83results about How to "Efficient ionization" patented technology

Systems and methods are provided for applying a high frequency voltage in the presence of an electrically conductive fluid to create a relatively low-temperature plasma for ablation of tissue adjacent to, or in contact with, the plasma. In one embodiment, an electrosurgical probe or catheter is positioned adjacent the target site so that one or more active electrode(s) are brought into contact with, or close proximity to, a target tissue in the presence of electrically conductive fluid. High frequency voltage is then applied between the active electrode(s) and one or more return electrode(s) to non-thermally generate a plasma adjacent to the active electrode(s), and to volumetrically remove or ablate at least a portion of the target tissue. The high frequency voltage generates electric fields around the active electrode(s) with sufficient energy to ionize the conductive fluid adjacent to the active electrode(s). Within the ionized gas or plasma, free electrons are accelerated, and electron-atoms collisions liberate more electrons, and the process cascades until the plasma contains sufficient energy to break apart the tissue molecules, causing molecular dissociation and ablation of the target tissue.

Systems and methods are provided for applying a high frequency voltage in the presence of an electrically conductive fluid. High frequency voltage is then applied between the active electrode(s) and one or more return electrode(s) to volumetrically remove or ablate at least a portion of the target tissue. In one embodiment a tissue treatment surface includes spacers or a chamber for containing the electrodes.

The showerhead for a CVD apparatus can be easily produced and is capable of forming a film efficiently. The showerhead comprises: a shower plate being made of a metal; and a porous plate contacting a rear face of the shower plate. A plurality of gas diffusion holes are formed in a plate section of the shower plate, which faces a workpiece, and penetrate the plate section in the thickness direction, and the porous plate covers all of the gas diffusion holes.

Systems and methods are provided for applying a high frequency voltage in the presence of an electrically conductive fluid to create a relatively low-temperature plasma for ablation of tissue adjacent to, or in contact with, the plasma. In one embodiment, an electrosurgical probe or catheter is positioned adjacent the target site so that one or more active electrode(s) are brought into contact with, or close proximity to, a target tissue in the presence of electrically conductive fluid. High frequency voltage is then applied between the active electrode(s) and one or more return electrode(s) to non-thermally generate a plasma adjacent to the active electrode(s), and to volumetrically remove or ablate at least a portion of the target tissue. The high frequency voltage generates electric fields around the active electrode(s) with sufficient energy to ionize the conductive fluid adjacent to the active electrode(s). Within the ionized gas or plasma, free electrons are accelerated, and electron-atoms collisions liberate more electrons, and the process cascades until the plasma contains sufficient energy to break apart the tissue molecules, causing molecular dissociation and ablation of the target tissue.

In an extreme ultra violet light source apparatus that exhausts debris including fast ions and neutral particles by the effect of a magnetic field, neutral particles emitted from plasma are efficiently ionized. The extreme ultraviolet light source apparatus includes: a plasma generating unit that generates plasma, that radiates at least extreme ultra violet light, through pulse operation; collective optics that collects the extreme ultra violet light radiated from the plasma; a microwave generating unit that radiates microwave through pulse operation into a space in which a magnetic field is formed to cause electron cyclotron resonance, and thereby ionizes neutral particles emitted from the plasma; a magnetic field forming unit that forms the magnetic field and a magnetic field for trapping at least ionized particles; and a control unit that synchronously controls at least the plasma generating unit and the microwave generating unit.

A mass spectrometer is disclosed wherein a z-lens upstream of an orthogonal acceleration Time of Flight mass analyser is repeatedly switched between a first mode wherein ions are transmitted to the mass analyser for subsequent mass analysis with a relatively high transmission and a second mode wherein ions are transmitted with a relatively low transmission. If it is determined that mass spectral data obtained when the mass analyser is in the first mode is suffering from saturation, then suitably scaled mass spectral data obtained when the mass analyser is in the second mode is used instead. If the saturation is severe then the mass spectral data obtained in the first mode may be replaced in its entirety with mass spectral data obtained in the second mode.

A mass spectrometer of reduced size and weight is provided which is capable to conduct highly accurate mass spectroscopy. The mass spectrometer includes an ion source adapted to ionize gas flowing in from outside in order to ionize a measurement sample and a mass spectroscopy section for separating the ionized measurement sample. The ion source has its interior reduced in pressure by differential pumping from the mass spectroscopy section and ionizes the gas when the interior pressure rises as it inhales the gas, and the mass spectroscopy section separates the ionized measurement sample when its interior pressure falls after inhale of the gas. The mass spectrometer may further include a restriction device for suppressing a flow rate of the gas the ion source inhales and an open/close device for opening and closing a flow of the gas the ion source inhales.

The invention relates to a macroscopic assembly of nanometric filamentary structures. The macroscopic assembly comprises a plurality of microscopic assemblies substantially aligned in a same direction and connected together. Each of the microscopic assemblies comprises a plurality of members defining a plurality of spaces therebetween. Each of the members comprises a nanometric filamentary structure or a bundle of nanometric filamentary structures, wherein the macroscopic assembly has a density of less than 8 mg/cm³. The is also provided a method for prerparing such a macroscopic assembly.

It is intended to provide a method of preparing sample for matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry using a matrix capable of generating preferred crystals that cause effective ionization of a molecule to be measured. A method of preparing a sample for matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry comprising the steps of: preparing a solution of 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid of 40 mg/mL to saturated concentration as a matrix solution; and dispensing the matrix solution to a sample to be analyzed by using an inkjet mechanism, to crystallize the 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid.

A portable gas analyzer comprising an integrated micro-flame ionization detector (micro-FID), a micro-gas chromatograph (micro-GC), an electrolyzer, and a flame-shaped electrode are provided. The components of the portable gas analyzer can be integrated into a single “lunchbox” sized housing with all the peripherals required to operate the micro-GC/FID without an external power and gas supply.

The invention discloses a curved magnetron sputtering cathode, closed magnetic field coating magnetron sputtering equipment and application methods thereof. The curved magnetron sputtering cathode comprises a curved target material, a water jacket, an electrode, an insulating bush, a shielding component, a magnetic boot, a magnetic boot rotating component and a supporting and fixing mechanism, wherein the insulating bush performs potential insulation on a cathode component; the shielding component is a suspended potential component in a discharge process; and the magnetic boot rotating component can realize sliding of the magnetic boot. The utilization ratio of the magnetic material is improved; the curved target material is formed by splicing a plurality of metal-based tiles, of which thesurfaces can be bonded with nonmetals, and is fixed on the water jacket which is formed by welding the surface of a stainless steel tube with a water-cooled tube; the electrode is connected with a negative voltage to perform magnetron sputtering glow discharge; and limited by the shape of the cathode, electrons in glow discharge are gathered to produce a hollow cathode effect, so that not only the sputtering rate but also the particle ionization rate is improved. The curved magnetron sputtering cathode can perform magnetron sputtering in a high-vacuum state to generate big-beam high-ionization-rate particles so as to obtain a high-quality coating.

The invention relates to a horizontal flat plate plasma indoor air purifying device, comprising a plurality of vertical flat plates which are parallel to each other and evenly spaced; wherein, a plurality of discharge electrode bars are distributed among the flat plates; the surface of the discharge electrode bars is evenly provided with a plurality of discharge pricks; the vertical flat plates are electrically connected with a power ground of a high-frequency power supply; the discharge bars are electrically connected with an output end of the high-frequency power supply; an earthing electrode and a discharge electrode are arranged together by an insulated bracket; the earthing electrode can be made by a metal plate on which through holes are arranged; the discharge pricks are welded on the discharge bars; the discharge pricks can be in the shape of pyramid or cone or sawtooth, and are distributed by layers on the discharge electrodes; 3-6 discharge pricks are arranged in the same layer and the directions of the discharge pricks in adjacent layers are staggered. The invention features relatively simple structure, good ionization effect, the capacity of realizing relatively high purification effect, thus being mainly applied to purification of indoor air.

The invention relates to horizontal turning wheel spray washing plasma and photocatalytic air-purification equipment, wherein the shell body of the equipment is internally provided with a turning wheel humid room, a plasma purification room, and a photocatalysis reaction room from the front to the back in turn, a ring-shaped humidifying turning wheel is arranged in the turning wheel humid room, a water groove which can immerse the bottom of the humidifying turning wheel is arranged at the bottom of the turning wheel humid room; the plasma purification room is provided with a plurality of parallel and equidistant vertical plane plates; a plurality of discharging rods are distributed evenly between the plane plates; the photocatalysis reaction room is internally provided with a photocatalytic ultraviolet lamp; a plurality of layers of photocatalyst filter screens are arranged above and/or below of the photocatalytic ultraviolet lamp; a storage water tank is arranged outside of the shell body; a diving pump is arranged in the storage water tank; an outlet pipe of the diving pump is connected with a spray pipe; the spray pipe is positioned above the back side of the humidifying turning wheel. The invention has relatively simple structure, realizes multiple purification of air pollutants, can reach higher purification effect, and is mainly used for indoor air purification.

A process for manufacturing titanium dioxide by the chloride process is provided. In one embodiment, a particle size control agent comprising an ionizing agent such as potassium chloride is introduced into the reaction zone of the oxidation reactor to control the particle size of the titanium dioxide. In a first aspect, the effectiveness of the particle size control agent in controlling the particle size of the titanium dioxide is improved by adding the particle size control agent to at least one of the reactant streams at a sufficient distance upstream of the oxidization reactor to allow the ionizing agent to efficiently ionize and the particle size control agent to thoroughly admix with the stream(s) prior to entering the reaction zone. In a second aspect, the particle size control agent comprises an ionizing agent and fumed silica. In another embodiment, the amount of alumina added to the reaction zone of the oxidization reactor is increased in order to control the particle size of the titanium dioxide.