846 results about "Bayer process" patented technology

Abstract of the Disclosure

Materials and a process are provided whereby polymers with the pendant group or end group containing --Si(OR")₃ (where R" is H, an alkyl group, Na, K, or NH₄) are used to control aluminosilicate scaling in a Bayer process. When materials of the present invention are added to the Bayer liquor before the heat exchangers, they reduce and even completely prevent formation of aluminosilicate scale on heat exchanger walls. The present materials are effective at treatment concentrations that make them economically practical.

The invention discloses a method for dissolving red mud. The method comprises the following specific steps of: mixing Bayer process red mud with white lime in the mass ratio of 1:(0.3-0.9); stirring at the temperature of 80-140 DEG C for reacting for 1-15 hours for calcifying, transforming and dealkalizing; mixing calcified, deformed and dealkalized Bayer process red mud with clear water or a low-concentration sodium aluminate solution in an enclosed container; introducing CO2 into the container to obtain calcified slag containing calcium silicate, calcium carbonate and aluminum hydroxide serving as main components; and extracting aluminum hydroxide from the calcified slag by using a sodium hydroxide solution or an aluminum hydroxide solution. In the method disclosed by the invention, the structure and composition of red mud are changed by adopting calcification transformation and pressurizing calcification transformation methods, so that dealkalization and extraction of aluminum can be realized; and iron is extracted properly, so that the structure and the composition of red mud can meet the requirements of cement production, and the aim of dissolving red mud on a large scale at low cost is fulfilled.

The claimed invention is a method for separating Bayer process red mud from a Bayer process liquor which comprises adding to a Bayer process liquor containing red mud an effective amount of a water soluble synthetic flocculant, dextran and starch combination. The flocculant is added anywhere in the slurry containing the red mud suspended in Bayer process liquor, or in a liquor slurry containing bauxite prior to or during digestion. Once the flocculant combination is added, it is mixed sequentially with the Bayer process liquor and the red mud contained in the Bayer process liquor is removed by sedimentation, centrifugation or filtration.

The invention discloses a method for producing high-performance haydite from red mud, which comprises the following steps: taking 40-70 parts by weight of Bayer-process red mud, 0-30 parts by weight of sintering-process red mud, 5-20 parts by weight of fly ash and 5-30 parts by weight of clay material on dry basis as raw materials; evenly mixing the raw materials with 5-20 parts by weight of water, and putting the mixture on a pelletization plate to carry out pelletization, thereby obtaining the haydite fresh pellets; sintering the haydite fresh pellets, of which the diameters are 0.5-20mm, in a rotary kiln or sintering machine at 1050-1200 DEG C for 15-60 minutes; and quenching the sintered haydite to obtain the high-performance haydite product, of which the density level is 600-900, the water absorptivity is lower than 12%, the cylindrical compressive strength is higher than 7.5MPa and the strength grade is higher than 50MPa. The invention can effectively and massively utilize red mud as the raw material to produce the high-performance haydite, has the advantages of simple manufacturing technique and high product quality, and changes wastes into valuable substances.

The invention discloses a method for extracting aluminum oxide from fly ash. The method comprises the following steps of: a, acid-method treatment: mixing hydrochloric acid and fly ash, and transferring the mixture in a digester, of which the lining is made of polytetrafluoroethylene materials, for digestion, performing the separation of the pulp digested in a settling tank, evaporating and crystallizing upper-part overflow, baking the crystals to decompose the crystals into active coarse aluminum oxide and hydrogen chloride gas, wherein the hydrogen chloride gas is recovered to make acid and the acid is returned to the fly ash settling step; and b, bayer method treatment: mixing the active coarse aluminum oxide and circulating mother liquor, transferring the mixture in the digester for digestion, separating the pulp digested by settlement, performing refined filtration of the upper-part overflow to obtain refined solution, mixing the refined solution and aluminum hydroxide crystal seeds, decomposing the crystal seeds to obtain decomposed mother liquor and aluminum hydroxide, and filtering, washing and baking the aluminum hydroxide to obtain the aluminum oxide product, wherein the decomposed mother liquor is evaporated and then returned to the step of digesting the active coarse aluminum oxide. By adopting the method of the invention, the metallurgical-grade aluminum oxide meeting the requirements on national standards can be prepared.

The present invention relates to a process for the recovery of gallium from Bayer process liquors. Bayer process liquor is obtained from alumina industries and contains 450 g/L Na2O, 80 g/L Al2O3 and 190±20 ppm of gallium. The present invention utilizes an organic and inorganic phase for a two stage separation process to recover gallium with high purity.

The invention relates to a method for preparing aluminum oxide and other products by aluminum-containing materials of bauxite, alunite, nepheline, fly ash, kaolin, coal gangue and clay. The method comprises the following steps: (1) crushing and grinding an aluminum-containing material, carrying out mixing and baking for the treated aluminum-containing material and ammonium bisulfate; (2) carryingout dissolution and filtering for the baked clinker to obtain a crude ammonium aluminum sulfate solution and aluminum extracting residue; (3) carrying out an iron precipitating treatment for the ammonium aluminum sulfate solution with the concentration more than 1 g/L by adopting a jarosite method, then carrying out an iron precipitating treatment by a goethite method, carrying out an aluminum precipitating treatment for the resulting solution, carrying out calcination for the resulting aluminium hydroxide to prepare aluminum oxide; (4) carrying out an iron precipitating treatment for the ammonium aluminum sulfate solution with the concentration less than 1 g/L by adopting the goethite method, and carrying out an aluminum precipitating treatment to prepare aluminum oxide, or adopting a recrystallization method to carry out purification, adopting a reaction of the ammonium aluminum sulfate crystal and a ammonium carbonate solution to precipitate the aluminum to obtain ammonium aluminumcarbonate, carrying out calcination for the ammonium aluminum carbonate, and adopting a Bayer method to treat the calcined ammonium aluminum carbonate to prepare sandy aluminum oxide; (5) washing anddrying the aluminum extracting residue, wherein the dried aluminum extracting residue is adopted as the silicon dioxide product.

The invention relates to a method for recycling iron and aluminum by particle size grading pretreatment of Bayer process red mud, belonging to the technology for recycling red mud resources. The method comprises the following steps: firstly, Bayer process red mud is graded in terms of the particle size by using a physical method into coarse red mud and refined red mud; the coarse red mud is processed using physical mineral dressing processes, such as magnetic separation, gravity separation and the like, in order to obtain iron ore having high iron quality and coarse-grained sand, which are made use of respectively; the refined red mud is mixed with sodium carbonate, limestone and carbon power and is then subjected to reduction sintering, and two processes of magnetizing reduction roasting of iron and soda lime sintering of aluminum are implemented synchronously by means of the control of sintering conditions; sodium aluminate is dissolved out of clinker through dilute alkali solution, dissolved slag is subjected to magnetic separation to recover iron ore concentrate, and after being subjected to dealkalized cleaning, the residual calcium silicon slag is applied to building material industry. The method realizes combined recovery of iron, aluminum and other elements, magnificently achieves the comprehensive utilization of the Bayer process red mud, is capable of effectively relieving environment pollution resulting from the accumulation of the Bayer process red mud, and has excellent economic and social benefits.

The invention discloses a red mud dealkalization method at normal pressure by Bayer process, wherein the dealkalizing step consists of, washing and filtering the red mud, charging lime cream into the red mud filter cake, mixing for dealkalizing reaction, subjecting the reaction slip to washing, filtering, drying and discharging.

The invention relates to a method for producing alumina by utilization of high-aluminum alumyte, which belongs to the technical field of metallurgy. The method comprises: firstly, grinding alumyte ores, and adopting a fluidized bed to perform roasting and desulfurization pretreatment; secondly, treating obtained roasted ores by a Bayer process, and obtaining Al2O3 products after stripping, crystal seed decomposition and calcining treatment; and thirdly, introducing roasted tail gas generated by roasting into red mud under the stirring condition, and absorbing SO2 in the tail gas. The method has low stripping temperature, can effectively remove sulfur element in the ores, has great significance in developing and using the ores for alumina industrial production practice, uses the red mud during industrial production of alumina as an absorbent of the low concentration SO2 tail gas during roasting, and realizes dealkalization and modification treatment and comprehensive utilization of the red mud.

The invention provides a method for safely and efficiently producing sand-like alumina from aluminum ash. The method comprises the steps as follows: 1) aluminum ash is added to a sodium aluminate to react with the sodium aluminate solution, then solid-liquid separation is performed, a first-section digestion liquid and aluminum ash residues are obtained, and hydrogen and ammonia gas are comprehensively utilized; 2) alkali and an additive are added to the aluminum ash residues, raw slurry is obtained, and thus chlorine and fluorine elements are prevented from entering tail gas; 3) the raw slurry is sintered and clinker is obtained; 4) the clinker is added to an adjustment liquid for digestion, and second-section digestion slurry is obtained; 5) the first-section digestion liquid and the second-section digestion slurry are mixed in a Bayer process digestion slurry dilution system for production of the sand-like alumina by the Bayer process system. Nitrogen, fluorine, chlorine, hydrogen and other harmful elements in the aluminum ash are disposed safely, the concentration of organic matter in a Bayer process solution is decreased, and aluminum components are recovered efficiently and economically; for the aluminum ash, the method has the characteristics of safety, high efficiency, low cost and the like; for the Bayer process system, the yield is increased, the solution is purified, and the production efficiency is significantly improved.

The invention discloses a method for preparing a sintering-expanded haydite by taking red mud of Bayer process as a main raw material, comprising the following steps of by taking the red mud of Bayer process, fly ash, wasted glass, starch, carbon powder and sodium hexametaphosphate as raw materials, respectively grinding the red mud of Bayer process, the fly ash and the wasted glass by a sieve of 160 meshes; proportioning and uniformly mixing the sieved raw materials by the following mass ratio: (50-60):(20-25):(15-20):2:2;1 for Bayer process, fly ash, wasted glass, starch, carbon powder and sodium hexametaphosphate respectively; adding the water of 5-10% by mass in the raw material, mixing the mixture for 5-10min, decaying the mixture for 20-30min and forming balls; baking the formed balls in an oven for 2-5h at the temperature of 105 DEG C; drying the balls and preheating the balls in a muffle for 10-30min at the temperature of 600 DEG C; after preheating, quickly moving and baking the balls in a high-temperature Si-Mo furnace for 10-30min at the temperature of 1100-1200 DEG C; and after finishing baking, opening the furnace door, taking out the balls and forcibly cooling the balls. The sintering-expanded haydite prepared by the method has fine vitrification degree on the external surface and uniform internal aperture and takes closed holes as main ones.

The invention provides methods and compositions for improving the production of alumina hydrate. The invention involves adding one or more polysaccharides to liquor or slurry in the fluid circuit of the production process. The one or more polysaccharides can be a cross-linked polysaccharide (such as cross-linked dextran or cross-linked dihydroxypropyl cellulose). The various polysaccharides can impart a number of advantages including at least some of: greater flocculation effectiveness, increasing the maximum effective dosage, faster settling rate. The production process can be a Bayer process.

A process for treating a natural or wastewater containing dissolved Mg or dissolved Al comprising the steps of adding at least one Mg-containing compound or at least one Al-containing compound to the natural or wastewater to thereby form a layered double hydroxide (LDH) containing Mg and Al as predominant metal species in a lattice of the LDH. The LDH may comprise hydrotalcite. The AL-containing compound may be aluminate or aluminium hydroxide derived from the Bayer process or from an alumina refinery.

The invention relates to a method for reclaiming alumina and sodium oxide in red mud of Bayer process. The method comprises the following steps: carrying out leaching reaction of the red mud in 30 to 70 weight percent NaOH solution for 0.2 to 5 hours, according to the weight ratio of alkali solution to red mud being 4:1-8:1, at a leaching temperature between 180 and 250 DEG C, and under a pressure between 0.3 and 1.8MPa; obtaining alkali solution containing sodium aluminate and dealuminized red mud by filtration; crystallizing the alkali solution containing sodium aluminate at a temperature between 50 and 100 DEG C to obtain hydrated sodium aluminate macrocrystal and crystallized mother solution, and applying the crystallized mother solution in leaching reaction circularly; dissolving the hydrated sodium aluminate macrocrystal by water to return to Bayer process production, and obtaining alumina through desiliconization, seed separation and calcination; adding water and calcium oxide with the weight accounting for 5 to 20 percent of that of the dealuminized red mud in the dealuminized red mud to eliminate sodium at a temperature between 100 and 180 DEG C and a liquid-solid ratio ranging from 6:1 to 10:1; and after sodium elimination, the red mud is used for cement production, while the NaOH solution is used for leaching reaction. The method has the advantages of lower dissolution temperature and pressure and 90 percent dissolution rate of alumina.

The invention discloses a method used for extracting iron from red mud by drastic reduction and a method used for preparing a gel material from secondary tailings, and belongs to the field of comprehensive utilization of resources. The method used for extracting iron from red mud by drastic reduction comprises following steps: Bayer process red mud is dried and crushed; the crushed red mud is mixed uniformly with a reducing agent and an auxiliary agent; the mixture is subjected to drastic reduction in a sealed container in a kiln with oxidizing atmosphere or reducing atmosphere; and the cooled material prepared by reduction reaction is subjected to wet milling and magnetic separation so as to obtain the iron powder of drastic reduction with iron grade of 90% or more, and iron recovery rate of 90% or more. The method used for preparing the gel material from secondary tailings comprises following step: the secondary tailings obtained after magnetic separation is dried, and are mixed uniformly with blast furnace slag, cement clinker, an exciting agent and an early strength agent; and then the secondary tailing gel material is prepared, wherein compressive strength and breaking strength of the secondary tailing gel material both meet the requirements of composite Portland cement 325 standard. According to the methods of the invention, the large amount of residual iron is recycled from the red mud, and the secondary tailings are used for preparation of the gel material, so that waste is transformed into valuables, the recovery of red mud iron resource is realized, and a problem of accumulation of red mud is solved.

The invention discloses bayer process red mud composite bricks and the production method thereof. The composite bricks are mixed and produced the following raw materials, bayer process red mud 20 -35 parts, fly ash 15-34 parts, carbide slag 5-15 parts, slag 30-40 parts, cement 5-12 parts and gypsum 0-5 parts. The preparation process of the composite bricks is that after the bayer process red mud is dewatered, mixing and stirring the bayer process red mud with other raw materials, controlling the moisture content of wet base in the range of 12%-20%, the mixture is shaped under the pressure of 15-40MPa, the shaped bricks are produced into products in steam with 0.1-1.3MPa keeping pressure for 5-8h. The product can reach the requirement of the strength grade of fly ash bricks reaching to 10 or more. The total amount of use of industrial waste residue of the technology nearly reaches 90%, the technology has the advantages of no sintering, low energy consumption, no emission of exhaust gas, meeting the country policy of energy saving and emission reduction, having distinctive effects on environmental benefit, social benefit and economic benefit.

The invention discloses a method for preparing belite-sulphate aluminium cement by using coal ashes and bayer-process red mud. The method comprises the following steps: separately crushing and grinding limestone, coal ashes, bayer-process red mud, flue gas desulfurization gypsum and bauxite and sieving; preparing raw materials according to the rate value of the clinker in which Cm is 0.95-1.0, P is 3.50-3.82 and N is 0.8-1.1, wherein the f-(SO3) content in a clinker controlled to be 1-1.5% and f-(CaO) content is controlled to be greater than -2.0%; mixing and tabletting the prepared raw materials; carrying out heat preservation at 1250-1300 DEG C for 0.5-1 hour, and then quenching to obtain the clinker; crushing the clinker and grinding the crushed clinker, gypsum and portland cement clinker together into the specification of 400+/-10m<2>/kg and preparing into cement. The mechanical property and the setting time of the cement disclosed by the invention can meet the requirements of 425 early-strength sulphoaluminate cement, and the belite-sulphate aluminium cement is good in grindability, and has good anti-freezing and anti-permeability performances. The resource utilization rate of the coal ashes and the flue gas desulfurization gypsum can be improved by application of the technology, and especially, a new way is provided for solving comprehensive control problems of the bayer-process red mud.

A method for increasing the floccule size and volume of alumina trihydrate during the Bayer processing of bauxite ore using a flocculant in conjunction with a water continuous polymer. The addition of the flocculant and the water continuous polymer to the alumina trihydrate slurry following the security filtration and settling producing trihydrate that is put through the calcination process to produce purified alumina or used as seed for the precipitation process.

The invention relates to a comprehensive utilization method of bauxite and particularly relates to a comprehensive utilization method of red mud. The method includes: a step of mixing the red mud with hydrochloric acid, adding the mixture into a hydrochloric acid-resistant reactor, and reacting; a step of cooling after the reaction is finished, performing solid liquid separation and washing; a step of adding the obtained solution into a sodium hydroxide solution to obtain an aluminium hydroxide precipitate, an iron hydroxide precipitate and a sodium chloride solution, performing solid liquid separation, and washing; a step of preparing the aluminium hydroxide and iron hydroxide solid into metallurgy-level aluminum oxide and high-iron slag through a simple Bayer process; a step of subjecting the sodium chloride solution to electrolysis by an ionic exchange membrane electrolytic cell to obtain hydrogen, chlorine and a sodium hydroxide solution; a step of returning the sodium hydroxide solution discharged from an ionic membrane cathode zone and recycling; and a step of returning and recycling the obtained hydrogen and the obtained chlorine. The method is obvious in environment protection effects, effectively separates aluminum, iron and silicon in the red mud, and recovers the aluminum, the iron, sodium and other useful elements, thus achieving comprehensive utilization.

A method to produce aluminum oxide with middle-low bauxite relates to a method to produce aluminum oxide with middle-low bauxite by the means of Bayer-method. The invention is characterized in that: during the Bayer-method process, digestion process is to add dealuminization slag instead of lime as additive in middle-low bauxite to do Bayer process digestion; after digestion and backward washing of red mud, the red mud is mixed with recycle alkaline liquor, the lime is added, the digestion reaction is done, the red mud is separated from the slurry and discharged outside, the solution part obtained oppositely washes with Bayer-method, is sent to Bayer-method system to supplement alkali after digesting the red mud, the lime is added partly and is reacted, then, dealuminization slag and recycle alkaline liquor that goes through Bayer-method red mud wet treatment are gotten and dealuminization slag calcium aluminate hydrate instead of lime is added into the Bayer process digestion. The method of the invention belongs to all wet treatment, has simple process, low energy consumption, low alkali consumption and high recovery rate of aluminum oxide and is suitable for treating Chinese bauxite that is mainly middle-low bauxite; besides, the resource utilization is high, the amount of discharged red mud is low and the red mud is easy to be utilized comprehensively.

The invention discloses a method for preparing iron concentrate powder by reducing and magnetizing red mud in a fluidized bed. The method comprises the following steps of: magnetizing, reducing and baking dried and pre-heated red mud powder by an efficient circulating fluidized bed technology; burning exhaust gas in a combustion chamber, wherein the exhaust gas is generated after reducing and baking, a part of burned exhaust gas pre-heats the red mud powder through a multistage cyclone preheater, and the other part of burned exhaust gas is mixed with gas of a gas generating furnace; after adjusting the components of the gas, allowing the mixed gas to get into a circulating fluidized bed, wherein the mixed gas entering the fluidized bed reduces over 90 percent of Fe2O3 in the red mud into Fe3O4; after the reduced and magnetized red mud departs the fluidized bed, cooling the reduced and magnetized red mud in a cooler, wherein a cooling medium is the gas generated in the gas generating furnace; and after cooling the reduced red mud, performing magnetic separation on the red mud to obtain iron concentrate of which the grade is 61 to 65 percent. The iron concentrate is prepared from Bayer process red mud, the recovery rate of ferrum is more than 90 percent, the energy consumption in a baking process is reduced, and the environment is also protected.

The invention discloses a red mud harmless comprehensive recycling technology suitable for a Bayer process. The technology is mainly used for removing alkaline matters in the red mud and selecting a great quantity of iron minerals in the red mud through technical means while separating the radioactive minerals such as zircon, monazite and the like from the red mud at the same time; the separated red mud tailings are used as a large quantity of raw materials for cement processing, brick/tile firing, road building and the like, or used as mine filling materials and the like; the red mud minerals are turned into wealth and sufficiently used; large-scale resource utilization of red mud is realized; and a series of problems in resources and environment and potential safety hazard caused by red mud damming and stacking are fundamentally solved.

The invention discloses a baking-free brick prepared from red mud. Bayer process red mud is high in alkali content, and the problem of efflorescence can be easily caused during the production of a building material. A geopolymer synthesis technology is used for converting alkali in the red mud into an activator in an activation way, so that problems caused by the alkali during the utilization of the red mud are solved. The baking-free brick is mainly prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 3 to 8 parts of water glass, 15 to 20 parts of active initiator, 70 to 80 parts of red mud and 0.5 to 1 part of micro silicon powder. The baking-free brick is prepared by the following steps of sequentially adding the red mud, the active initiator, the water glass and the micro silicon powder into a forced mixer, performing extrusion forming by using a brick making machine after uniform mixing, standing a brick blank for 1 to 2 hours under natural conditions to endow certain hardness to the brick blank, feeding the brick blank to an autoclave, and performing autoclaved curing for 2 to 4 hours under pressure of 0.8 to 1.2MPa to obtain a finished product. The baking-free brick prepared from red mud is low in cost, stable in product performance, strong in compressive strength and high in freezing and thawing cycle resistance, a production process is simple, the production site is small, and efflorescence after building is avoided.