254 results about "Peak pressure" patented technology

A system and method for ventilating a lung in a living being by varying the peak inspiratory pressure. The peak inspiratory pressure may deviate about a mean that is chosen to correspond with a knee in a pressure-volume curve of the lung.

A system is provided for proceeding with filtration of liquids in a manner having enhanced control characteristics. Yields are enhanced. The system and method can be used to maintain a substantially constant trans-membrane pressure. When desired, that constant trans-membrane pressure is especially well-suited to yield enhancement for the particular liquid being filtered, concentrated or collected, while minimizing a risk of damage to or loss of valuable components. Additionally, a constant feed rate or pump output can be maintained. Approaches also are described for determining optimal filtration conditions, including trans-membrane pressure and feed rate. Also described is a system and method for determining pressures in a pulsating system with enhanced accuracy by using a peak pressure mode.

An oxygen concentrator system that includes or can be expanded to include more than one compressor is provided. The system utilizes a controller that is adapted to selectively activate or deactivate one or more of the compressors to optimize system performance and efficiency. Multiple compressors can be selected to operate at the same time, thereby enabling the system to operate at a higher peak pressure, increase the recovery of the PSA cycle, and expand the product rate. The additional compressors can also be removed when not in use so as to reduce weight of the system. In some implementations, the system housing reserves a certain amount of space for accommodating additional compressors and related components, which can be added to the system as after market parts. In other implementations, the additional compressor can be located external to the system.

A method and apparatus for determining cardiac parameters within the body of a patient includes a wireless sensor positioned in the patient's pulmonary artery. An external RF telemetry device communicates wirelessly with the sensor and interrogates the sensor to determine changes in pressure in the pulmonary artery over time. The peak pressure difference is determined. Then, assuming zero blood flow velocity at the time of valve opening and at the time of valve closing, a velocity-time function is determined. The velocity-time function is used to determine a velocity-time integral. The velocity-time integral is then used to determine cardiac stroke volume. The cardiac stroke volume is multiplied times the heartbeat rate to determine cardiac output. The cardiac output can be monitored over time to determine continuous cardiac output.

An orthopedic walking boot promotes rapid healing of diabetic foot ulcerations by lowering the maximum peak pressure imposed upon the foot. The walker has a hard unyielding shell which is designed for walking. The shell closely and rigidly supports a mid-sole in a foot-shaped bed. The mid-sole has a foot-shaped cavity with rounded sides adapted to form resilient support for the heel, arch and sides of a foot in addition to the bottom of a foot. A conformable inner-sole is adapted to fit over the foot-shaped cavity in the mid-sole and be compressed in response to foot pressure between the sides and bottom of the foot and the sides and bottom of the foot-shaped cavity in the mid-sole thereby compensating for small differences between the shape of the foot and the shape of the cavity. Weight applied to the foot is transferred to the walking shell by contact between the sides of the foot, arch, and heel and the arch, heel and sides of the foot-shaped cavity as well as the bottom of the cavity thereby decreasing the peak or maximum unit pressure on the plantar surface of the foot. A breathable bootie which wraps the foot and lower leg in a protective “cocoon” is preferably secured to the upper surface of the insole thereby preventing foreign materials from entering the foot cavity.

Methods and systems for determining whether a catheter malfunction is present in a catheter by analyzing changes in the pressure of fluids being pumped through the delivery lumen of the catheter. The pressure changes that may be monitored may include, e.g., the peak pressure within the catheter and/or the pressure decay profile. The catheter malfunctions that may be determined using the methods and systems of the invention may include, e.g., leaks, blockages, the presence of gas bubbles, etc.

Reductions in energy consumption and maintenance requirements for operating a wastewater treatment plant are achieved by controlling the operation of pumps at pump stations along a force main in a systematic fashion. The operation of the pumps is controlled to manage the flow of wastewater along the force main to minimize energy consumption, to eliminate sediment, to manage peak pressures encountered by smaller pumps and to avoid septic conditions.

A method and apparatus for providing automatic pressure balancing of an internal combustion engine. The engine includes cylinders, fuel injector valves provided to selectively deliver fuel directly into the cylinders, fuel-balancing valves each fluidly connected to the fuel injector valves for controlling the fuel delivered to the fuel injector valves and cylinder pressure sensors each mounted to one of the cylinders. The method comprises an automatic pressure balancing procedure including the steps of monitoring a cylinder pressure in each of the cylinders, determining a peak combustion pressure produced in each of the cylinders, calculating a mean peak pressure produced in all of the cylinders, calculating a pressure difference between the mean and the peak pressure and incrementally adjusting the fuel delivered by one of the fuel-balancing valves to the corresponding fuel injector valve mounted to the cylinder having the pressure difference larger than a predetermined pressure value.

Coated inflatable fabrics, more particularly airbags to which very low add-on amounts of coating have been applied, are provided which exhibit extremely low air permeabilities. The inventive fabrics are primarily for use in automotive restraint cushions which require low permeability characteristics (such as side curtain airbags). Traditionally, heavy, and thus expensive, coatings of compounds such as neoprene, silicones and the like, have been utilized to provide such required low permeability. The inventive fabric utilizes an inexpensive, very thin coating to provide such necessary low permeability levels. Thus, the inventive coated airbag possesses a coating of at most 3.0 ounces per square yard, most preferably about 0.8 ounces per square yard, and exhibits a leak-down time (a measurement of the time required for the entire amount of gas introduced within the airbag at peak pressure during inflation to escape the airbag at 10 psi) of at least 5 seconds as well as very low packing volumes (for more efficient use of storage space within a vehicle). All coatings, in particular elastomeric, preferably, though not necessarily, non-silicon coatings, and coated airbags meeting these criteria are intended to reside within the scope of this invention.

The invention relates to the technical field of urban rail transit and transportation and provides a real-time rail transit passenger flow prediction and passenger guiding system.The real-time rail transit passenger flow prediction and passenger guiding system comprises a station passenger flow operation module for reading the number of passengers entering stations, substituting a Poisson model and performing accurate calculation to obtain the true number of passengers entering the stations, a train carried passenger operation module for reading an operation planning map of trains running on the same day and calculating the actual passenger capacity and the number of passengers waiting for the trains when the trains arrive at the stations, and a station stranded passenger operation module for calculating the number of stranded passengers at each station and calculating the load factor of each station of running routes of all trains, wherein if the load factors of middle stations of the routes are 1, it is indicated that the trains running along the routes are full, the stations at full strength and the number of stranded passengers at the current stations are displayed on a large screen in real time, and alternative trip plans leading to all destinations are provided.The real-time rail transit passenger flow prediction and passenger guiding system can predict stranded passenger flows at stations, takes preventive measures, avoids passenger stranding, reduces the peak pressure of rail transit and makes citizens' trips more convenient and safer.

A method of vascular testing includes inflating a cuff at a vascular location, controllably deflating the cuff, producing a pressure waveform while deflating the cuff, and producing an output representing a pressure at which blood flow returns, while deflating the cuff, based upon analysis of the pressure waveform. Further, a testing system for measuring vascular pressures according to the present invention includes a pressure applicator, a pressure sensor, and a diagnostic test unit. The pressure applicator is positionable along exterior portions of a human body for dynamically applying pressure to a desired vascular location. The pressure sensor is capable of detecting oscillations in a pressure at the pressure applicator. The testing system is capable of determining a peak pressure oscillation amplitude, and is also capable of determining, as a function of the peak pressure oscillation amplitude, a pressure of a return of flow at the desired vascular location as pressure applied to the desired vascular location by the pressure applicator is lessened.

Coated inflatable fabrics, more particularly airbags to which very low add-on amounts of coating have been applied, are provided which exhibit extremely low air permeabilities. The inventive fabrics are primarily for use in automotive restraint cushions which require low permeability characteristics (such as side curtain airbags). Traditionally, heavy, and thus expensive, coatings of compounds such as neoprene, silicones and the like, have been utilized to provide such required low permeability. The inventive fabric utilizes an inexpensive, very thin coating to provide such necessary low permeability levels. Thus, the inventive coated airbag possesses a coating of at most 3.0 ounces per square yard, most preferably about 0.8 ounces per square yard, and exhibits a leak-down time (a measurement of the time required for the entire amount of gas introduced within the airbag at peak pressure during inflation to escape the airbag at 10 psi) of at least 7 seconds. All coatings, in particular elastomeric, non-silicon coatings, and coated airbags, meeting these criteria are intended to reside within the scope of this invention.

There is provided a method to determine a combustion parameter for an internal combustion engine. The method comprises monitoring cylinder pressure and crank angle during a combustion cycle, and determining a peak cylinder pressure, a crank angle location of the peak cylinder pressure, and a cylinder pressure at a closing of an intake valve. A combustion parameter is calculated based upon the peak cylinder pressure, the cylinder pressure at the closing of the intake valve for the combustion cycle, the crank angle location of the peak cylinder pressure, the cylinder volume at the location of the peak cylinder pressure, and the cylinder volume at the closing of the intake valve for the combustion cycle. The combustion parameter correlates to an instantaneous heat release of a cylinder charge for the combustion cycle.

A firearm noise and recoil suppressor having a plurality of ported channels in fluid contact with the barrel to redirect some of the firing gasses for the purpose of distributing the firing propellant gasses out the discharge end of the firearm. The channels redirect part of the propellent gasses to exit the barrel at times other than when the main projectile discharge occurs thus reducing peak pressure, thus reducing noise and recoil. The channels are contained within the tubular device, being in fluid communication with the projectile passageway through ports that regulate the amount of gas flow. The channels direct gasses to exit the device through apertures at the projectile exit end of the device in at an angle of between parallel to the projectile to up to perpendicularly.

An oscillatory chest compression device includes an oscillatory air flow generator and a positive air flow generator. A first feedback system controls the oscillation rate of the oscillatory air flow generator, and a second feedback system controls the peak pressure created by the positive air flow generator.

The invention is a fan revolution control method for controlling a pump-motor system, by controlling the fan revolution speed of a cooling fan adapted to be rotated by a fan motor to cool cooling target fluids. The pump-motor system drives the fan motor by a hydraulic fluid fed from a fan pump driven by an engine. The pump-motor system is controlled so the fan revolution speed starts from the minimum fan revolution speed when the engine is started up; the minimum fan revolution speed is maintained for at least several seconds; after the elapse of several seconds, the fan revolution speed is gradually increased from the minimum fan revolution speed. The fan revolution speed reaches a target fan revolution speed over a period of at least several seconds. The method prevents generation of peak pressure or pressure hunting.

The invention discloses a polishing method and device based on a laser shock wave, a structure for implementing the method comprises high energy pulse laser, a constraint layer, the laser shock wave, an absorption layer, a rigid contact film, a micro bump and a metal workpiece. The working principle is that the absorption layer generates plasma explosion under the irradiation of the high energy pulse laser, the plasma explosion generates a high-pressure shock wave under the constraint action of the constraint layer, the micro bump can be taken as an uniaxial stress state under the action of the shock wave, and the surface of the metal workpiece can be taken as an uniaxial strain state under the action of the shock wave. At the uniaxial stress state, when shock wave peak pressure is greater than the dynamic yield strength of material, the material generates plastic deformation, at the uniaxial strain state, when the shock wave peak pressure is greater than the HEL (Hugoniot Elastic Limit) of the material, the material generates plastic deformation; through controlling the power density of the high energy pulse laser, the shock wave peak pressure is between delta <dyn>Y and HEL of metal, the micro bump can be ironed by the rigid contact film, and macroscopical plastic deformation is not generated on the surface of the metal, so that a polishing effect is realized. The polishing method and device can be applied to polishing processing on the surface of the metal.