The present invention discloses a radio-frequency signal perception device based on a photoelectric oscillator. The device comprises a laser source, a polarization controller, a Mach-Zehnder modulator, an electromagnetic field sensor, an optical fiber coupler, an adjustable radio frequency band-pass filter, a radio-frequency amplifier, an optical filter, an intermediate-frequency band-pass filterand two photoelectric detectors; the laser source, the polarization controller, the Mach-Zehnder modulator, the electromagnetic field sensor and the photoelectric detectors are connected through optical fibers; radio frequency input ports of the photoelectric detectors, the optical fiber coupler, the adjustable radio frequency band-pass filter, the radio-frequency amplifier and the Mach-Zehnder modulator are connected in order; and one output of the optical fiber coupler, the optical fiber, the photoelectric detectors and the intermediate-frequency band-pass filter are connected in order. Theradio-frequency signal perception device achieves intermediate-frequency receiving of the high-frequency broadband electromagnetic field, reduce the cost of receiving the high-frequency device, does not need an external local oscillator, and is simple in electromagnetic sensor structure and good in radio-frequency signals to be received and the isolation of the local oscillator.