The invention relates to the field of digital signal processing, and discloses a method and a system for converting time domain signals into frequency domain signals. According to the method, the time domain signals are subjected to curve smoothening and are then regenerated into approximate simulation signals to be transmitted to a resonance system carrying out damped forced simple harmonic vibration, and in addition, the resonance intensity of the resonance system is calculated and is used as the intensity of the frequency domain signals. Any frequency point can be selected for calculation, so when only the signals of one special frequency point or several special frequency points need to be calculated, the calculation quantity is much lower than that of the traditional calculation method. Further, a time-frequency distribution diagram is obtained through calculating the frequency domain signal intensity change process, and the frequency domain signal intensity of the frequency point can be obtained through superimposing the frequency domain signal intensity at the corresponding moments of all sampling points of the corresponding frequency points, so the time domain signals are successfully converted into the frequency domain signals. The calculation is carried out on each sampling point one by one, so the time response can reach up to the sampling period, and in addition, the response amplitude is adjustable.