The invention relates to a device (1) for
processing, in particular deep rolling, shafts (4) and other components, comprising two live centres (2A, 2B) for receiving a shaft (4) to be processed on both sides, at least one drive (6A, 6B) for rotating the shaft (4) to be processed, at least one pair of rolling tools (8A, 8A', 8B, 8B', 8C, 8C') for
processing, in particular deep rolling, the shaft (4) to be processed, wherein the two live centres (2A, 2B) are arranged on a central axis (3), wherein at least one live centre (2B) can be moved along the central axis (3), wherein at least one pair of rolling tools (8A, 8A', 8B, 8B', 8C, 8C') is arranged on a moving axial
carriage (10A, 10B, 10C), which can be moved along the central axis (3), and wherein the rolling tools (8A, 8A', 8B, 8B', 8C, 8C') can be moved in a radial direction relative to the central axis (3). In order to achieve an efficient
processing of components with a different geometry, at least one change-over device (11A, 11A', 11B, 11B') is provided for exchanging the rolling tools (8A, 8A', 8B, 8B'). The invention also relates to the use of a device of this type for deep rolling shafts (4), in particular wheel set axles of wheels sets for rail vehicles.