276 results about "Low salinity" patented technology

The present invention relates to a method to enhance oil recovery from a hydrocarbon reservoir. One aspect of the invention includes injecting low-salinity water into the reservoir followed by the injection of a surfactant diluted in low-salinity water, and alternating the injections of the low-salinity water and the surfactant diluted in the low-salinity water. A gas is then injected into the reservoir. The invention improves the effectiveness of the surfactant and the gas by reducing the salinity of the reservoir by injecting low-salinity water into the reservoir.

The invention relates to a water circulation system and a method for breeding marine fishes inland, and mainly solves the technical problems of complex process, large investment, high operating cost, large limitation of breeding varieties, low survival rate, slow growth and the like in the process of breeding the marine fishes in fresh water or low salinity salt water at present. A technical scheme comprises the following steps of: a, establishing the water circulation system; b, performing domestication on juvenile fishes of the marine fishes in the low salinity salt water in a gradient mode, namely breeding the juvenile fishes which are bred in the seawater in the brackish water temporarily, formulating a domestication strategy of slowing salinity gradually, and performing domesticationon the juvenile fishes of the marine fishes through three gradients, namely the brackish water phase, the low salinity phase and the ultra-low salinity phase; c, adding a physiological salt preparation, namely adding metal ions which play a key role in osmoregulation into the water or a feed; and d, managing the breeding, namely providing a preference temperature, illumination intensity and a daily illumination period. The water circulation system and the method are mainly used for breeding the marine fishes inland.

The invention relates to a composite oil displacement agent containing a polymer and a cationic / anionic surfactant, and an oil displacement method, and mainly solves a problem of bad oil displacement efficiency of composite oil displacement agents used in the prior art. The composite oil displacement agent containing a polymer and a cationic / anionic surfactant includes the cationic / anionic surfactant, the polymer and water; the cationic / anionic surfactant comprises an anionic surfactant and a cationic surfactant according to a molar ratio of (1-100):1; the anionic surfactant is anyone of sulfonate, carboxylate and phosphate; the cationic surfactant is a quaternary ammonium salt or quaternary ammonium alkali; the polymer is modified polyacrylamide obtained by copolymerizing two monomers of acrylamide, 2-acrylamide-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid, and a molar ratio of the two monomers in the modified polyacrylamide is (1-4):1. The composite oil displacement agent solves the problem and can be used for enhanced oil displacement production of high temperature and low salinity oil reservoirs.

The present invention relates to a method to enhance oil recovery from a hydrocarbon reservoir. One aspect of the invention includes injecting high salinity water into the reservoir followed by alternating the injection of low salinity water and gas.

A mixing apparatus for mixing relatively low salinity fluid with relatively high salinity fluid comprisesa housing having an upper end and a lower end, a fluid inlet at or near the lower end, and a fluid outlet at or near the upper end, wherein the relatively high salinity fluid in use enters the housing through the fluid inlet and is discharged from the housing through the fluid outlet. A feed tube is provided and has a first end connectable to a source of relatively low salinity fluid and second end for introducing relatively low salinity fluid to the housing to mix the relatively high salinity fluid with the relatively low salinity fluid to form a fluid mixture. At least one power generator is associated with the housing, and is driven by the mixing of the relatively high salinity fluid with the relatively low salinity fluid.

A mixing apparatus for mixing relatively low salinity fluid with relatively high salinity fluid comprises a housing having an upper end and a lower end, a fluid inlet at or near the lower end, and a fluid outlet at or near the upper end, wherein the relatively high salinity fluid in use enters the housing through the fluid inlet and is discharged from the housing through the fluid outlet. A feed tube is provided and has a first end connectable to a source of relatively low salinity fluid and second end for introducing relatively low salinity fluid to the housing to mix the relatively high salinity fluid with the relatively low salinity fluid to form a fluid mixture. At least one power generator is associated with the housing, and is driven by the mixing of the relatively high salinity fluid with the relatively low salinity fluid.

A desalination plant, includes a sea water intake, a desalination unit having a reverse osmosis or a thermal desalination unit, a fresh water outlet and a brine outlet. The plant also includes a salinity gradient power unit having a brine inlet, a seawater inlet and a mixed water outlet. The brine outlet is connected to the brine inlet and the salinity gradient power unit is arranged to generate an electrical current. A solar power heater is between the brine outlet and the brine inlet. A method for reducing the power consumption of a desalination plant providing fresh water and brine from sea water, includes a first step of providing a salinity gradient power unit, a next step of feeding the salinity gradient power unit with brine from the desalination plant as high salinity feed and sea water as low salinity feed. A subsequent step heats the brine with solar power prior to feeding the brine to the salinity gradient power unit, followed by the steps of generating an electrical current in the salinity gradient power unit and using the electrical current as an energy source for the desalination plant.

The invention discloses a membrane-process integration salt recovering and biochemical processing method for waste water from high-salinity epoxy resin production, purifying and splitting waste water, i.e. processing the washing waste waters of different salinities and concentrations, respectively: concentrating little amounts of waste water with high salinity and high concentration by membrance distillation integration technique and screening out salt; preprocessing large amounts of rinsing waste water with low salinity and low concentration of organic matters and then processing in a two-stage biochemical processing system, to meet the specified effluent standard. And it largely solves the problem of serious inhibition of high-salinity organic waste water to the biotreatment and adopts salt recovering and water recycling processes, and large amounts of waste heat can serve as a heat source of membrane distillation and the afterheat of the waste water can be used by the membrane distillation.

The method for enhanced oil recovery by in situ carbon dioxide generation utilizes a chelating fluid injected into an oil reservoir through a fluid injection system. The chelating fluid is a low pH solution of a polyamino carboxylic acid chelating agent. The polyamino carboxylic acid chelating agent may have a concentration of about 5 wt %. The polyamino carboxylic acid chelating agent is preferably either an aqueous solution of H2Na2-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (pH 4.5), H3-hydroxyethyl ethylenediamine triacetic acid (pH 2.5), or an aqueous solution of H2NaHEDTA (pH 4). The injection of the chelating fluid may be preceded by flooding the core with seawater, and is followed by injection of either to seawater, a high pH chelating agent, or low salinity water to ensure maximal extraction of oil from the reservoir. The method is particularly for use in formations where the core of the reservoir has a carbonate rock matrix.

The present invention belongs to the field of aquaculture feed technology, in particular, it relates to an additive premixed material for low-salinity culture of Fanna prawn. Said additive premixed material is composed of vitamin complex and compound mineral matter. Said additive premixed material can be added into prawn feed, and said feed can raise immunity of prawn, and can promote quick growth of prawn, its conversion rate is high and its feed coefficient is 0.9-1.3.

The invention relates to a potting technology for mangrove forest seedling cultivation, which is characterized by comprising the steps of 1) selecting a seedling cultivation field, wherein muddy inning intertidal zones with weak storm, low salinity and fresh water supply are selected; 2) cultivating the seedlings in a nutrition bag, wherein a seedling cultivation matrix is filled in the nutrition bag, and direct seedling cultivation with the nutrition bag is adopted for vivipary mangrove forest plants; 3) transferring the bagged seedlings into pots, wherein plantlet grows up after the seedling is cultivated for 0.5-1 year in bags according to the method of step 2, and then the plantlet is transplanted to a plastic seedling cultivation pot for seedling cultivation; 4) cultivating the potted seedling, wherein the seedling cultivation is carried out after the plantlet is transplanted into the plastic cultivation pot and arranged in a nursery garden, and water and fertilizer management, reshaping and trimming as well as pest control are strengthened in the seeding cultivation process; and 5) outplanting of the seedling, wherein the mangrove forest seedling is cultivated after the plantlet transplanted in step 4) grow for 1-2 years in the plastic seedling cultivation pot. At the time, the seedlings can be transferred out of the nursery garden to be used for recovery of the mangrove forest of the inshore intertidal zone and greening of the coastal intertidal zone. The seedlings cultivated by the technology disclosed by the invention has the characteristics of being high in degree of lignification of the stem, complete and dense in roots and the like; and compared with plantlets of the mangrove forest, the seedlings have stronger adaptive capacity to hard intertidal zones and severe growing environments.

The invention relates to a composition for alkali-free chemical complex oil displacement and an application thereof in tertiary oil recovery. The composition for alkali-free chemical complex oil displacement comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 0.03-0.30% of composite surfactant, 0.05-0.30% of polymer and the balance of water, wherein the composite surfactant comprises fatty acid amide propyl carboxybetaine and alkyl sulphobetaine at a weight ratio of (5-95): (95-5). The invention further relates to the application of the composition for alkali-free chemical complex oil displacement in tertiary oil recovery of an oil deposit. The interface performance of the composition for alkali-free chemical complex oil displacement, provided by the invention, exceeds that of the single fatty acid amide propyl carboxybetaine and the single alkyl sulphobetaine; and the composition can enable crude oil in middle and low-temperature and middle and low-salinity oil deposits and high-temperature and high-salinity oil deposits to achieve the stable ultralow interfacial tension; and furthermore, the composition has good long-term stability at the different temperatures of the oil deposits.

The invention belongs to the field of the food fermentation engineering and particularly relates to a fermentation method of pickled leaf mustard with good flavor and products thereof. The ready-to-eat pickle is obtained by adopting leaf mustard with dual-purpose stems and leaves as main raw materials, saline solution, sticky rice mash, ginger, hot peppers and red-skinned sugar cane as auxiliary materials, hyperosmosis resistant lactic acid tetracoccus and hyposmolality resistant lactic acid bacteria as the primary fermentation microorganisms, fermenting with high salinity, desalting, secondarily fermenting with low salinity and modulating the products. The pickle related by the invention is crisp and tasty, acid, soft, sweet and fresh; and the color and lustre are pleasant. Compared with the traditional primarily fermented product, the micromolecule flavor substance is obviously enhanced, and the delicious amino acid and the like are also obviously enhanced.

The invention relates to a feed additive premix for low-salinity cultured marine fishes. The feed additive premix for the low-salinity cultured marine fishes consists of multi-vitamins and composite trace elements, and 20 to 30kg of feed additive premix is added into each ton of marine fish feed, wherein the multi-vitamins are 5 to 10kg and the composite trace elements are 15 to 25kg. Long-term tests of the low-salinity cultured marine fishes in the Pearl River Delta, such as trachinotus ovatus, Japanese sea bass, sciaenops ocellatus, sparus latus, sparus macrocephalus, latescalcarfer and the like, prove that the feed additive premix for the low-salinity cultured marine fishes has comprehensive nutrition and can meet the requirement of various marine fishes on total nutrition in a low-salinity culture environment; the feed additive premix is safe and high-efficiency, does not have any toxic or side effect, makes cultured objects grow rapidly and has high feed conversion rate and good culture benefit if taken for a long time; meanwhile, the additive can obviously enhance the immunologic function and anti-stress capability of the cultured objects, and the cultured marine fishes have high vigor, bright body color and high survival rate.

The present invention relates to a method to enhance oil recovery from a hydrocarbon reservoir. One aspect of the invention includes injecting low salinity water into the reservoir followed by the injection of a surfactant diluted in low salinity water, and alternating the injections of the low salinity water and the surfactant diluted in the low salinity water. The invention improves the effectiveness of the surfactant by reducing the salinity of the reservoir by injecting low-salinity water into the reservoir.

The invention discloses a method for large-scale indoor artificial breeding of Hong Kong oysters in the coastal region of South China. According to the method, a large number of healthy oyster larvae are bred indoors by means of parent maturation, parturition hastening, incubation, larva breeding, adhering transformation, juvenile mollusk breeding and other processes. In combination with the ecological habits of the Hong Kong oysters and the coastal regional characteristics of South China, the step-by-step salinity-reduction breeding pattern that parent maturation of the Hong Kong oysters in a high-salinity environment, the larvae are bred in a medium-salinity environment, and juvenile mollusks are bred in a medium / low-salinity environment is realized, and a solid foundation is laid for production of the larvae of the Hong Kong oysters, development of aboriginal varieties and industrial popularization of the Hong Kong oysters.

A low-solinity artificial brooding and fresh-water culturing method for tawny puffer includes such steps as culturing parent fish, artificial insemination, artificial brooding, culturing minnow, and culturing in fresh water. Its advantages include unique method, simple operation, and high quality of tawny puffer.

The invention discloses a quick germination method of grass wrack seeds. The method comprises the following steps of: after the grass wrack seeds are washed clean, directly putting the grass wrack seeds into 0.5 percent low-salinity artificial seawater; putting the 0.5 percent low-salinity artificial seawater with the soaked grass wrack seeds into an incubator in the presence of constant temperature and illumination for culturing for 3 weeks to ensure that the grass wrack seeds germinate, wherein the holding temperature in the presence of the constant temperature and illumination is 12-16 DEG C, the illumination intensity is 40 mu molm<-2>s<-1> and the ratio of L:D is 12:12; leading the germinated seeds into a salinity raising and domestication stage: ensuring that the salinity of the artificial seawater for soaking the germinated grass wrack seeds is improved by 0.5 percent per day until reaching a normal seawater salinity of 3 percent; and then sowing the germinated grass wrack seedlings adapting to the natural seawater salinity in an appointed sea field. The method can ensure that the grass wrack seeds germinate quickly and completely and normally grow so that the probability of suffering from being swallowed by seed-eating organisms of the grass wrack seeds is greatly reduced and is beneficial to the recovery and reconstruction of sea grass meadows so as to quickly recover good marine ecological environment.

The invention discloses a breeding method for fine breeds of the litopenaeus vannamei. The breeding method comprises the steps: (1), introduction of a basic population; (2), screening of the basic population; (3), intensifying of parent shrimps; (4), building of a family; (5), standardized breeding of young shrimps; (6), independent breeding of the family; (7), family testing; (8), determining of a target family; (9), expanding of propagation; (10), colony breeding of the target family; and (11), breed conservation. Compared with the prior art, the breeding method for the fine breeds of the litopenaeus vannamei has the advantages of being high and stable in yield, resistant to stress and suitable for the high-salinity and low-salinity breeding environment of China.

The invention discloses a preserving method for low salinity duck egg, which belongs to the technical field for the preserving method of salty duck egg and comprises the following procedures: (1) select duck eggs that comply with the processing requirements; (2) clean and sterilize the duck egg; (3) prepare A preserving fluid and B preserving fluid; (4) adopt clean and sterilized food-purpose plastic drum or jar to contain the preserving fluid; then, put the sterilized duck eggs into the drum or jar; cover the top of the plastic drum or jar with plastic net when the duck eggs fully fill; press the plastic net with appropriate sterilized lump substance; the preserving fluid shall exceed the surface of the eggs for over 2cm; finally, add covering material on the plastic drum or jar; adopt A preserving fluid from first to fifteenth day; adopt B preserving fluid from sixteenth to thirtieth day; keep the preserving house dry and clean; keep the ambient temperature at 20 to 25 DEG C.. Therefore, the preserving method in the invention is able to control the sodium chloride content in the egg white within about 4 per cent while preserving the own characteristics of salty duck egg, such as pure white in egg white, loose yolk and oil excretion.

The invention discloses a low-salinity artificial seedling raising and fresh water aquiculture method for takifugu flavidus. The method disclosed by the invention is unique, the operation is easy, the obtained adult fish has tender meat and rich nutrition, the economic benefits are obvious, and the method is suitable for being widely popularized.

The invention discloses a feed for litopenaeus vannamei boone, in particular to a composite feed for feeding litopenaeus vannamei boone cultured at low salinity, which comprises the following components in part by weight: 20 to 30 parts of manhattan fish meal, 10 to 16 parts of bean pulp, 10 to 14 parts of peanut cake, 7 to 10 parts of corn protein powder, 18 to 20.5 parts of high gluten flour, 1to 3 parts of molasses yeast, 1 to 3 parts of squid extract, 0 to 1 part of table salt, 1 to 2 parts of calcium lactate, 0 to 0.5 part of monocalcium phosphate, 1 to 2 parts of fish oil, 1 to 2 partsof soyabean lecithin, 1 part of vitamin premix and 1 part of mineral premix. The feed is mixed simply and balance in nutrition, can obviously improve the growth of the litopenaeus vannamei boone cultured at low salinity and improve the meat quality and color of the litopenaeus vannamei boone cultured at low salinity.

The invention provides a breeding method of a low-salt-resistant line of blue crab. The breeding method comprises the steps of: based on blue crab which is artificially bred for multiple years and has excellent growth characters as a base colony, subjecting young crab of 100 days old to low-salinity stress experiment, and carrying out two generations of low-salinity stress breeding to screen low-salt-resistant line of blue crab, wherein the screened core breeding colony can be used for production and application after passage propagation. According to the invention, a quick growth colony is selected as the base colony, and the low-salt-resistant stress-resistant characters are aggregated in the blue crab base colony through low-salt-resistant breeding, thus the cultured new line has strong stress resistance, and is suitable for breeding in low-salinity areas, and the growth rate and breeding survival rate are significantly increased; and the method is simple and convenient to operate, and is applicable to breeding of the low-salt-resistant line of blue crab.

The invention discloses a simulation and evaluation system for a low-salinity water injection experiment and method. The method comprises the following steps: (1) preparing displacement liquids in different salinities, performing a displacement experiment by using a specific serial core holding unit, determining the natures of effluent from each core corresponding to the displacement liquids in different salinities at different moments in real time, and determining a yield-increasing effect of each displacement liquid; (2) evaluating the change conditions of the clay transferring, wettability reversal, double electrode layer diffusion, ion exchange, mineral dissolution and pH value before and after the water flooding, and supplying basis to the evaluation for a yield-increasing mechanism; and (3) combining low-salinity water injection with other tertiary oil recovery methods for evaluating the yield-increasing effect and the yield-increasing mechanism. The method disclosed by the invention has the beneficial effects that (1) the reaction between three phases of oil, water and rock in the displacement experiment can be evaluated in real time; (2) the yield-increasing effect of the combination of low-salinity water injection with other tertiary oil recovery methods can be evaluated, and the joint yield-increasing mechanism can be evaluated; (3) and the theoretical basis can be supplied to the injection liquid preparation scheme in practical operation.

The invention discloses a rapidly degradable bridge plug with a degradation-promoting central pipe, comprising the central pipe, a first slip base, a first slip, a first cone, a rubber cylinder, a second cone, a second slip, a second slip base, a guide seal, a push cylinder sleeve, a pull rod and a presser block. The central pipe comprises a body, a catalyst cylinder and a plug; all of the central pipe, the first slip base, the first cone, the second cone, the second slip base and the guide seal are made of degradable materials; a catalyst in the catalyst cylinder accelerates decomposition of the degradable materials; by using the bridge plug made of the degradable materials, degradation of the bridge plug is accelerated under the decomposition acceleration action of the catalyst; the bridge plug is reasonable in structure; the degrading speed in oil, low-temperature or low-salinity water environments is satisfied; before production, no plug drilling or fishing is required, and operating efficiency is improved.

The invention relates to an industrial wastewater resource zero-discharge system. The industrial wastewater resource zero-discharge system comprises a pretreatment unit, a resource treatment unit, a membrane concentration unit, a MVR (melt volume flow rate) evaporation and concentration unit, an incineration and purification unit, an MVR quality crystallizing unit, and a self control and Internet of Things remote monitoring diagnosis management unit, wherein the pretreatment unit comprises an oil removal device, a filtering device, a blowoff device and an extraction device; the resource treatment unit comprises an acid adsorbing device, an organic matter adsorbing device and an ion adsorbing device; the membrane concentration unit comprises a high-grade oxidizing device, an ultrafiltering device and a reverse osmosis device; the MVR evaporation and concentration unit comprises a low-salinity wastewater MVR evaporation device and a high-salinity wastewater MVR evaporation device. The industrial wastewater resource zero-discharge system has the advantages that the defect of difficult biochemical treatment of industrial wastewater which has high slat content and high COD (chemical oxygen demand) content and contains oil, acid and heavy metals is overcome; the valent components are recycled according to quality, the resources are utilized, and the zero discharge is reliably realized; by adopting the Internet of Things remote monitoring diagnosis, the operation, management and maintenance of a project are favorably realized.

The invention relates to a penaeus vannamei boone low-salinity culturing method. During seed culturing, the salinity is 8 to 100%; in the phase of juvenile shrimps, the salinity of a culturing water body is increased to 6%; in the phase of middle-age shrimps, the salinity of the culturing water body is reduced to 4%; in the phase of adult shrimps, the salinity of the culturing water body is reduced to 2%. The method has the advantages that the secondary virus disease caused by the infection of pathogen of penaeus vannamei boone in seawater is avoided, meanwhile, the growth speed of the penaeus vannamei boone is ensured, and the economic benefit of a farmer is protected; by utilizing the habits of Chinese soft shell turtles, silver carps or bighead carps using planktons as foods, the amount of seaweed in water is controlled, so the water quality is improved, the waste at water body resources is avoided, and better economic benefits can be obtained.

A Scylla serrata cultivating method relates to a low-salt-density Scylla serrata cultivation in fresh water. The invention comprises that Scylla serrata seed can be used in 2-10 low-salinity, the Scylla serrata pool can contain hidden material in pool to increase the hidden and move space of Scylla serrata to disperse Scylla serrata and reduce meet accidence, thereby improving cultivation survival rate, and the water is 18-30Deg. C and 2-15 salinity in cultivation, the Scylla serrata cultivating density is 300-1800n in each acre, the forge is fish and shellfish to be fed 2-4 times in each day. The invention can improve survival rate and reduce cost.

The invention relates to an ecological bait for the low salinity ecological cultivation of Lito penaeus vannamei in autumn and winter, which is prepared from the following raw materials (by weight ratio): basic nourishing constituents 85-95%, pharmaceutical constituents 1-5%, enzyme constituents 3-10%. The invention also provides the process for preparing the bait.