332 results about "Biodiversity" patented technology

The invention relates to a method for constructing a deep pool and a shoal in a straight river channel. In the method, a spur dike is arranged on the left bank side of the straight river channel, a bank slope on the opposite bank of the spur dike is protected by riprap, a diving guide wall is arranged on the left and right banks of the downstream side of the spur dike respectively, the discharge cross section of the river channel is shortened by the spur dike to increase the flow rate of water flow, the bottom of a river bed of a river reach between the diving guide walls on the downstream side of the spur dike is continuously scoured to naturally form the deep pool, and a dead water area or slow flow water area formed between the diving guide wall and the river bank becomes the shoal through long-term deposition. The method has the advantages that: the deep pool is naturally formed and becomes a rest place for aquatic organisms such as fishes and the like, and can become a shelter for the aquatic organisms such as the fishes and the like in a flood period; plants can be planted on the shoal, and the shoal can become an organism habitat different from the deep pool; and the complexity of a river channel structure and water conservation condition diversity can be increased or repaired, and river biodiversity, population composition and rare species conservation are facilitated.

The invention discloses a construction method for ecological restoration of riparian vegetation of mountain rivers. The method includes the following steps: (1), for restoration of aquatic vegetation, dispersedly planting potamogetonaceae and hydrocharitaceae submerged plants high in washing-out resistance in a project region; (2) for restoration of riverway rock and boulder vegetation, planting wetland plants strong in washing-out resistance in rock and boulder regions and the like in a riverway in the project region; (3) for restoration of waterfront plants, planting emerging plants and aquatic plants with washing-out resistance and deep roots between the riparian normal water level and the two-year flood level in the projection region; (4) for restoration of riparian vegetation, planting waterlogging-tolerance trees and shrubs of juglandaceae, betulaceae and the like between the two-year flood level and the 20-year flood level in the project region, and planting gramineae and cyperaceae herbaceous plants with deep roots in ground covers. By the method, the ecological problems about riparian water and soil erosion, weak river's self-purification capacity, sharp decline in biodiversity and the like are solved effectively, feasible and effective ecological remediation measures are provided for natural restoration and reconstruction of river banks and riverways.

The invention discloses a reconstruction method of submerged plant communities in shallow lakes. The method comprises the steps of field investigation, plant community construction, plant community regulation and control and maintenance and management. According to site conditions comprising water quality, topography and community composition investigated in field, firstly lakes to be restored are partitioned according to topographic conditions, such as water depth and the like; then suitable submerged plant species, planting methods and planting time are selected according to environment conditions of all zones; community construction is performed; manual regulation and control and management on the plants through modes of adding, replanting and submerged plant replacing, so that the plants can maintain certain biomass and biodiversity; finally a stable submerged plant community is formed. The method is simple and easy to operate, and has good application value.

The invention discloses a method for comprehensive treatment of a town river way. The method comprises exogenous pollution control: sewage draining outlet pretreatment and branch surge pretreatment; endogenous pollution removal: bottom mud pollutant treatment and biological purification of polluted water; in-situ remediation of a river channel ecological system: ecological restoration of aquatic plants and restoration of aquatic animals; and supplemented feeding of an efficient microbial agent and ecological restoration monitoring of the river channel. A staged treatment principle is adopted for the method for comprehensive treatment of the town river way, conditions are created positively to gradually reduce river channel pollution; through the exogenous pollution control, the endogenous pollution removal, the in-situ remediation of the river channel ecological system, later period maintenance and ecological regulation and the like, a water system is made smooth, the river channel is made clean, the ecological system is established artificially, the self-cleaning capacity of the river channel is restored gradually, healthy water circulation of the river channel is achieved, biodiversity is promoted, and virtuous circle of the town and country environment and the ecological system is promoted.

The invention relates to an ecological restoration partition method through combination of dominant ecological functions and ecological degradation degree. Original data of an area under research are acquired, preprocessing and information extraction are performed on the original data and an underlying data graph is drawn; four ecological function elements of water conservation, wind prevention and sand fixation, soil conservation and biodiversity maintenance are calculated; the ecological degradation degree is calculated and an ecological degradation degree graph is generated; an ecological restoration partition is divided into three levels and a partition graph of each level is generated; and the partition graphs of all levels are superposed so that a final ecological restoration partition graph is generated. According to the method, the limitation that the conventional ecological function partitioning only focuses on the main service function spatial layout of an ecological system can be overcome so that quantitative division of the ecological restoration partition can be realized, the targeted performance and the accuracy of the ecological restoration engineering can be enhanced and manpower and material resources can be saved.

The invention discloses a method for controlling weeds in a tea garden, which comprises the following steps: first, plowing is carried out on the ground between tea plant rows in winter to remove root systems of the weeds such as nutgrass flatsedge, alligator alternanthera, greenbrier, chinaroot greenbrier, cogongrass, smartweed, lygodium and the like; a high-quality organic fertilizer is applied in spring: a certain amount of rape seed cake fertilizer is broadcast; the ground is covered with rice straws in spring: after the rape seed cake fertilizer is broadcast, all tea plant rows in the garden are immediately evenly covered with a certain amount of the rice straws; the high-quality organic fertilizer is applied in summer: a proper amount of the rape seed cake fertilizer is broadcast at a certain time; and the ground is covered with the rice straws in summer: after the rape seed cake fertilizer is broadcast, all tea plant rows are immediately evenly covered with a certain amount of the rice straws. The method enriches biodiversity of the tea garden, improves the ecological condition of the tea garden, increases tea yield, improves the quality of tea leaves; in addition, the method has the advantage of simple operation, is easy to be accepted by tea growers and has great popularization and application prospect.

A method of ecological construction of an upright revetment-type lakeside zone is characterized by includes the steps, in lakeside zone water: a, choosing an upright revetment; b, fixing a stepped plant floating bed; c, establishing an aquatic zone; d, setting up an anti-wave layer; e, suspending a wave dissipation layer; f, suspending a movable wave dissipation layer; and g, removing the anti-wave layer, the wave dissipation layer and the movable wave dissipation layer. By the method, a plant space reasonable in configuration is provided, biodiversity is improved effectively, wave resistanceis high, the lakeside water landscape zone is enlarged, water environment is beautified and improved, pollution is avoided, and evident environmental, economic and social benefits are achieved. The method is applicable to water ecological restoration of lakeside zones at hard coastlines of rivers, lakes, reservoirs and the like.

The invention relates to a control method of spartina alterniflora, belonging to the technical field of ecological engineering. Spartina alterniflora is artificially introduced in China in the 1980s, and plays a positive role for damping waves, protecting slopes, promoting deposition and reclaiming lands on Chinese coastline, however, as an alien invasive species recognized internationally, the population characters of powerful breeding and rapid extending ability of the spartina alterniflora bring a series of negative effects to the natural wetlands ecosystem of Chinese coastal tidal land and the regional biodiversity; and control of the spartina alterniflora is already a universal problem. The prior single physical, biological or chemical control method has the disadvantages of low efficiency, high environmental pollution risk, low ecological safety, high cost and unobvious control effect. The invention overcomes the disadvantages of the prior preventing and controlling techniques, and utilizes the comprehensive control method of cradling and water level regulating, eradicates the invasive species and controls the growth and rapid extension of the invasive species through restraining the growth of spartina alterniflora, plays an active restoring role to the ecological system destroyed in large areas, and provides an efficient path for preventing spartina alterniflora from spreading extensively in coastal areas.

The invention discloses a method for regulating and controlling a pattern of a protective forest system. The method comprises the following steps of: 1, acquiring land utilization landscape characteristics of a river basin in each period, and analyzing the evolution characteristics of the land utilization pattern of the river basin; 2, analyzing the driving factors of the change of the landscape type of the river basin and the main driving power of the change of the land utilization of the river basin by a principal component analysis method; 3, analyzing and comparing the condition of the ecological service function of the river basin in each period in the aspects of water source conservation, soil conservation, carbon fixation and oxygen release, nutrient substance accumulation, atmospheric environment purification and biodiversity protection; and 4, performing dynamic simulation by using a gray linear planning method and a Clue-s model to acquire the landscape optimized configuration scheme of the river basin. By processing satellite images in different time sequences, the relation between the change of a landscape pattern and natural, social and economic activities is uncovered, a driving mechanism which influences the evolution of the landscape pattern is analyzed, and the method for regulating and controlling the pattern of the protective forest system on the basis of landscape ecology is constructed.

The invention relates to a method of controlling the invasion of spartina alterniflora and restoring the ecological environment of mangrove by adopting the sonneratia apetala. The method is characterized by the steps: (1) pretreating the tidal flat of the spartina alterniflora invasion according to the requirement; (2) preparing the nursery stock of the sonneratia apetala; (3) planting the nursery stock of the sonneratia apetala according to the site condition and the thickness of the spartina alterniflora; (4) supporting and fixing the planted nursery stock; (5) pruning the undergrowth spartina alterniflora and planting the native mangrove after the crown closure and the fade-away or the complete fade-away of the spartina alterniflora. The spartina alterniflora starts the crown closure after a plantation of 1-1.5 years, the native mangrove including bruguiera gymnorrhiza and kandelia candel in the undergrowth of the spartina alterniflora can be planted after the sonneratia apetala gradually recesses to promote the formation of the community of rich biodiversity. The method adopts the fast-growing pioneer species of the sonneratia apetala to compete with the spartina alterniflora for fertilizer, water and sunlight, so as to cause the spartina alterniflora decline or death. The adopted sonneratia apetala has long growth period, large biomass, high stress resistance, easy plantation and good weed-suppressive effect.

Numerous different types of waste compositions generally in an aqueous environment are bio-remediated under aerobic conditions utilizing highly diverse and multiple microorganisms within a reactor. The process is carried out with the microorganisms attached or bound by a variety of different surface characteristics to packing substrates, located within the reactor, having high surface areas and high porosity in the form of small micropores. Multiple different types of substrates are utilized that include minerals, carbon compounds, polymers and plastics, ceramics, metals, and the like and shapes thereof are utilized that efficiently dissolve air into the water. The reactors desirably have multiple bio-remediation stages therein. The reactor also contains at least one perforated chimney through which air can flow and optimize dissolving oxygen into the aqueous environment of the various bio-remediation stages. The reactors house maximum biodiversity to bio-remediate waste compositions in various wastewaters encountered from industrial, commercial, municipal and residential sources.

The invention discloses an artificial propagation technology of mallambyx raddei dastarcus helophoroides and a technology for applying dastarcus helophoroides for controlling mallambyx raddei. The propagation technology comprises the following steps: feeding imagoes of mallambyx raddei dastarcus helophoroides in the environment with the temperature of 24-26 DEG C and the humidity of 58-62 percent and inducing the imagoes to lay eggs; and utilizing substitute hosts for propagation after larvas of the mallambyx raddei dastarcus helophoroides are hatched to enable the larvas to be imagoes. Eggs or imagoes of the mallambyx raddei dastarcus helophoroides can be released for controlling the mallambyx raddei when utilizing the mallambyx raddei dastarcus helophoroides to control Quercus spp. trunk-decaying pest which is mallambyx raddei. An application method comprises following steps: eggs of the mallambyx raddei dastarcus helophoroides are prepared into egg releasing cards to release or imagoes are prepared to be imago releasing bags to release, the egg releasing cards or the imago releasing bags can be stored at low temperature for long time for backup, and the control effect after the application is obvious. The biological control technology is environmental-friendly, protects biodiversity and can persistently and effectively prevent and control the mallambyx raddei.

The invention discloses an ecological restoration method for a municipal eutrophicated river. The method comprises the following steps: arranging a barring and controlling water level system at a barring and controlling water gate of the river; in the main stem of the river, piling cubic meters of earth obtained after desilting to form an along-river gentle slope and a river-center island, wherein a bank slope ratio is 1: 2.5 to 1: 5, and a shoal water zone and a deep and broad water zone are successively formed from a dam of the river to the center of the river; carrying out rock mound type and jack-like concrete block type bottom shape reconstruction on the slope surface of the along-river gentle slope; constructing embankment-zone aquatic plant zones at the river-center island and the along-river gentle slope having undergone bottom shape reconstruction and constructing a plant floating bed bio-zone in an along-river zone; and releasing filter-feeding and omnivore fish, shellfish and shrimps. With the restoration method provided by the invention, the water quality of the river is improved from class IV and V to class III or a higher class; biodiversity of a water area is increase by more than 2 times; the river has better capability in smooth regulation of water storage and flood discharge; and a water system has the further improved functions of underground water supplement, carbon immobilization, oxygen release, climate adjustment, water conservation, etc.

The invention discloses a spray sowing ecological restoration method for a stone side slope of a highway, comprising the following restoration steps of: trimming a side slope; hanging a mesh; carrying out primary mixed spraying; carrying out secondary mixed spraying; covering; and maintaining. According to the method, the most space of a rock stratum is filled with the prepared mixed matrix and the shrub grassroots due to the primary mixed spraying, so that the matrix and grass shrub adhering space can be increased for the secondary mixed spraying, the rock stratum can be further stabilized and the vegetation growing space can be increased; by adjusting the proportion of the binder in the mixed matrix, the lubrication action can be played in the mixed pulp, the caking of fiber can be avoided, thereby facilitating the mixed spraying operation and enhancing the adhesive force between the fiber and the soil after spray sowing; and the thickness of the adhesion matrix can be effectively increased due to the secondary mixed spraying, so that the grass shrub vegetation can be planted within the reasonable space of the matrix. According to the two-time mixed spraying technology of the method, the soil erosion and the slope surface collapse can be furthest avoided, the ecological community with biodiversity can be built, and the greening effect and the ecological benefit can be greatly improved.

The invention relates to a pesticide production method, and provides a plant insecticide bactericide which has the functions of removing the pesticide residue, supplementing calcium and increasing nutrition and yield. The plant insecticide bactericide comprises the following raw materials: calcined oyster shell calcined at high temperature of 1500 DEG.C for later use, 30-40% of tobacco stem, 35-55% of radix sophorae flavescentis, 10-30% of Chinaberry bark and root-bark, 20-25% of angelica, 25-30% of rehmannia glutinosa, 28-30% of astragalus membranaceus, 15-20% of medlar, 25-30% of rhizoma atractylodis macrocephalae, 25-30% of glossy privet fruit, 28-30% of dandelion, 15-20% of caulis lonicerae, 13-20% of bunge corydalis, 20-30% of rhizoma fagopyri dibotryis, 15-20% of liquorice, 15-20% of codonopsis pilosula, 25-30% of patrinia scaniosaefolia, 25-30% of oriental wormwood, 20-30% of castor-oil plant and 20-30% of swallow leaf; all the traditional Chinese medicinal materials are compounded to form a biodiversity preparation, the preparation is pesticide and is an optimum medicine for assisting plant nutrition and strengthening the body resistance (boosting immunity).

The invention discloses a method for building an ecological littoral zone in a buffer area. The method comprises building of gabions, a low pond, multiple ponds and a retention canal. The method comprises the following specific steps: (1) a gabion area is built, wherein the gabions are built between a normal water level of a river and a level of a flood occurring every two years, and emergent aquatic plants are planted in gaps between the gabions; (2) the low pond is built, wherein a low area which is 20cm lower than the gabion area and 20cm lower than foundations of the multiple ponds is built between the level of the flood occurring every two years and the level of a flood occurring every twenty years; (3) a multi-pond system is built, wherein two rows of pond systems are built in the low pond area, substrate improvement is conducted, submerged plants are closely planted in the ponds, and the emergent aquatic plants are planted on the foundations and the circumferences of the ponds; (4) the retention canal is built, wherein the retention canal is built along the outside of the level of the flood occurring every twenty years. The method effectively solves the ecological problems that a surface source of a gentle slope area of the river is severely polluted, landscapes are poor, the biodiversity is reduced and water and soil loss occurs, and offers a feasible and efficient ecological restoration measure for recovery and reconstruction of a hydro-fluctuation belt.

The present invention belongs to the field of garden technology, and is especially method of constructing biological passage way for small wild mammal to migrate in subtropical city. The biological passage way is one 15-20 m wide green belt in symmetrical structure with dense outside and sparse inside. It consists of two marginal belts of dense complex mixed forest in 5-6 m width, one middle core belt of sparse small tree in 1-2 width, and two buffering belts between each of the marginal belts and the core belt of sparse shrub in 2-3 width. Constructing biological passage way for small wild mammal to migrate in subtropical city can raise the biodiversity and promote ecological balance in city.

Particularly applicable to the implementation of sustainability requirements concerning on the promotion of the use of bioproduct from renewable sources, through the system and method described is possible to ensure that the origin of raw materials is sustainable (according to a previously defined sustainability requirements), avoiding travel to the area of interest, thus saving time and economic costs and preventing errors and fraud. More specifically, the system and method object of the invention are particularly applicable for identifying those areas that comply with said sustainability requirements. Said sustainability requirements state that raw material intended for bioproduct shall not be made from lands with a high biodiversity, high carbon stock or peatlands, and bearing in mind additionally the land use requirement.

The invention relates to an ecological draining and irrigating canal of a farmland. The ecological draining and irrigating canal of the farmland comprises an earthy canal and a water running system, wherein the surface layer of the earthy canal is an ecological layer which is formed by mixing earth with crop straws, local shrub and herbaceous plant straws and grass seeds and then compacting; the water running system comprises at least two construction pipelines which are vertical to the extending direction of the earthy canal, and the construction pipelines are pairwise oppositely arranged; one end of each construction pipeline exposes from an inner trough of the earthy canal, and the other end of each construction pipe is embedded into the earthy canal to be connected with the farmland; water valves are arranged at two ends of the construction pipelines; water outlets in two ends of the construction pipes are wrapped with filtering parts. According to the ecological draining and irrigating canal of the farmland, the purposes of adjusting the water balance of the farmland, transferring and storing rainwater and water drained from the farmland to achieve recycling, controlling nitrogen and phosphorus non-point source pollution of water drained in farmland irrigating, and increasing the biodiversity of an ecological system of the farmland can be achieved.

The invention discloses a method for integrated culture of rice-finless eel-crayfishp-trionyx sinensis. The method comprises the following steps: placing myriophyllum aquaticum in a ring-shaped ditchof a paddy field; putting crayfish seedlings in April or August, putting trionyx sinensis seedlings and cipangopaludina cahayensis in May, and putting finless eel seedlings in late June to early July;performing feeding; and catching crayfish in early June or early October, and catching finless eels and trionyx sinensis in November to December. According to the method for integrated culture of therice-finless eel-crayfish-trionyx sinensis, ecosystem biodiversity of the paddy field is improved, cannibalism degree of the crayfish is reduced, requirement for live baits of the finless eels and the trionyx sinensis is satisfied; and the method has the advantages of higher biological diversity, easy catching, adequate supply of live baits, more stable culture yields, higher economic benefits, and the likes.

The invention provides a method for constructing a mangrove forest on aquaculture pollution mud flat. Avicennia marina seedlings are planted on the low tide zone of the aquaculture sewage pollution mud flat; laguncularia racemosa seedlings and kenaelia candel seedlings are planted on the moderate tide zone to form a mixed forest; rhizophora stylosa seedlings, excoecaria agallocha seedlings and millettia pinnata seedlings are planted on the high tide zone to form a mixed forest; according to the mixed planting method of the rhizophora stylosa seedlings, the excoecaria agallocha seedlings and the millettia pinnata seedlings, a row of rhizophora stylosa, a row of excoecaria agallocha and a row of millettia pinnata are sequentially planted from the sea to the land to serve as an arrangement unit. The method is beneficial to achieving the population heterosis and boundary advantages of various mangrove varieties and promoting growth of the mangrove plants. The mangrove forest is constructed on the aquaculture pollution mud flat, the self-cleaning capacity of an aquaculture system is improved, the aquaculture disease occurrence rate is reduced by 20%, and the output of aquatic products is increased by 10% to 15%; the coastal landscape and ecological environment of the restored mangrove forest wet land attract a lot of birds to inhabit and reproduce, and compared with a traditional afforestation method, the biodiversity and ecological function are remarkably improved.