The invention discloses a calibration target device and a calibration method for a three-dimensional ice-shaped digital image system. The calibration target device comprises a rotary cloud deck, a lampstand, a movable calibration assembly and a calibration plate, wherein the rotary cloud deck is arranged on the lampstand; the rotary cloud deck is provided with the movable calibration assembly; and the movable calibration assembly is provided with the calibration plate. By adopting the calibration device, the on-site rapid calibration of a three-dimensional ice-shaped detector can be realized, and the calibration on the internal parameter and the relative positional relation of a camera can be finished through acquiring several images at a time, thereby, the experiment efficiency is greatly improved. By adopting the mechanical device disclosed by the invention, a traditional calibration mode of holding a free target is changed, the calibration error brought by the jitter of hands is avoided, and the calibration precision is improved. Moreover, the device not only is capable of realizing the calibration of a three-dimensional ice-shaped detector but also can be used as a fixed platform for an object to be measured, thereby, the integrated design of the calibration and the measurement is realized, and the manufacturing material and the processing cost of the device are saved.