75 results about "Pulse injection" patented technology

The invention discloses a motor control device and an air conditioner. The motor control device comprises an injection signal controller; the high-frequency pulse injection observer receives the high-frequency current and outputs a first observation angle; the IF and pulse injection switching controller is configured to receive a signal output by the rotating speed control part; when the acceleration of the motor reaches a lower limit value of a preset threshold value, switching an IF control mode and outputting a q-axis target current, when the current value of the motor reaches an upper limit value of a preset current value, reducing the q-axis target current, and when the acceleration reaches an upper limit value of the preset threshold value, keeping applying a pulse high-frequency voltage signal and enabling a rotating speed control part to output the q-axis target current; and the angle switching controller is configured to control and output a required observation angle according to the real-time rotating speed of the motor, a first observation angle observed by the high-frequency pulse injection observer and a second observation angle observed by the sliding-mode observer in the FOC speed current double-closed-loop architecture. Reliable starting and operation of the motor can be ensured.

The invention relates to the technical field of submarine cable fault detection, in particular to a submarine cable fault detection system. The method comprises the steps that an adjustable low-frequency pulse injection unit injects a low-frequency pulse excitation signal and collects a response signal generated by a submarine cable fault; the multi-source signal fusion acquisition unit acquires a reflected voltage signal, an acoustic signal and a leakage magnetic field signal, and constructs a multi-modal fusion response characteristic matrix; the intelligent broadband noise suppression unit is used for performing noise suppression processing on each modal sub-matrix to obtain a de-noised multi-modal fusion response characteristic matrix; and the intelligent fault positioning interpretation unit is used for constructing a three-dimensional signal fingerprint spectrogram, performing classification analysis on fault events based on a fuzzy clustering algorithm and a depth feature matching model to obtain a fault type, and performing calculation through a path residual fitting method to obtain a fault position. The invention realizes a detection system which does not depend on a special cable structure, can actively excite and fuse multi-source signals, and can position submarine cable faults at high precision.

The invention belongs to the technical field of coal bed gas exploitation and carbon dioxide geological storage, and relates to a coal bed carbon dioxide injectability evolution whole process simulation device and method, and the device comprises a true triaxial stress loading system, a temperature control system, a multi-mode gas injection system, a monitoring system, and a data processing system. The deep stratum stress state and the stratum temperature field are simulated, constant-pressure and constant-current mode carbon dioxide is injected into the true triaxial stress loading system to carry out groutability attenuation and recovery simulation, and nitrogen and pulse mode injection is switched to carry out temperature change regulation and control, phase change regulation and control and frequency change regulation and control so as to simulate groutability improvement. According to the method, a whole-process evolution mechanism of attenuation-recovery-improvement of carbon dioxide groutability is realized, meanwhile, data acquisition and permeability and stress calculation are performed through a monitoring system and a data processing system, and rapid conversion from original data to core parameters is realized; and accurate experimental data support is provided for on-site injection parameter optimization and regulation and control technology research and development.

The invention relates to the technical field of injection molds, and discloses an automotive trim panel injection mold predictive maintenance system, which comprises an acoustic pulse injection and receiving device arranged at an inlet and an outlet of a mold cooling water channel, and a signal processing and decision module, according to the method, a degradation index is determined by analyzing the difference between an acoustic echo signal and a reference signal, and when the index is abnormal, fault qualification is carried out in combination with macroscopic process parameters, and early recognition and state perception of microcosmic damage in the mold are realized in a non-intrusive manner by utilizing a cooling water channel of the mold, so that the detection accuracy is improved. The maintenance decision can be based on the real health state of the mold, and hysteresis and resource waste of a traditional maintenance mode are avoided.

A pumped storage unit main transformer winding inter-turn short circuit fault diagnosis positioning method and system, comprising: pulse injection is carried out on the main transformer of the pumped storage unit in the shutdown state, and the voltage response waveform is obtained; the characteristic waveform is calculated, the different connection modes of the pumped storage unit main transformer winding are combined, whether the pumped storage unit main transformer winding exists fault and the fault phase are judged; the VMD decomposition optimization model and the NTEO wave head extraction optimization model with optimal parameters are constructed, and the instantaneous energy spectrum is obtained based on the model and any characteristic phase containing characteristic phase; the fault positioning formula is constructed based on the instantaneous energy spectrum, the fault positioning formula corresponding to the relationship between the characteristic phase and the fault phase in the voltage response waveform is selected according to the relationship between the characteristic phase and the fault phase, and the positioning of the fault coil is obtained. The method has high reliability, high fault diagnosis accuracy and small positioning result error, and can meet the needs of pumped storage unit main transformer winding inter-turn short circuit fault diagnosis and positioning in engineering.

The application provides a vertical-axis phase-synchronous pulse injection control method for a hybrid excitation variable reluctance motor, and belongs to the technical field of motor control. The method comprises the following steps: S1, configuring a hybrid excitation variable reluctance motor, which comprises two sub-phase components, and each sub-phase component is powered by a three-phase four-bridge-arm inverter; S2, constructing a self-induction model under pulse detection signal excitation based on the structure of the hybrid excitation variable reluctance motor; S3, sequentially injecting detection pulse voltages into each phase by adopting the vertical-axis phase-synchronous pulse injection method, obtaining the size of the inductance value of each phase, thereby judging the current sector where the rotor is located, and substituting the bias electric angle into the self-induction model to calculate the bias electric angle; and S4, calculating the electric angle of the rotor magnetic field at the current moment according to the bias electric angle.

The invention relates to a pulse injection circuit, a pulse injection method, an audio power amplifier system and electronic equipment. The pulse injection circuit is applied to the audio power amplifier circuit, and the audio power amplifier circuit comprises an input circuit used for inputting a pulse width modulation signal. The pulse injection circuit comprises a detection circuit and a pulse generation processing circuit. Wherein the detection circuit is used for being connected with the input circuit so as to detect a pulse width modulation signal in real time and generate an injection pulse trigger enable signal in response to the pulse width modulation signal. The pulse generation processing circuit is connected with the detection circuit and the input circuit and is used for responding to the injection pulse trigger enable signal to generate a pulse overturning enable signal; performing logic processing on the pulse flip enable signal and the pulse width modulation signal to form a pulse injection signal; and injecting the pulse injection signal into an input circuit to enable the pulse width modulation signal to generate level flipping. The invention can automatically inject the pulse in response to the demand.

Power-Based Pulse Injection Control for SR Self-Sensing Power-based self-sensing of rotor position of an SR motor at medium to high speed and low torque is achieved in an SR motor control system by comparing the motor power with an injected maximum power. In response to the motor power being less than the injected maximum power, a position current pulse is injected into the stator poles. The actual stator current generated by the position current pulse is compared with an estimated stator current, and if the actual stator current is not equal to the estimated stator current, the estimated rotor position stored in memory is updated with a new estimated rotor position.

The utility model relates to a device for realizing intelligent dust removal based on an industrial environment dust removal system. The device comprises a compressed air storage tank, a compressed air conveying pipe and a plurality of pulse blowing valves, and a plurality of filter bags. The utility model relates to a leakage detection device for a compressed air storage tank, which comprises a compressed air storage tank, a compressed air delivery pipe, pulse blowing valves, a particle concentration monitor, a leakage detection signal transmission line and an electric lifting valve, the outlet end of the compressed air storage tank is connected with the inlet end of the compressed air delivery pipe, the outlet end of the compressed air delivery pipe is connected with the inlet end of each pulse blowing valve, and the outlet ends of the pulse blowing valves correspond to filter bags. The output end of the particulate matter concentration monitor is connected with a leak detection signal transmission line, and the leak detection signal transmission line is connected with the electric lift valve. According to the device for realizing intelligent dust removal based on the industrial environment dust removal system, the pulse injection pressure is dynamically adjusted through the pressure difference change of dust filtered by the filter bag, so that the consumption of compressed air is saved, and the service life of the filter bag is prolonged. And the leakage position of the filter bag in the environmental dust removal system is accurately positioned through the concentration change of the fixed pulse injection time interval.

The invention provides a DPF active regeneration control method, system and equipment based on urea injection time sequence optimization and a medium, and belongs to the technical field of automobile control. The method comprises the steps that S1, whether DPF active regeneration needs to be started or not is judged, and when it is judged that DPF active regeneration needs to be started, the exhaust temperature is increased to the target regeneration temperature range in a fuel oil post-injection mode; s2, after the exhaust temperature is increased to the target regeneration temperature range, a urea injection mode is controlled to be switched from a preset continuous injection mode to a preset intermittent pulse injection mode; and S3, when the active regeneration of the DPF is finished and the exhaust temperature is reduced to be below a normal temperature threshold value, the urea injection mode is switched back to a preset continuous injection mode from a preset intermittent pulse injection mode. The problem of urea crystallization under a high-temperature regeneration condition is effectively avoided.

The present application relates to injection mold technical field, disclose a kind of automobile interior board injection mold predictive maintenance system, the system includes the acoustic pulse injection and receiving device configured in the exit and entrance of mold cooling water path, and a signal processing and decision module, the module takes cooling water path as acoustic diagnostic waveguide, determines a deterioration index by analyzing the difference between acoustic echo signal and reference signal, and when the index is abnormal, fault qualitative is carried out in conjunction with macroscopic process parameters, the present application uses the cooling water path of mold itself, in non-invasive manner realizes early identification and state perception to micro-damage inside mold, so that maintenance decision can be based on the real health status of mold, avoid the lag and resource waste of traditional maintenance mode.

The present application relates to the technical field of bag type dust removal, and particularly relates to a supersonic injection pulse spraying pressure control method and system, which is used for evaluating the effectiveness of single dust cleaning operation and optimizing subsequent spraying pressure, and the method comprises the following steps: when spraying operation is performed on at least one spraying unit of a bag type dust removal system, a pressure monitoring device arranged on a spraying gas path of the spraying unit is used to collect pressure signals in the spraying gas path, so as to obtain pressure waveform data, and the pressure waveform data represents pressure change at the moment of spraying; at least one preset dynamic characteristic parameter is extracted from the pressure waveform data, and the dynamic characteristic parameter reflects the state of the spraying gas flow or the change of the filter bag air permeability; the spraying pressure is adjusted according to the evaluation of the dust cleaning effectiveness level by collecting the spraying gas path pressure signals and extracting the dynamic characteristic parameters, and the mapping relationship is updated online, so that the problems of extensive dust cleaning control, inability to finely evaluate and adjust in the prior art are solved.

The invention discloses a cleanliness detection method and device suitable for a long-distance refrigeration pipeline, and relates to the related technical field of cleanliness detection.The method comprises the steps that the injection gas type and injection pulse signals of a to-be-detected long-distance pipeline are determined; a liquid nitrogen vaporization device is connected, a pulse injection valve is controlled by injecting pulse signals to inject gas into an inlet, an infrared thermal imaging array is adopted to collect the temperature of the outer surface, and real-time response data of the temperature of the outer surface are output; constructing a heat transfer abnormal area identification model through a pipeline three-dimensional transient heat transfer equation, and marking an abnormal area to obtain a heat transfer abnormal area; and analyzing the heat transfer abnormity response data of the heat transfer abnormity area, and generating a cleanliness detection result. The technical problems that in the prior art, the cleanliness detection efficiency of a long-distance refrigeration pipeline is low, real-time dynamic monitoring cannot be achieved, and a local pollution area is difficult to accurately recognize are solved, and the technical effects that the heat transfer abnormal area is accurately positioned, and high-efficiency and high-precision cleanliness detection is conducted on the pipeline are achieved.

The present invention discloses a flow control device and method for pulse injection mixing enhancement. The device includes an internal flow channel in the engine, an incoming flow control mechanism, and a fuel injection mechanism. The incoming flow control mechanism is located at the inlet of the internal flow channel in the engine and is used to fan the steady-state axial air inflow to form an unsteady, highly turbulent axial pulsating air inflow. The fuel injection mechanism is located on the inner wall of the internal flow channel in the engine and is used to sequentially inject fuel in intervals of pulses to form an unsteady, highly turbulent transverse pulsating fuel jet. The pulsation frequency of the axial pulsating air inflow and the transverse pulsating fuel jet are the same, and the pulsation phase difference is less than or equal to π / 2. The present invention is applied to the field of non-uniform fuel mixing and is used to achieve short-range, rapid, efficient and uniform mixing of reactants, improve the combustion efficiency, combustion intensity, and pressure gain of the combustion chamber, and thus realize an efficient supercharged combustion process with high-frequency self-sustaining engine and high specific impulse output.

The present application relates to the field of medical apparatus and anesthesia control technology, in particular to a kind of anesthetic gas output control system for anesthesia machine, including parameter configuration interface, fluid state perception module, wave front quality phase state solution engine and phase synchronous pulse injection module;Collect flow rate, pressure and target gas actual concentration, discretization generates periodic fluid phase parameters containing fluid acceleration and volume integral, combined with target gas set concentration, concentration residual and aerodynamic impedance matrix solve the injection quality required by target period, and when fluid acceleration is higher than threshold, asymmetric pulse width modulation waveform is output in wave front injection window, drives target actuator to inject target gas, to realize actual concentration to set concentration approximation, improve concentration response speed under low flow condition.

The invention relates to the technical field of driver control, and discloses a driver rotor operation fault identification method and system, and the method comprises the steps: obtaining the salient pole rate of a motor, comparing the salient pole rate with a preset threshold range, executing a high-frequency pulse injection fault identification process if the salient pole rate meets the requirement, or employing a conventional starting method; high-frequency pulses are injected into the motor in multiple space voltage vector directions, current response is collected, and pulse injection parameters are dynamically adjusted until the current response is stable; and identifying an operation fault based on the stabilized current response, and judging the position of the rotor and controlling the soft start of the driver when no fault exists. The method adapts to different motor characteristics, improves fault identification precision and rotor positioning accuracy, guarantees stable and safe starting of the motor, and is suitable for motor driving scenes such as a variable frequency air conditioner fan.

The invention provides a scramjet engine natural vibration co-frequency fuel pulse injection system and method, a fuel injection device and a self-adaptive opening and closing air inflow device.The fuel injection device comprises a driving device and a fuel conveying rotor shaft, and the output end of the driving device is fixedly connected with the fuel conveying rotor shaft; and the self-adaptive opening and closing air inlet device is communicated with an air inlet of the driving device. The method comprises the steps that 1, the air inlet channel starts to capture air; 2, the natural vibration frequency of an engine is obtained, and the natural vibration frequency information of the engine is fed back to a driving motor of the self-adaptive opening and closing air inlet device; 3, the driving motor drives the sealing piece set to act, and the opening degree of the corresponding rotating speed of the pneumatic motor is adjusted; 4, pulse frequency information of fuel injection is obtained; and 5, the preset program starts phase matching work, and finally the phase is adjusted to the phase where the fuel pulse injection wave crest and the natural vibration pressure signal wave crest are overlapped.

The present invention discloses a hybrid permanent magnet memory motor and a multi-stage magnetic modulation pulse injection method, which relate to the technical field of memory motors. The present invention comprises: a stator core, wherein the inner circumference of the stator core is provided with a plurality of stator teeth, and the armature winding is installed between two stator teeth; and a rotor core, wherein the rotor core is sleeved inside the stator core. The Y-type topology structure of the present invention includes two different magnetic circuits, a series type and a parallel type. The high coercive force permanent magnet can provide a stable magnetomotive force, and since the high coercive force permanent magnet is located outside the rotor, it can effectively resist unexpected demagnetization under load conditions; the low coercive force permanent magnet can be bidirectionally magnetized, and most of the magnetic field forms a short circuit inside the rotor when the magnetism is weak, thereby effectively improving the magnetic modulation range. Compared with the traditional d-axis magnetic modulation, the magnetic modulation method only requires a smaller pulse current to achieve the same magnetic modulation effect as the traditional structure.

The application relates to the technical field of power distribution network fault detection, in particular to a low-voltage power distribution network fault detection method and device, which comprises the following steps: adopting a pulse signal injection method, injecting a pulse signal into a low-voltage power distribution network at different pulse widths each time, receiving the reflected signal, and recording the response signal after each pulse injection; performing modal decomposition on the response signal, obtaining a plurality of modal components, and calculating the relative difference of each modal component after each pulse injection; obtaining the modal component corresponding to the fault point; calculating the first interference value and the second interference value after each pulse injection; determining the pulse width adjustment amount and the pulse width of the next pulse injection, selecting the optimal response signal by continuously injecting pulses, and positioning a single-phase ground fault in the low-voltage power distribution network. The application improves the dynamic adaptability of the arc nonlinearity characteristics and the network topology in the power distribution network by adjusting the pulse width in real time, and improves the accuracy of the pulse signal injection method in fault detection.

The invention relates to the technical field of digital-analog hybrid integrated circuit design, and particularly provides an anti-radiation low-jitter injection-locked phase-locked loop based on a threshold filtering technology, which comprises a pulse calibration circuit, a pulse injection unit and an injection-locked phase-locked loop, the pulse injection unit can generate an injection signal and a threshold signal according to a pulse calibration signal output by the pulse calibration circuit and a feedback signal output by the injection-locked phase-locked loop, so that whether the injection signal is output to the injection-locked phase-locked loop or not is judged according to the threshold signal. Reinforcement is performed based on an injection locked phase-locked loop structure, the pulse injection unit is provided, the threshold signal is generated while the injection signal is generated, and the conduction state of the injection path of the injection signal is controlled according to the threshold signal, so that the probability of wrong injection is greatly reduced, most injection errors are filtered from the source, and the injection accuracy is improved. Therefore, the jitter of the phase-locked loop is reduced, and the anti-radiation performance is improved.

The invention provides a marine diesel engine test run black smoke treatment device which is characterized by comprising a device shell, the device shell comprises an anechoic chamber located on the lower portion and a filter chamber located on the upper portion, the filter chamber is communicated with the anechoic chamber, and an air inlet is formed in one side face of the anechoic chamber; a filter chamber is arranged in the device shell, a plurality of metal filter elements are distributed in the filter chamber, the axial direction of the metal filter elements is the vertical direction, black smoke dust is intercepted by the outer surfaces of the metal filter elements, filtered gas is contained in the metal filter elements, an air outlet is formed in the top of the filter chamber, and a pulse injection system is arranged above the device shell and connected with the filter chamber. According to the marine diesel engine test run black smoke treatment device, the problems that an existing device is complex in structure, filtering materials are not easy to clean, noise is large, and operation and maintenance are difficult are solved.

The embodiment of the invention provides a down lead fault detection device and method based on pulse injection and time-frequency matching, and the device comprises a signal clamp which is used for the injection of an electromagnetic pulse signal and the conduction of a full-time reflection signal; the power switch is used for controlling on-off of power supply of the whole machine; the battery module is used for supplying power; the case is used for structural support, physical protection and environmental protection; the electronics module is used for injecting a specific electromagnetic pulse signal into the down lead and collecting an incident signal and a full-time reflection signal of the down lead; carrying out time-frequency conjoint analysis, and extracting the characteristics of the signal in a time-frequency-amplitude three-dimensional space; dividing the all-time reflection signal into continuous time-frequency blocks, and executing correlation matching in a time-frequency-amplitude three-dimensional space; calculating the fault position of the downlead according to the matching result; and the man-machine interaction and display module is used for displaying state information and result information of down lead fault detection in real time.

The invention discloses an intelligent fault diagnosis and early warning system for a silicon carbide transistor welding power supply, relates to the technical field of fault diagnosis, and aims to solve the technical problem that thermal runaway early warning lags due to the fact that traditional diagnosis only passively protects transient faults and cannot associate defect levels with bipolar degradation and prejudgment progressive failure. Comprising a data acquisition module which comprises a working condition gap pulse injection unit and a multi-physical-quantity synchronous sampling unit, and the working condition gap pulse injection unit injects amplitude-adaptive reverse test pulses in a welding power source base value pulse or no-load state; the multi-physical-quantity synchronous sampling unit synchronously collects five kinds of characteristic parameters including reverse recovery charge, reverse recovery time, secondary breakdown current, defect activation voltage and junction temperature, the bipolar degradation three-level state is accurately recognized through a coupling model and an exclusive collection and fusion algorithm, thermal runaway is warned in advance, device damage and welding interruption are avoided, and the reliability of the device is improved. The power supply complex working condition reliability is improved.

The invention discloses an electric mower. The electric mower comprises a brushless motor; in the starting stage of the brushless motor, the controller is configured to obtain an initial sector in a plurality of motor sector positions where a rotor is located based on a pulse injection method; and acquiring the rotor position of the rotor in the initial sector based on a high-frequency signal injection method so as to control the brushless motor to start, the high-frequency signal comprises a periodic signal, and the positive half cycle of the periodic signal and the negative half cycle of the signal are different in amplitude. The position detection of the rotor of the electric mower is more accurate.

The invention discloses a hydraulic fracturing simulation method based on variable yield superposition and filtration coupling, and belongs to the technical field of hydraulic fracturing fracture numerical simulation in petroleum, natural gas and geothermal exploitation, the method comprises the following steps: S1, parameter and hypothesis configuration; s2, deriving crack core parameters; s3, performing time step and filtration coupling calculation; and S4, performing multi-field coupling solution and parameter updating. According to the hydraulic fracturing simulation method based on variable yield superposition and filtration coupling, dynamic tight coupling of filtration and fracture geometric evolution is achieved, the prediction error of the fracture length and the accumulated filtration volume under the non-constant working condition is reduced, the performance is superior to that of a traditional model, and the method is suitable for popularization and application. And the method can accurately adapt to pulse type, high-low pressure alternate injection and other complex working conditions, and fills the engineering application blank of a traditional model under the complex working conditions.

The application discloses a portable hydrogen fuel cell safety hydrogen supply and pressure stabilizing system and belongs to the technical field of hydrogen fuel cells. The system comprises a pulse injection valve and an injection pressure stabilizing assembly arranged along a flow direction. The assembly comprises a central injection pipe and a peripheral pressure stabilizing cavity sleeved outside the central injection pipe, an annular cavity with fixed volume parameters is formed between the central injection pipe and the peripheral pressure stabilizing cavity, and the mixed pressure expansion section pipe wall is provided with a flow guide hole penetrating into the cavity. The system further comprises a sensor module and a control unit. The control unit performs boundary constraint calculation based on the ideal gas state equation and the pressure limit of the electric pile, determines the safety threshold of the maximum opening duration of the pulse valve in a single time, and combines the load working condition to distinguish the low-load pulse and the high-load straight-through working condition, thereby realizing selective boundary constraint of the pulse injection valve driving signal. Through the cooperation of the physical structure and the electronic constraint depth, the impact risk of excessive hydrogen injection is eliminated, the continuous hydrogen supply and the stable pressure in the full power range are ensured, and the system operation safety and reliability are improved.

This invention belongs to the field of power electronics and power management technology. It discloses a system for optimizing the timing and monitoring the status of uninterrupted power replenishment of a dual-core fusion maintenance power supply. The system includes: a status perception and prediction module, used to compare electrical feature vectors with a pre-built load feature curve library and output load status description information; a power feedforward allocation module, used to determine the real-time demand status of the load and identify the target bus voltage and feedforward compensation current; an intermittent pulse power replenishment module, used to call a pre-established anti-phase pulse injection strategy based on the judgment result to control the bus to provide pulse power replenishment to the slave unit, while simultaneously determining whether a reverse electromotive force impact occurs and generating a reverse energy absorption switching signal; and a braking energy recovery module, used to respond to the reverse energy absorption switching signal, establish a low-impedance energy recovery channel, and recover the braking energy fed back from the load to the bus, thereby improving the overall energy efficiency ratio.

The application provides a super-combustion ramjet engine spanwise pulse injection device, which comprises a spanwise injection cylinder and at least two pulse injection assemblies in parallel and communicated with the spanwise injection cylinder, the pulse injection assembly comprises a first valve body, a second valve body, a movable valve core arranged at an outlet end of the second valve body and a nozzle seat which are sequentially arranged along a fuel flow direction; at least two buffer cavities which are symmetrical along a second valve body axis are arranged at a connection position of a third valve seat and a second valve seat, a buffer elastic member is arranged in the buffer cavities, and a pressure relief pipeline which is communicated with the second cavities is arranged at one end of the buffer spring close to the buffer cavities. Advantageous effects: through the design of four buffer cavities, a pressure relief pipeline and a buffer elastic member, when the pressure in the pipeline changes, the buffer elastic member is compressed or rebounds, the water hammer effect is effectively reduced, the rate of fuel entering the second cavities from the pipeline is accelerated, the injection rate is further accelerated, the pulse lag phenomenon is reduced, and the pulse frequency is improved.

Operating an engine includes energizing an electrical actuator for a valve in a fuel injector according to a waveform alternating a plurality of on-times with a plurality of dwell times, and outputting a pulsed injection of a gaseous hydrogen fuel from the fuel injector entraining air between pulses of the gaseous hydrogen fuel. Entrainment breaks are produced between the plurality of pulses in a spray cone of the pulsed injection. The gaseous hydrogen fuel and air experience enhanced in-cylinder mixing based upon the air entrainment. Related apparatus is also disclosed.