This invention discloses a free positioning device and its control method, comprising: a housing with a flexible sealing structure at its open edge; a flexible seal for fitting against the surface to be positioned to form a seal, creating a sealed space between them; the flexible seal is directly or indirectly connected to the housing for transmitting pressure to the housing; and a
fluid interface disposed on the housing for filling the cavity with pressurized fluid and maintaining the pressure state within the cavity after filling. When the device is pressed against the surface, pressurized fluid is filled into the cavity to form a high-pressure zone, creating a
pressure difference between the high-pressure zone and the sealed space between the flexible seal and the surface. This
pressure difference drives the flexible seal to press firmly against the surface to be positioned, achieving a secure fixation. After releasing the pressure, the device can be easily removed. This device actively controls the adsorption force by adjusting the
fluid pressure within the cavity; the adsorption force is positively correlated with the
fluid pressure. The housing isolates the external environment from the cavity, ensuring that the high-pressure state within the cavity is unaffected by external
environmental pressure conditions. This device can operate in vacuum environments in space, high-pressure environments in the
deep sea, and conventional environments on Earth. It is adaptable to a wide range of surface types, from smooth to rough, and can be integrated and installed as a functional component on other objects. This invention also provides a depth- and load-based intelligent
pressure control method to achieve dynamic adjustment of the adsorption force.