166results about How to "Improved kinetics" patented technology

This invention is directed to prodrugs that can be activated at the preferred site of action in order to selectively deliver the corresponding therapeutic parent drugs to target cells or to the target site. This invention will therefore primarily but not exclusively relate to tumor cells as target cells. More specifically the prodrugs are compounds of the formula V—(W)k—(X)l—A—Z, wherein: V is a specifier; (W)k—(X)l—A is an elongated self-elimination spacer system; W and X are each a 1,(4+2n) electronic cascade spacer, being the same or different; A is either a spacer group of formula (Y)m wherein: Y is a 1,(4+2n) electronic cascade spacer, or a group of formula U being a cyclization elimination spacer; Z is a therapeutic drug; k, l and m are integers from 0 (included) to 5 (included); n is an integer of 0 (included) to 10 (included), with the provisos that: —when A is (Y)m: k+l+m≧1, and if k+l+m=1; —when A is U: k+l≧1.

The present invention is directed to a contaminant removal agent comprising a polyvalent metal sulfide on the surface of an inert substrate. The substrate can be a layered silicate, such as vermiculite, an aluminosilicate such as montmorillonite, or a nonlayered silicate such as a zeolite. The agent removes mercury from process streams. The ion exchange to deposit the polyvalent metal on the substrate is preferably performed at a pH above the pHZPC.

Disclosed are an apparatus, system, and method for performing electrospray of biomolecules, particularly peptides, polypeptides, and proteins. The apparatus comprises at least (1) a microfluidic substrate for containing an electrospray microchannel for delivering analyte molecules to a side edge of the substrate, and (2) a porous membrane attached to the side edge for performing electrospray from the exposed membrane surface. In one preferred embodiment, the exposed membrane surface is positioned above a target surface for depositing analyte molecules onto the target surface by electrospray. In another preferred embodiment, a proteolytic enzyme is bound to the porous membrane for performing protein digestion during electrospray.

Systems and methods drawn to an electrochemical cell comprising a low temperature ionic liquid comprising positive ions and negative ions and a performance enhancing additive added to the low temperature ionic liquid. The additive dissolves in the ionic liquid to form cations, which are coordinated with one or more negative ions forming ion complexes. The electrochemical cell also includes an air electrode configured to absorb and reduce oxygen. The ion complexes improve oxygen reduction thermodynamics and / or kinetics relative to the ionic liquid without the additive.

The present invention provides electrochemical cells capable of good electronic performance, particularly high specific energies, useful discharge rate capabilities and good cycle life. Electrochemical cells of the present invention are versatile and include primary and secondary cells useful for a range of important applications including use in portable electronic devices. Electrochemical cells of the present invention also exhibit enhanced safety and stability relative to conventional state of the art primary lithium batteries and lithium ion secondary batteries. For example, electrochemical cells of the present invention include secondary electrochemical cells using anion charge carriers capable of accommodation by positive and negative electrodes comprising anion host materials, which entirely eliminate the need for metallic lithium or dissolved lithium ion in these systems.

Provided herein are compositions and methods for the heterologous production of acetyl-CoA-derived isoprenoids in a host cell. In some embodiments, the host cell is genetically modified to comprise a heterologous nucleotide sequence encoding an acetaldehyde dehydrogenase, acetylating (ADA, E.C. 1.2.1.10) and an MEV pathway comprising an NADH-using HMG-CoA reductase. In some embodiments, the host cell is genetically modified to comprise a heterologous nucleotide sequence encoding an ADA and an MEV pathway comprising an acetoacetyl-CoA synthase. In some embodiments, the genetically modified host cell further comprises one or more heterologous nucleotide sequences encoding a phosphoketolase and a phosphotransacetylase. In some embodiments, the genetically modified host cell further comprises a functional disruption of the native PDH-bypass. The compositions and methods described herein provide an energy-efficient yet redox balanced route for the heterologous production of acetyl-CoA-derived isoprenoids.

The present invention concerns electrode materials capable of redox reactions by electrons and alkaline ions exchange with an electrolyte. The applications are in the field of primary (batteries) or secondary electrochemical generators, super capacitors and light modulating system of the super capacitor type.

The current invention provides for methods and medicaments that apply oligonucleotide molecules complementary only to a repetitive sequence in a human gene transcript, for the manufacture of a medicament for the diagnosis, treatment or prevention of a cis-element repeat instability associated genetic disorders in humans. The invention hence provides a method of treatment for cis-element repeat instability associated genetic disorders. The invention also pertains to modified oligonucleotides which can be applied in method of the invention to prevent the accumulation and / or translation of repeat expanded transcripts in cells.

The present invention relates to a process for the recovery of gallium from Bayer process liquors. Bayer process liquor is obtained from alumina industries and contains 450 g / L Na2O, 80 g / L Al2O3 and 190±20 ppm of gallium. The present invention utilizes an organic and inorganic phase for a two stage separation process to recover gallium with high purity.

Ion exchange resin composite fibers include a substrate fiber, and an ion exchange resin, on the substrate fiber. The ion exchange resin composite fibers exhibit greatly increased kinetic rates of reaction and regeneration.

The present invention relates to methods and apparatuses for heat treatment of semiconductor films upon thermally susceptible non-conducting substrates at a minimum thermal budget are required, and more particularly, to a polycrystalline silicon thin-film transistors (poly-Si TFTs) and PN diodes on glass substrates for various applications of liquid crystal displays (LCDs), organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs), and solar cells. According to the methods and apparatus of the present invention, the semiconductor films can be heat-treated without damaging the thermally susceptible substrates; e.g., crystallization of amorphous silicon films at the minimum thermal budget acceptable for the use of glass, enhancing kinetics of dopant activation at the minimum thermal budget acceptable for the use of glass.

Embodiments of the present invention are directed to flotation of sulfidic materials following aerating by an oxidizing gas and contacting by a sulfoxy reagent.

This invention describes a device for optical stimulation of cells and other biological structures. It has an ability to target multiple cells and / or multiple sub-cellular targets. The stimulation optical pattern on each cell can be independently controlled with individual frequencies. The light sensitivity of the cells can be imparted as a result of genetic expression of surface and / or subsurface proteins, chemical modification of existing proteins, or via the release of caged entities which in turn act to stimulate the cell through chemical means. The embodiment is capable of functioning on neurons but can also be used for other cells. It can perform optimal stimulation with sub-cellular resolutions, record the activity of the targeted cells and perform processing to ensure calibration.

This cathode for electrochemical reactor comprises a diffusion layer and a catalyst layer.It has bimetallic or multimetallic nanoparticles, dispersed in direct contact with the diffusion layer, at least one of the metals being chromium (Cr) wholly or partly in oxidized form.

The invention relates to a two-stage series pressurization direct-driven centrifugal air compressor of a fuel cell engine. The two-stage series pressurization direct-driven centrifugal air compressor comprises end covers, a spindle, volutes, impellers, a rotor, a stator and a driver. The spindle is supported by a left-end radial supporting air foil bearing, a left-end radial supporting air foil bearing bush, an air foil axial thrust bearing and a right-end radial supporting air foil bearing, wherein the left-end radial supporting air foil bearing and the left-end radial supporting air foil bearing bush are arranged on the left side, and the air foil axial thrust bearing and the right-end radial supporting air foil bearing are arranged on the right side of the spindle. The left-end radial supporting air foil bearing bush is arranged on the outer side of the spindle in a surrounding manner. The left-end radial supporting air foil bearing is fixed to the outer side of the left-end radial supporting air foil bearing bush. The air foil axial thrust bearing is fixed to the outer side of the spindle in a bush form. The right-end radial supporting air foil bearing is fixed to the outer side of the air foil axial thrust bearing. Compared with the prior art, the two-stage series pressurization direct-driven centrifugal air compressor is more suitable for the air inlet pressurization scene of the fuel cell engine with the high oilless air inlet requirement, and the durability and reliability of the air compressor of the fuel cell engine can be improved.

The present invention comprises the nitridization of stainless steel with a gaseous nitrogen compound such as nitrogen gas (N2), or ammonia (NH3) at high temperature wherein the reaction pressure is lowered. A base powder with properties similar to those of a martensitic stainless steel is prepared from a molten metal with the subsequent incorporation of selective additives such as cobalt, chromium, boron, copper, vanadium, niobium and mixtures thereof to improve high temperature resistance to scuffing and adhesive wear. The molten mixture is then atomized by water- or air-atomization to yield a base powder which is mixed with nitrogen or ammonia gas at various pressures in a static or fluidized bed to provide a nitrogen alloyed particulate, i.e., a nitrided particulate alloy. The powder is heated in a hot isostatic press under vacuum with argon gas at reduced pressure and later cooled to ambient (room) temperature. A second embodiment of the invention also comprises the use of a wrought iron-based stainless steel or casting as the starting material to be nitrided.

A medium for growing vascular lineage cells is described. The vascular lineage cell growth medium includes an oligosaccharide-based hydrogel and a growth factor that promotes vascularization by vascular lineage cells.

The invention relates to a machine tool comprising frame (1) which has rigid side walls (2, 3) with linear guides (4, 5) on the top; compound slides (6, 11) which is movable and situated in or on the linear guides (4, 5) of the side walls, and which guides a processing unit (14) with a spindle head (15) at a front side so as to move the processing unit (14) vertically; and workpiece holding units (24-28) which are arranged in a gap between the side walls and may include a workbench (28) or a workpiece clamping device. One side wall (3) at the front side is shorter than the other side wall (2) for forming an enlarged access to a working space of the machine tool. The linear guides (4, 5) on the side walls (2, 3) of a machine frame (1) are aligned under an acute angle to a vertical center plane of the machine frame (1).

The present invention provides for increasing fluorescence detection in surface assay systems while increasing kinetics of a bioreaction therein by providing low-power microwaves to irradiate metallic materials within the system in an amount sufficient to increase heat thereby affecting the kinetics of a bioreaction therein.

The invention relates to materials for removing the nitrogen oxides NO and NO2 present in exhaust gases, particularly from internal combustion engines of automotive vehicles running in a medium containing a superstoichiometric proportion of oxidizing agents, said materials being capable of absorbing the nitrogen oxides and of desorbing the nitrogen oxides when the temperature is raised, relative to the absorption temperature, or when the gas composition is changed to a rich mixture, said materials being mixed oxides in which the metals A and B are all octahedrally coordinated and are arranged to form the ilmenite structure ABO3. These materials absorb the nitrogen oxides and do not become poisoned in contact with the sulfur oxides and carbon oxides containing in the gases. In the presence of a group VIII metal, the material is capable of eliminating the adsorbed nitrogen oxides by reduction when the gas composition is changed to a rich mixture.

A method of microwave synthesis of phosphors includes a microwave furnace having a microwave chamber; providing starting material in the microwave chamber; and subjecting the starting material to microwaves, whereby the starting material is synthesized into phosphors. An insulation package for use in microwave synthesis is disclosed that includes an insulator having an opening therein, wherein the opening is substantially symmetrically disposed in relation to a central axis of the insulator, and wherein the opening is adapted to receive starting material. A susceptor configuration may be positioned within the cavity, wherein the insulator, the cavity, and the susceptor configuration are substantially symmetrically disposed in relation to an axis of rotation of the insulation package. A microwave furnace for continuous microwave synthesis of phosphors is also disclosed.

The present invention relates to agglomerated zeolitic adsorbents based on zeolite X with an Si / Al ratio such that 1.15<Si / AL<1.5, consisting of crystals with a mean diameter of 1.7 mm or less and of an inert binder, at least 90% of the exchangeable cationic sites of the zeolite X being occupied by barium ions. They may be obtained by agglomerating a zeolite X powder having a mean diameter of 1.7 mm or less with a binder, followed by zeolitization of the binder, exchange of the zeolite ions with barium (and potassium) ions and activation of the adsorbents thus exchanged. These adsorbents exhibit, simultaneously, excellent selectivity, reduced mass transfer resistance and excellent mechanical strength and are particularly suitable for the adsorption of the paraxylene contained in C8 aromatic hydrocarbon fractions in liquid phase in processes of the simulated moving bed type and especially for the separation of paraxylene of C8 aromatic hydrocarbon fractions by adsorption, but also for the separation of sugars, polyhydric alcohols, cresols, and substituted toluene isomers.

The invention relates to a cavity-structuralized silicon-carbon core-shell nanowire array, and a preparation method and a use thereof. The silicon-carbon core-shell nanowire array comprises a self-supporting structure and ordered silicon-carbon core-shell nanowires forming the structure, wherein an internal cavity exists between the core and the shell of each of the core-shell nanowires. The preparation method of the nanowire array comprises the following steps: chemically etching a silicon wafer, and forming a silicon nanowire array on the surface of the silicon wafer; heating the silicon nanowire array in air to form a silicon oxide layer on the surface of the silicon nanowire; depositing a carbon cladding layer on the silicon oxide coated silicon nanowire through a chemical vapor deposition technology, and removing the silicon oxide layer to prepare a silicon-carbon core-shell nanowire array with a cavity between the core and the shell; and peeling the cavity-structuralized silicon-carbon core-shell nanowire array from the silicon wafer through using an alkaline solution. The obtained self-supporting silicon-carbon core-shell nanowire array can be directly used as an active negative electrode, and has the characteristics of large capacity, stable circulation, long cycle life and practical application values.

Precious metal-containing mineral material is subjected to an acidic thiocyanate leach to dissolve the precious metal as a precious metal-thiocyanate complex. A feed of the thiocyanate leach solution may include a large molar ratio of ferric iron to thiocyanate. Precious metal may be removed from pregnant thiocyanate leach solution, such as by transferring precious metal from precious metal-thiocyanate complex to precious metal-cyanide complex and then loading the precious metal-cyanide complex onto an adsorbent material. Remaining cyanide in the thiocyanate leach solution may be converted to thiocyanate for additional leaching of precious metal.

A minimally invasive method to eliminate circulating agents from an organism to prevent and treat diseases is disclosed. The method utilizes immunomagnetic methods to concentrate and localize disease-associated agents in a small region of the body. Subsequently, the complexes are removed from the body. Removal of disease-causing or disease-promoting agents (circulating tumor cells, bacteria, viruses and virus-infected cells, certain immune cells) would add a significant new option for intervention of disease progression and supplement other therapeutic options.