The invention discloses a dual-mode surface plasmon coupled emission (SPCE) fluorescence imaging detection device and a dual-mode surface plasmon coupled emission fluorescence imaging detection method, and relates to fluorescence imaging detection. The device comprises a sample system, an incident arm system and a detection arm system, wherein the sample system comprises double rotary tables, a sample holder, a prism and an optical quartz substrate; the double rotary tables comprise an upper rotary table, a lower rotary table and a central shaft; the incident arm system comprises a laser source, an attenuator, a polarizer, an microobjective, a pinhole, a planoconvex lens, a square iris diaphragm and a first optical guide rail; the detection arm system comprises a light filter, an imaging lens, a CCD (charge coupled device) receiver and a second optical guide rail. The size of the square iris diaphragm in the incident arm system is adjusted to obtain a rectangular incident light spot with a proper size; the detection of SPCE imaging in an RK (Kretschmann) mode is selected; the detection of SPCE imaging in a KR (Reverse Kretschmann) mode is selected. Therefore, the problem of difficulty for detection when a fluorescence signal is weak in the single RK mode can be effectively avoided.