The invention discloses a polymer emulsion interfacial agent for treating a building wall and a preparation method of the polymer emulsion interfacial agent. The polymer emulsion interfacial agent comprises a component A and a component B, which are mixed at the weight ratio of 1:1 during use, wherein the component A comprises the concrete components as follows: hydroxyethyl cellulose, a dispersing agent, quartz powder, a styrene-acrylate polymer emulsion, rare-earth nanometer Ce-ATO modified acrylic resin, an anticorrosive agent, a mildewproof agent, a multifunctional additive, a thickening agent, a defoaming agent and a coalescing agent, water and unsaturated polyester resin; and the component B comprises the following components: wollastonite powder, quartz powder, quartz sand, cerium phosphate, a titanate coupling agent, cobalt naphthenate and methyl ethyl ketone peroxide. The polymer emulsion interfacial agent has the characteristics of simple preparation process, high adhesive force, wear resistance, good sealing property and the like and can be well used on a smooth-surface substrate.