1821 results about "Corona discharge" patented technology

The invention relates to a system for igniting a fuel-air mixture in a combustion chamber with a corona discharge. The system comprises an electrode inside of the combustion chamber, an electric circuit which provides radio frequency electric power to the electrode, and a ground formed by the combustion chamber walls. A radio frequency voltage differential formed between the electrode and the ground produces a radio frequency electric field therebetween which causes a fuel-air mixture to ionize resulting in combustion of the fuel-air mixture. The system can be utilized in engines such as internal combustion engines or gas turbine engines, for example.

A multiple function atmospheric pressure ion source interfaced to a mass spectrometer comprises multiple liquid inlet probes configured such that the sprays from two or more probes intersect in a mixing region. Gas phase sample ions or neutral species generated in the spray of one probe can react with reagent gas ions generated from one or more other probes by such ionization methods as Electrospray, photoionization, corona discharge and glow discharge ionization. Reagent ions may be optimally selected to promote such processes as Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization of neutral sample molecules, or charge reduction or electron transfer dissociation of multiply charged sample ions. Selected neutral reagent species can also be introduced into the mixing region to promote charge reduction of multiply charged sample ions through ion-neutral reactions. Different operating modes can be performed alternately or simultaneously, and can be rapidly turned on and off under manual or software control.

An ion mobility spectrometer comprises an ion mobility cell (10) into which molecules of a sample to be analysed are introduced. The ion mobility cell (10) is doped with ions produced by a corona discharge ionisation source (40). In one mode of operation, the corona discharge ionisation source (40) operates to produce a continual dopant stream, and in a second mode of operation, the corona discharge ionisation source (40) produces dopant ions selectively. In the non-continuous mode of operation, the ion mobility cell (10) may be doped with chemical dopant ions instead, switching between the two dopant regimes being accomplished very rapidly. The ion mobility spectrometer is particularly suitable for the detection of explosive compounds and narcotics, the ion mobility spectrum of explosives doped with ions from the corona discharge ionisation source differing from the ion mobility spectrum of such explosive compounds doped with chemical dopants.

A method for making surface corona discharge, which produces ozone gas and apparatus for producing the same are disclosed, in which a dielectric spacer/film having a specific capacity C' equal to or more than 200 nanofarad per square meter positioned between the base electrode and the net electrode. Said net electrode is a wire net or a perforated metal or a wire winding having an open area not less than about 70%, and a size of hole D equals to or less than about 0.7V/P, where V is a voltage in kilovolts and P is pressure of an ambient air or an oxygen in atmospheres. Net electrode has radius R of wire or radius of an edge of openings in the perforated metal equal to or more than about 1.6d, where d is the thickness of the said dielectric spacer/film, which is determined by a fundamental formula d=9k/C', where d is in millimeters, C' is in nF/m2, and k is dimensionless dielectric constant k of given material. Under disclosed parameters said surface corona is safe for human contact if said net electrode is grounded. Start voltage Vst of ozone production is determined by experimental formula Vst=0.7+60/C', kV, here C' in nF/m2. The even and high intensity corona surface and high ozone output takes place if the operating voltage is more than about 3Vst. AC power supply is applied to produce ozone gas at "home" voltage 0.7-1.0 kV and produces ozone gas more effectively at 2,5-3.6 kV. A method for disinfection and decontamination of objects by using the direct corona contact and apparatus for making the same is disclosed, in which safe corona surface is placed on said object and is acting by ozone, ultraviolet and ion bombing simultaneously in the unique environment, which takes place inside of the safe corona. A method for ozone disinfection and decontamination and devices for making the same is disclosed, in which said ozone generating element is placed in a closed container/room with or without treated objects and produce a high ozone concentration due to effective ozone dispersion from corona surface without blowing of air/oxygen through said container/room.

An electrical apparatus includes a reaction chamber. A stream of contaminated gasses flows through the chamber. An elongated coronating electrode is positioned in the reaction chamber for producing a corona discharge within the chamber. A multi-stage Fitch generator connected to the electrode produces a high level, rapidly pulsating voltage in the electrode. Controlled amounts of an inert gas or inert gas-air mixture are combined with the contaminated gases to provide a high concentration of inert gas in the reaction chamber. In the inert gas-enriched atmosphere, the pulsating corona discharge produces a high concentration of metastable intermediates that greatly increase the rate of chemical conversion of the contaminants. Switching circuitry allows the pulsating voltage output of the Fitch generator to be superimposed on a constant direct current voltage in the electrode, setting up an electrostatic field in the reaction chamber for removing conversion byproducts from the gas stream.

An Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization (APCI) source interfaced to a mass spectrometer is configured with a corona discharge needle positioned inside the APCI inlet probe assembly. Liquid sample flowing into the APCI inlet probe is nebulized and vaporized prior to passing through the corona discharge region all contained in the APCI inlet probe assembly Ions produced in the corona discharge region are focused toward the APCI probe centerline to maximize ion transmission through the APCI probe exit. External electric fields penetrating into the APCI probe exit end opening providing additional centerline focusing of sample ions exiting the APCI probe. The APCI probe is configured to shield the electric field from the corona discharge region while allowing penetration of an external electric field to focus APCI generated ions into an orifice into vacuum for mass to charge analysis. Ions that exit the APCI probe are directed only by external electric fields and gas flow maximizing ion transmission into a mass to charge analyzer. The new APCI probe can be configured to operate as a stand alone APCI source inlet probe, as a reagent ion gun for ionizing samples introduced on solids or liquid sample probes or through gas inlets in a multiple function ion source or as the APCI portion of a combination Electrospray and APCI multiple function ion source. Sample ions and gas phase reagent ions are generated in the APCI probe from liquid or gas inlet species or mixtures of both.

A process for modifying the surface of an inorganic or organic substrate with strongly adherent nanoparticles is described, providing to the surface modified substrate durable effects like hydrophobicity, hydrophilicity, electrical conductivity, magnetic properties, flame retardance, color, adhesion, roughness, scratch resistance, UV-absorbance, antimicrobial properties, antifouling properties, antiprotein properties, antistatic properties, antifog properties, release properties. In this process, an optional first step a) a low-temperature plasma, ozonization, high energy irradiation, corona discharge or a flame is caused to act on the inorganic or organic substrate, and in a second step b) one or more defined nanoparticles or mixtures of defined nanoparticles with monomers, containing at least one ethylenically unsaturated group, or solutions, suspensions or emulsions of the afore-mentioned substances, are applied, preferably at normal pressure, to the inorganic or organic substrate. In a third step c) suitable methods are applied to dry or cure those afore-mentioned substances and, optionally, in a fourth step d) a further coating is applied on the substrate so pretreated.

The invention provides a transformer paper oil insulation experiment device integrated with electric heating combination ageing and partial discharge, and provides a corresponding experiment method. The experiment device comprises a high voltage portion, a low voltage portion and a sealing tank portion. The device can provide a platform of electric heating combination ageing and partial discharge experiments for a transformer paper oil insulation defect model, and can provide experiments of corona discharge, creeping discharge and air-gap discharge models in oil. The device has good air-tight performance, and can be isolated from external air and other influences. The whole system self cannot produce partial discharge, and the device cannot produce rust and other impurities in the partial discharge, can guarantee reliability of the partial discharge, and is simple in structure, convenient to operate, and capable of achieving good test effects.

An apparatus and method for regenerating ion samples for a mass spectrometer are provided. Source samples are loaded on a support which is heated by a laser beam, desorbing the sample without ionization. The desorbed sample is carried by a carrier gas flow through a transfer tube, at the output of which it is ionized by corona discharge or photo-ionization. The obtained ionized sample may be analyzed in a mass spectrometer or used to serve any other appropriate purpose.

The invention relates to a method for preparing a melt-blown polypropylene electret filter material. The method comprises the following steps of: 1) modification of polypropylene: melting the raw material, polypropylene, and mixing the melt with an additive to obtain modified polypropylene; 2) melt-blown preparation process: a) in a molten state, feeding the modified polypropylene melt into a spinneret plate by using a metering pump; b) extruding the modified polypropylene melt from a spinneret orifice; and c) blowing the melt extruded out from the spinneret orifice into ultrafine fibers by using high-speed hot air to make the fibers fly to a condenser net curtain to form a fiber net through cooling and bonding; and 3), preparation process of an electret: passing the fiber net obtained in step (2) through an electrode of a corona discharge device and obtaining the electret through the discharging of the electrode. The melt-blown electret high-efficiency filter material obtained by the method has the advantages of very high electret charge stability, excellent filtering efficiency, very low pressure loss, long service life and optimal economic benefit.

A corona discharge mass spectrometer or an ion mobility spectrometer is provided with a robust corona discharge ionization source. The corona discharge ionization source, which can be operated at atmospheric pressures or at low vacuum, includes a multi-thread electrode and plane electrode. The multiple thread electrode has multiple discharge tips which provide redundancy, and improve ionization stability and the reliability and efficiency of the ionization source.

The invention discloses a measuring device and method for a trap parameter of solid dielectric. The solid dielectric material is charged by using a three-electrode corona discharge system; a material sample to be tested is placed below a single-needle electrode and a metal mesh electrode; the sample is adhered to a metal disc electrode through conductive silicone grease and is charged by the three-electrode system; after charging is ended, an external voltage is removed, and short circuit discharge is performed to remove surface free loads; surface potential of the measured sample is attenuated; and the trap energy level and the trap density parameter of the material can be calculated through a signal conditioning circuit and a data acquisition system. The measuring device comprises a constant temperature box, the three-electrode coronate charging system, a surface potential measuring system, a sample preheating system, a rotary electrode and a temperature and humidity control system. The invention provides an effective analysis means for research in representation of an aging condition of a polymer insulating material and an aging rule of polymer by the trap parameter and research in aspects such as a solid dielectric surface electrification phenomenon and surface flashover performance influence.

Disclosed herein are detectable refrigerant compositions, comprising from about 0.001 to about 5 weight percent tracer compositions, which are useful to identify leaking in a vapor compression refrigeration and/or air conditioning system. The presence of the tracers make the refrigerant compositions detectable by chemo/electro-active array, corona discharge, heated diode, electrochemical, photoionization, infra red, ultrasonic and electron capture detectors.

A thermostat comprising a body, a passage, and at least one corona discharge apparatus is provided. The passage passes through the body and extends between an inlet and an outlet. The corona discharge apparatus is positioned within the passage to draw air into the passage through the inlet and to expel the fluid through the outlet such that the thermostat is able to sense the actual ambient air within the structure within which it is mounted without having to rely on free rise convection of the air. As such, the thermostat is able to be flush mounted in a wall or other structure.