparing, (4) seedbed preparing, (5) seed sowing, (6) cultivating and (7) transplanting. A miscanthus sacchariflorus community of wetlands is selected in the step of field material selecting. In the step of bud body selecting, rootstocks taken back from the field is washed through run water to remove soil, and the rootstocks are maintained moist. In the step of seed sowing, selected rootstock sections with buds are sown in a furrow horizontally, and the buds are upward. In the step of cultivating, watering is carried out every one or two days to maintain the moist of the substrates, watering is carried out by spraying, the buds start to germinate after one week, and seedlings can reach 15 cm in two weeks. In the step of transplanting, when the seedlings reach 40 cm after four weeks, four to six leaves are grown on each seedling, and new roots are grown on the rootstocks, plants are dug out from the substrates and transplanted into soil. The method is easy to achieve and easy and convenient to operate, the propagation expanding period is short, the germination rate reaches 80%, and the survival rate of transplanting reaches 98%. The cost is low, a great amount of high-quality seedlings of the miscanthus sacchariflorus can be obtained in a short period of time, and the needs of wetland vegetation recovery and the construction of constructed wetlands and industrial raw material bases are met.

The invention belongs to plant cultivation technology, and particularly relates to a method for cultivating reed stem to sprout in a timely, efficient and quick manner. The method comprises the following steps: reaping stems, establishing a sprouting pool, transporting and storing the stems, cutting the stems and sprouting. According to the method, stems of well-grown reeds which grow in natural communities are chosen during a period between the beginning of June to the middle of July to be cut from the earth surface, and are transported and stored in the manner of bagging and moisture spraying; the stems are cut into small sections with at least two knobs, and bundled into small bundles through hemp ropes; several bundles of small sections are covered with a piece of wet hessian cloth and bundled into a small packet, each small packet is arranged in the sprouting pool which is of suitable size, is heliophobic, and is built with local soil, and the roof of the sprouting pool is covered with wet hessian cloth or straw bag pieces; during the germination period, the sprouting pool is watered once a day, and the hessian cloth or the straw bag pieces is kept wet. According to the invention, the germination percentages of the stems and the knobs have reached 100% and 97.6% respectively, and putrefactive phenomenon of stems and knobs is avoided, so that efficient and quick germination of the reed stems are realized, and reed wetland vegetation is restored and recovered.

The invention discloses a hyperspectral vegetation index monitoring method for wetland vegetation rhizosphere soil microorganisms. The method comprises the following steps: measuring the wetland vegetation rhizosphere soil microorganisms in a monitoring area; preprocessing the hyperspectral remote sensing image, including preprocessing of format conversion, absolute radiance value conversion, atmospheric correction and geometric fine correction; selecting an optimal hyperspectral vegetation index; and estimating the number of wetland vegetation rhizosphere soil microorganisms based on the optimal hyperspectral vegetation index. The beneficial effects of the invention are that: the method has the following beneficial effects: the method is suitable for industrial production; on the basis ofclose correlation between wetland vegetation and rhizosphere soil microorganisms of the wetland vegetation, the spatial distribution condition of the wetland vegetation rhizosphere soil microorganisms on the regional scale can be obtained, so that the limitation that the regional scale microbial community distribution change condition is difficult to obtain and long-term monitoring is carried outby a conventional molecular biological technology is favorably solved.

The invention relates to a planting method for streamside flooding area wetland vegetation, in particular to a planting method for cold region streamside flooding area wetland vegetation. The planting method aims to resolve the problems that vegetation is planted parallel with the river bank in the recovery process of cold region streamside flooding area wetland vegetation, so that a large number of floating objects are wound on the vegetation when the river has a flood, the vegetation is rolled and beaten down by the flood and drift ice and even fully buried or pulled from the roots, and the primarily recovered wetland vegetation is catastrophically damaged. The planting method includes the steps that firstly, the planting direction of the vegetation is determined; secondly, plants are planted, and the planting method for the cold region streamside flooding area wetland vegetation is finished. The flood overflowing direction and the plant row direction are organically combined, a close planting method is adopted in each plant strip area, floating and suspension objects carried by the river flood can be effectively intercepted, the water quality of the river is improved, the interspecific competitive capacity in the recovery period of the plants is improved, and the recovery effect is improved.

The invention discloses a wetland vegetation protection or restoration and reconstruction method. The method includes: by weight, taking 10 parts of water, adding 2-5 parts of yellow clay, mixing the materials fully, adding 0.5-2 parts of a water retaining agent, mixing them evenly to obtain an adhesive, adding 0.01-0.5 part of a wetland vegetation seed into 100 parts by weight of the adhesive, mixing the materials evenly, then applying the mixture to a seed paper, and performing airing for standby use, selecting a plot suitable for restoration as a burial area, spreading the seed in the burial area, and conducting covering with 1-2cm soil. The method provided by the invention adopts the seed paper as the carrier to conduct wetland vegetation restoration. For arid area wetland plants, the needed provenance can be supplemented and restored artificially, seeds can be fixed at an optimal growth area, thus avoiding drifting of seeds along with water or wind. Especially the restoration time and area are controllable, thus being conducive to creating the best germination conditions for seeds. At the same time, nutrients can be supplemented to provide the basic condition for seed rapid growth. Thus, the protection or restoration and reconstruction effect can be good.