The present application relates to the technical field of marine mineral resources exploitation equipment, and discloses an environment-friendly shallow clay mine mining device and method, which comprises a ship body, an extraction mechanism connected to the ship body, a supporting mechanism connected to the lower part of the extraction mechanism, a lifting mechanism connected to the supporting mechanism, and a mining mechanism connected to the lower part of the lifting mechanism. The present application adopts an internal-external differential speed self-adaptive stirring mechanism, an outer pot-lid-shaped self-adaptive stirring head drives flexible stirring blades to rotate, and the surrounding clay
slurry is smoothly scraped to the central area. The internal rigid conical stirring head and the external stirring head form
differential rotation, and the central
slurry is forced to be stirred and broken through the spiral guide groove and wedge-shaped stirring fan blades, so that the problem of the "central
dead water area" of traditional equipment is completely eliminated.