24results about "Multiplier cathode arrangements" patented technology

To provide a photoelectron multiplier capable of improving time characteristics due to an anode.SOLUTION: A photoelectron multiplier 1 includes: a photocathode 3; ten dynodes 10 that multiply electrons emitted from the photocathode 3; and an anode 7 that collects electrons multiplied by the dynode 10. The anode 7 has an electron collection surface 73 that faces a secondary electron emission surface 11j of a tenth dynode 10j and extends along the secondary electron emission surface 11j. The anode 7 has no electron passage hole on the electron path from the ninth dynode 10i to the tenth dynode 10j.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 2

The invention discloses a quick response end window reflection type photomultiplier, which belongs to the field of photomultiplier testing and comprises a micro-curved spherical incident window, a focusing disc, a plane reflection type cathode, a grid mesh, a fixed plate, an accelerator rod, a dynode DY1-DYn and an anode. According to the invention, the effective working area of the photoelectric cathode is optimized, the accelerator rod is placed according to the electric field distribution, the relative position of the dynode is changed to optimize the electron motion trail, the incident light is focused to the effective position of the cathode surface electric field by using the micro-curved spherical incident light window, and the photoelectron generation position is optimized; a proper accelerator rod is placed according to the sparsity degree of distribution of an electric field near a cathode surface, so that electrons are better converged, the first multiplier tube and the second multiplier tube are designed to be of an asymmetric structure, and the distance and the included angle are adjusted to optimize an electron movement track to realize quick response.

This electron tube is provided with an electron emission unit including a metasurface from which electrons are emitted in response to entering of an electromagnetic wave having a predetermined electric field vibration direction, an electron multiplication unit that multiplies the electrons emitted from the electron emission unit, and a mesh electrode disposed between the electron emission unit and the electron multiplication unit. The mesh electrode includes a plurality of thin wires defining a plurality of openings arranged in a first direction parallel to the electric field vibration direction. When viewed in a traveling direction of the electromagnetic wave, each of the plurality of openings has an elongated shape of which the longitudinal direction corresponds to a second direction intersecting the first direction at an angle greater than or equal to 45 degrees.

A photomultiplier includes a housing including a proximal end and a distal end, an optical window disposed at the proximal end of the housing, an end-wall plate disposed at the distal end of the housing, a feedthrough that penetrates through the end-wall plate, and a gas electron multiplier (GEM) board disposed between the optical window and the end-wall plate.

Systems and methods for suppressing X-ray interference in radiation portal monitors are provided. A radiation portal monitor includes a scintillator configured to convert high energy photons into low energy photons, and a photomultiplier tube (PMT) coupled to the scintillator, the PMT including a photocathode configured to convert the low energy photons into electrons, and a series of dynodes configured to cascade the electrons to facilitate detecting gamma events. The radiation portal monitor further includes an electron deflecting arrangement configured to selectively deflect the electrons before they encounter the series of dynodes.

In a photoelectric conversion device, the meta-surface includes a first antenna portion, a first bias portion, a second antenna portion, and a second bias portion. The first antenna portion extends in a first direction and emits an electron in response to incidence of the electromagnetic wave. The first bias portion faces the first antenna portion and is configured to generate an electric field having a component in the first direction between the first bias portion and the first antenna portion. The second antenna portion extends in a second direction intersecting the first direction and emits an electron in response to incidence of the electromagnetic wave. The second bias portion faces the second antenna portion and is configured to generate an electric field having a component in the second direction between the second bias portion and the second antenna portion.

The application provides a kind of optical input window of cascade enhancement type for photocathode, belong to the field of optoelectronic devices, optical input window of cascade enhancement type for photocathode includes: substrate layer and cascade structure;Cascade structure is located between substrate layer and photoemissive layer;Cascade structure is used to modulate incident light;Cascade structure is in turn nano pattern layer, waveguide layer and plasmonic layer along the direction of incident light;Incident light enters from one side of substrate layer, is deflected after being modulated by nano pattern layer, forms waveguide in waveguide layer, so that plasmonic layer produces localized plasmon resonance effect, to promote photoemissive layer to carry out photoabsorption.The application improves the quantum efficiency of photocathode, and further improves the photoelectric response capability of photoelectric device.

The invention relates to the field of electron multiplication sources, and provides an electron multiplication source and application thereof, and the electron multiplication source comprises a tube body with a tube cavity; the electron source comprises an optical fiber and an electron excitation layer; the anode assembly is located on an emergent path of the electron beam, is opposite to the light emergent end of the optical fiber and is arranged at an interval; the dynode group comprises at least one dynode arranged on the cavity wall of the tube cavity; and a power supply assembly. The electron multiplication source has the advantages of being small in size, high in integration degree, good in stability, high in multiplication effect and the like.

The photoelectric conversion device includes an electron emitting member. The electron emitting member has a metasurface that emits electrons in response to the incidence of electromagnetic waves. The metasurface includes a first antenna portion, a first bias portion, a second antenna portion, and a second bias portion. The first antenna portion extends in a first direction and emits electrons in response to the incidence of electromagnetic waves. The first bias portion faces the first antenna portion and is configured to generate an electric field having a component in the first direction between the first antenna portion and the first antenna portion. The second antenna portion extends in a second direction intersecting the first direction and emits electrons in response to the incidence of electromagnetic waves. The second bias portion faces the second antenna portion and is configured to generate an electric field having a component in the second direction between the second antenna portion and the second antenna portion.

To provide an electron tube that can appropriately make electromagnetic waves having a predetermined electric field oscillation direction incident on an electron emission section and can appropriately multiply electrons emitted from the electron emission section in response to the incidence of the electromagnetic waves having the predetermined electric field oscillation direction. [Solution] The electron tube (1) comprises an electron emitter (3) including a metasurface (32) that emits electrons in response to incidence of an electromagnetic wave (W) having a predetermined electric field oscillation direction (V), an electron multiplier (4) that multiplies the electrons emitted from the electron emitter (3), and a first mesh electrode (5) arranged between the electron emitter (3) and the electron multiplier (4). The first mesh electrode (5) includes a plurality of wires (52) that define a plurality of openings aligned in a first direction (D1) parallel to the electric field oscillation direction (V). When viewed from the propagation direction (T) of the electromagnetic wave (W), each of the plurality of openings has an elongated shape whose longitudinal direction is a second direction (D2) that intersects with the first direction (D1) at an angle of 45 degrees or more.

The photoelectric conversion device includes an electron emitting member having a metasurface that emits electrons in response to incidence of electromagnetic waves. The metasurface includes a plurality of photoelectric conversion units having sensitivity to electromagnetic waves in different wavelength ranges. The plurality of photoelectric conversion units include patterns having different configurations.

The invention discloses a method for preparing a transmission-type polyalkali photocathode by automatically drying residual alkali in combination with photocurrent monitoring. According to the method, through photocurrent feedback closed-loop control, photocurrent real-time monitoring and a residual alkali drying process are linked for the first time, and dynamic optimization of an activation state is realized; staged self-adaptive baking is adopted, baking stages are automatically switched based on photocurrent change characteristics, and over-baking or under-baking is avoided; an adsorption inhibition design is adopted, and the influence of residual alkali metal on the cathode is reduced through double means of temperature gradient and electric field regulation and control. The transmission-type polyalkali photocathode prepared by the invention has the advantages that the performance is improved, the sensitivity is improved by 40%, the sensitivity attenuation rate is less than or equal to 5% after the transmission-type polyalkali photocathode is stored for 3 months, and the residual alkali time is shortened by 20-40%.

To provide a photodetector capable of reducing the crosstalk between channels.SOLUTION: A photodetector 1 comprises: a tabular incident surface plate 2 on which a photoelectric surface 2s for emitting photoelectrons in accordance with incident light is formed; and a semiconductor element 10 for detecting the photoelectrons emitted from the photoelectric surface 2s, the semiconductor element being disposed to face the photoelectric surface 2s. The semiconductor element 10 has a first portion 11 having an electron incident surface 11s facing the photoelectric surface 2s, the electron incident surface including a plurality of channels ch that are arranged separated from each other. A distance b between the photoelectric surface 2s and the electron incident surface 11s, an interval Δch between the channels ch, and a voltage V applied between the photoelectric surface 2s and the electron incident surface 11s satisfy the formula (1): distance b [mm] / interval Δch [mm]<14.4×voltage V [kV]+60.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 3

This charged particle detector comprises: a microchannel plate having an input surface through which charged particles enter, a multiplication unit that performs electron multiplication on the basis of input of the charged particles while maintaining positional information of the charged particles with respect to the input surface, and an output surface through which electrons multiplied by the multiplication unit are outputted; a resistive anode that, when electrons outputted through the output surface enters therein, outputs a charge signal corresponding to the entering position of the electrons; and an anode that is disposed in a spatial region between the output surface and the resistive anode, has an electron passage unit through which the electrons outputted through the output surface are allowed to pass, and is for collecting the electrons outputted from the resistive anode.

The application discloses an infrared characteristic response photomultiplier. The photomultiplier comprises a lens system (1), an infrared characteristic response photocathode (2), an electron multiplication system (3), an anode receiving plate (4), a shell (5), electrode wires and a bias voltage source. The shell (5) is provided with an opening, the lens system (1) is arranged at the opening to form a vacuum, the infrared characteristic response photocathode (2), the electron multiplication system (3) and the anode receiving plate (4) are all arranged inside the shell (5), the infrared characteristic response photocathode (2) is provided with a micro-nano structure on the surface, the micro-nano structure has plasmonic characteristics, the lens system (1) is used for focusing infrared light and emitting the focused infrared light to the micro-nano structure of the infrared characteristic response photocathode (2), the infrared characteristic response photocathode (2) is used for generating photoelectrons and emitting the photoelectrons to the electron multiplication system (3), the electron multiplication system (3) is used for receiving the photoelectrons and generating multiplied electrons, the anode receiving plate (4) is used for collecting the multiplied electrons to generate an anode current, the electrode wires pass through the shell (5), one end of the electrode wires is connected with the infrared characteristic response photocathode (2) and the electron multiplication system (3) respectively, and the other end of the electrode wires is connected with the bias voltage source. The photomultiplier can effectively respond to the wave band of infrared light.

To provide an electron tube that can appropriately make electromagnetic waves having a predetermined electric field oscillation direction incident on an electron emission section and can appropriately multiply electrons emitted from the electron emission section in response to the incidence of the electromagnetic waves having the predetermined electric field oscillation direction. [Solution] The electron tube (1) comprises an electron emitter (3) including a metasurface (32) that emits electrons in response to incidence of an electromagnetic wave (W) having a predetermined electric field oscillation direction (V), an electron multiplier (4) that multiplies the electrons emitted from the electron emitter (3), and a first mesh electrode (5) arranged between the electron emitter (3) and the electron multiplier (4). The first mesh electrode (5) includes a plurality of wires (52) that define a plurality of openings aligned in a first direction (D1) parallel to the electric field oscillation direction (V). When viewed from the propagation direction (T) of the electromagnetic wave (W), each of the plurality of openings has an elongated shape whose longitudinal direction is a second direction (D2) that intersects with the first direction (D1) at an angle of 45 degrees or more.

The present application belongs to the field of optoelectronic devices. Provided is a cascade-enhanced optical input window for a photocathode. The cascade-enhanced optical input window for a photocathode comprises: a substrate layer (1), a cascaded structure, and a photoemissive layer (5), wherein the cascaded structure is located between the substrate layer (1) and the photoemissive layer (5); the cascaded structure is used for modulating incident light; the cascaded structure sequentially comprises a nano-pattern layer (2), a waveguide layer (3) and a plasmonic layer (4) in the direction of the incident light; and the incident light enters from one side of the substrate layer (1), and is deflected after being modulated by the nano-pattern layer (2), and then a waveguide is formed in the waveguide layer (3), such that the plasmonic layer (4) generates a localized plasmon resonance effect, thereby promoting light absorption of the photoemissive layer (5).

The invention discloses a photomultiplier and electronic equipment, and the photomultiplier comprises a first reflector which is used for receiving incident light outside the photomultiplier and reflecting the incident light; the first reflecting photocathode is used for receiving the reflected light of the first reflecting mirror and generating photoelectrons; and the multiplication system is used for multiplying the photoelectrons generated by the first reflection photocathode.

A photodetector is provided with: an incident panel on which a photoelectric surface that emits photoelectrons in response to incident light is formed; and a semiconductor element configured to face the photoelectric surface along a first direction for detecting the photoelectrons released from the photoelectric surface, the semiconductor element having a first portion having an electron incident surface, the electron incident surface being a surface opposite to the photoelectric surface, the electron incident surface being a surface opposite to the photoelectric surface, and the electron incident surface being a surface opposite to the photoelectric surface. Comprising a plurality of channels arranged at intervals along a second direction crossing the first direction, the incident panel has a flat plate shape, and when the distance between the photoelectric surface and the electron incident surface in the first direction is set as a distance b and the interval of the channels in the second direction is set as an interval [Delta] ch, the distance [Delta] ch is greater than the distance b. When a voltage applied between the photoelectric surface and the electron incident surface is set as a voltage V, formula (1) is satisfied.

The invention belongs to the technical field of optical instruments, and particularly relates to a lateral heat dissipation structure for refrigeration of an electric vacuum detector and the electric vacuum detector. The lateral heat dissipation structure for refrigeration of the electric vacuum detection device comprises a refrigeration module and a lateral heat dissipation module, and the refrigeration module is connected with a cathode of the electric vacuum detection device and used for conducting refrigeration and heat conduction on the cathode; and the lateral heat dissipation module is connected with the refrigeration module, is parallel to the axial direction of the cathode, is arranged at the lateral position of the electric vacuum detection device, and is used for laterally conducting and dissipating heat generated by the refrigeration module. The lateral heat dissipation structure for refrigeration of the electric vacuum detection device is a refrigeration structure which is compact in structure, efficient in heat conduction and adaptive to various electric vacuum detection devices, thermal noise and hot electron emission of a core component are remarkably restrained, and the overall performance of the device is improved.

An apparatus and method are provided for a night vision system including a transparent overlay display that transmits direct-view light representing an intensified image and emits display light representing a display image. The transparent overlay display is a borderless display in which the active area extends to at least one edge of the display. Data-handling circuitry is arranged within the active area, rather than being arranged along a border of the display. The data-handling circuitry may be fabricated in the active area of the display by fabricating it below opaque pixel regions that generate the display light. This borderless configuration allows partial overlap with the intensified image by eliminating opaque borders in which the data-handling circuitry is fabricated. This borderless configuration helps to minimize size, weight, and power by reducing the size of the display and eliminating the need for bulky beam splitters.

A photodetector capable of accurately and easily positioning a sample at the focal position of a predetermined measuring light beam is provided. [Solution] The photodetector 100 includes a photodetector having an electron emitter 3 including a metasurface 32 that emits electrons in response to incidence of electromagnetic waves W, and an electron multiplier 4 that multiplies the electrons emitted from the electron emitter 3, and a voltage application unit 2 that applies a voltage to an application target that includes at least one of the metasurface 32 and the electron multiplier 4. The voltage application unit 2 applies a voltage to the application target so that the potential on the metasurface side of the electron multiplier 4 is equal to or lower than the potential of the metasurface 32, so as to allow first electrons field-emitted in response to incidence of electromagnetic waves W on the metasurface 32 to reach the electron multiplier 4, while preventing second electrons generated due to factors other than incidence of the electromagnetic waves W on the metasurface 32 from reaching the electron multiplier 4.

The present invention provides a photodetector that can accurately and easily position a sample at the focal point of a predetermined measurement light. [Solution] The photodetector 100 includes a photodetector having an electron emission unit 3 including a metasurface 32 that emits electrons in response to the incidence of electromagnetic waves W, and an electron multiplication unit 4 that multiplies the electrons emitted from the electron emission unit 3, and a voltage application unit 2 that applies a voltage to an object to be applied to, which includes at least one of the metasurface 32 and the electron multiplication unit 4. The voltage application unit 2 applies a voltage to the object to be applied to such that the potential on the metasurface side of the electron multiplication unit 4 is less than or equal to the potential of the metasurface 32, so as to allow first electrons, which are field-emitted in response to the incidence of electromagnetic waves W to the metasurface 32, to reach the electron multiplication unit 4, while preventing second electrons, which are generated due to factors other than the incidence of electromagnetic waves W to the metasurface 32, from reaching the electron multiplication unit 4.

This light detection device comprises: a light detection unit that is provided with an electron emission unit that includes a metasurface which emits electrons in response to the incidence of electromagnetic waves, and an electron multiplication unit that multiplies the electrons emitted from the electron emission unit; and a voltage application unit that applies a voltage to an application target including at least one among the metasurface and the electron multiplication unit. In order to allow first electrons, which are field-emitted in response to the incidence of electromagnetic waves on the metasurface, to reach the electron multiplication unit while preventing second electrons, which are generated due to a factor other than the incidence of electromagnetic waves on the metasurface, from reaching the electron multiplication unit, the voltage application unit applies a voltage to the application target such that the electric potential on the metasurface side of the electron multiplication unit is equal to or lower than the electric potential of the metasurface.