The invention relates to the field of textile fabric processing, in particular to a textile fabric processing system and a processing method. The textile fabric processing system comprises a servo motor, a fabric dust removal mechanism, a fabric guide roller, a dust removal chamber, a sliding door, tensioning pressure rollers, linkage frames, ironing rollers, a dust collection mechanism, a frame board and supporting legs. The servo motor is fixedly connected to the frame board through a motor seat and is in transmission connection with the fabric dust removal mechanism, and the fabric dust removal mechanism is rotationally and fittingly connected to the inner middle of the dust removal chamber which is fixedly connected to the frame board. By the textile fabric processing system, spreading, dust removal and ironing processing of textile fabrics can be realized, smoothness and cleanness of the textile fabrics can be improved conveniently, and product quality is further improved. The textile fabric processing method is scientific and reasonable, excellent in process and beneficial to improvement of textile fabric production and processing efficiency.