The invention discloses a supported sulfur-resistant low-carbon alcohol catalyst, which is expressed as MC-M1-M2/S, wherein the carbide of a metal M is used as an active ingredient; metals M1 and M2 are used as assistants; the active ingredient of the catalyst is supported by an oxide carrier S; the M supporting capacity of the carrier is 15 to 50 weight percent based on the weight of S; the molar ratio of the M1 to M2 to M is 0.01-0.5:0.1-1:1; M is one or more of Mo, W, and V; M1 is one or more of Fe, Co, Ni, Cr, Mn, La, Y and Ce; M2 is one or more of K, Na, Be and Mg; and S is one or more of SiO2, ZrO2, Al2O3, MgO and TiO2. The catalyst has the advantages of high sulfur resistance, high stability, high activity, high C2+ alcohol selectivity and long service life.