The invention discloses a self-adaption profile modification blade abrasive belt polishing machine tool, comprising a machine tool body, an X-axis carriage, an X-axis carriage, a C-axis rotary table, a Y-axis sliding block, an abrasive belt polishing head component, an air cylinder, and the like, wherein a pressure compensation element is in series connection between the abrasive belt polishing head component and the air cylinder to cooperate with the air cylinder to form a polishing contact pressure. During machining, the polishing machine tool performs interpolation feed according to an ideal polishing track; due to the existence of a blade profile error (or waveness), the polishing contact point deviates from the ideal polishing track in a pressure shaft direction, and the acting pressure of the pressure compensation element changes along with the deviation, so as to realize the polishing contact pressure compensation; the pressure compensation element can utilize a constant-pressure type gas bearing with oppositely arranged air cushions, and realizes the polishing contact pressure compensation effect by utilizing a pressure balance function to the oppositely arranged air cushions. The self-adaption profile modification blade abrasive belt polishing machine tool has the advantages that the response speed of pressure compensation is increased, the self-adaption modification on the profile error (or waveness) during blade polishing machining is realized, and the profile precision is improved.