The invention discloses a method for harmlessly treating aluminum ash and preparing sandy alumina. The method disclosed by the invention mainly comprises the following main steps of remelting, alkaline washing, drying and sintering, dissolving out, filtrating and purifying, carbon component decomposition, and roasting, and is specifically implemented by taking aluminum ash produced in the processes of aluminum electrolytic smelting and coarse aluminum refining as a raw material through the process post-treatment steps of recovering metallic aluminium, carrying out alkaline wash for removing impurities, sintering sodium carbonate, dissolving out sintered clinker, carrying out deep impurities removal on a sodium aluminate solution, separating and washing carbon components and aluminum hydroxide, roasting aluminum hydroxide, evaporating carbon component mother liquor, and the like, so that a sandy alumina product is obtained. Fluorine in aluminum ash, after being discharged in silicon fluoride form, is absorbed by using an aqueous solution. The method disclosed by the invention realizes the harmless treatment of aluminum ash, the method is simple in process and low in production cost, and the environmental pollution and the resource wastes caused by the aluminum ash are avoided.