The invention discloses a molybdenum sulfide catalyst and a preparation method thereof, and applications of the molybdenum sulfide catalyst in high-added value aromatic fine chemical product production reactions through hydrogenation degradation of aromatic phenol and ether compounds. According to the molybdenum sulfide catalyst I, molybdenum sulfide is adopted as a main active component, one or a plurality of materials selected from nickel, cobalt, iron, copper, platinum, ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, lanthanum, osmium, iridium and the like can be added as a second metal component, the components can be supported on one carrier selected from active carbon (AC), carbon black (VB), carbon fiber (CF), graphene, carbon nano-tubes (CT), a mesoporous carbon material, gamma-alumina (gamma-Al2O3), silica (SiO2), zirconia (ZrO2), titania (TiO 2), a silicon-aluminum molecular sieve and a phosphorous-aluminum molecular sieve, and the catalyst is used for the catalytic hydrogenation degradation reaction of aromatic phenol and ether compounds. According to the present invention, with the catalyst, the aromatic phenol and ether compounds can be catalytically converted into the high-added value aromatic chemical products having the aromatic structure at the temperature of 150-350 DEG C under the initial hydrogen gas pressure of 1-6 MPa in the high-efficiency, high-selectivity and high-yield manner.