The invention discloses a pressure maintaining rock core transfer device and method. The pressure maintaining rock core transfer device includes a transfer chamber, the transfer chamber is a hollow cavity with openings at both ends, the front end and the rear end of the transfer chamber are separately connected with a transfer tube through sealing washers, a rock core chamber and support frames are arranged in the transfer chamber, one ends of the support frames are fixedly connected with the outer wall of the rock core chamber, the other ends of the support frames are connected with the innerwall of the transfer chamber through pulleys, so that the rock core chamber can slide in the transfer chamber, the transfer tube is provided with a flap valve and a driving mechanism connected to theflap valve, the transfer tube at the rear end of the transfer chamber is connected with a sealing valve through a quick connector, the other end of the sealing valve is connected with an adapter, andthe sealing valve moves under the action of the driving mechanism to realize the sealing of the transfer chamber; the transfer chamber is also connected with a pressure balancing control unit, the pressure balancing control unit comprises a safety valve, a shut-off valve, an accumulator and a pressure gauge, the pressure gauge is connected with the transfer chamber, the accumulator is connected with the transfer chamber through the shut-off valve, and the other end of the shut-off valve is connected with the safety valve; and the pressure maintaining rock core transfer device is suitable forall types of pressure-maintaining core-taking operations.