The invention discloses an online detection tester for a rotary drive pair mechanism. The online detection tester is characterized by comprising a first guide rail, a first
drive motor, a first rigid
coupling, a first supporting plate, a first
torque sensor, a universal
coupling, a second guide rail, an electric loading cylinder, a first spindle box, a first test piece, a second test piece, a second supporting plate, a second spindle box, a second rigid
coupling, a second
torque sensor, a third rigid coupling, a second
drive motor, a base, an acceleration sensor, a temperature sensor, a displacement sensor and a
pressure sensor. The acceleration sensor, the temperature sensor, the displacement sensor and the
pressure sensor are used for detecting and controlling the other devices. The online detection tester can be used for online detection of material behaviors of friction pairs such as rings, rolls, ball and disc in a contact area on conditions of different loads and different rotational speeds, and can also be used for
system testing of different transmission methods such as
gear transmission, belt transmission, chain transmission and the like, and thus,
surface change, friction abrasion, friction
power consumption, stress, service behaviors of drive pairs during transmission can be analyzed.