57results about "Multiplier cathode arrangements" patented technology

The invention discloses a photomultiplier tube with infrared characteristic response. The photomultiplier comprises a lens system (1), an infrared characteristic response photocathode (2), an electron multiplication system (3), an anode receiving plate (4), a shell (5), an electrode wire and a bias voltage source. The shell (5) is provided with an opening, and the lens system (1) is arranged at the opening to form vacuum; the infrared characteristic response photocathode (2), the electron multiplication system (3) and the anode receiving plate (4) are all arranged in the shell (5); a micro-nano structure is arranged on the surface of the infrared characteristic response photocathode (2), and the micro-nano structure has plasmon characteristics; the lens system (1) is used for focusing infrared light and transmitting the focused infrared light to the micro-nano structure of the infrared characteristic response photocathode (2); the infrared characteristic response photocathode (2) is used for generating photoelectrons and emitting the photoelectrons to the electron multiplication system (3); the electron multiplication system (3) is used for receiving the photoelectrons and generating multiplication electrons; the anode receiving plate (4) is used for collecting the proliferative electrons and generating anode current; an electrode wire penetrates through the shell (5), one end of the electrode wire is connected with the infrared characteristic response photocathode (2) and the electron multiplication system (3), and the other end of the electrode wire is connected with a bias voltage source. The photomultiplier tube can effectively respond to the wave band of infrared light.

A metasurface element includes a support body and a metasurface formed on a surface of the support body. The metasurface includes a metal pattern that is disposed to emit an electron in response to incidence of an electromagnetic wave, and a metal layer that contains an alkali metal and is formed on the metal pattern. The metal layer extends beyond the metal pattern to reach a region on the surface of the support body, the region being not formed with the metal pattern.

To provide a photoelectron multiplier capable of improving time characteristics due to an anode.SOLUTION: A photoelectron multiplier 1 includes: a photocathode 3; ten dynodes 10 that multiply electrons emitted from the photocathode 3; and an anode 7 that collects electrons multiplied by the dynode 10. The anode 7 has an electron collection surface 73 that faces a secondary electron emission surface 11j of a tenth dynode 10j and extends along the secondary electron emission surface 11j. The anode 7 has no electron passage hole on the electron path from the ninth dynode 10i to the tenth dynode 10j.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 2

This photomultiplier tube includes a photoelectric surface, N-stage dynodes (N is an integer of 2 or more) for multiplying electrons emitted from the photoelectric surface, and an anode for collecting electrons multiplied by the dynodes. The anode has an electron collection surface that faces a secondary electron emission surface of the N-th stage dynode and at least partially extends along the secondary electron emission surface, and there is no electron passage hole on an electron path from the N-1th dynode to the N-th dynode.

A night vision system is provided, along with a method for interrupting the continuous drawing of electrons from an image intensifier tube and an electron multiplier. The night vision system includes an electron multiplier, or possibly two electron multipliers, each including a silicon membrane. A shutter voltage is applied between a first surface and a second surface of the substantially parallel, opposing silicon membrane to interrupt the drawing of electrons through the electron multiplier and substantially interrupt the display of an image from the image intensifier tube under certain bright light conditions. Utilizing global shutter control for the electron multiplier and significantly reducing the voltage for such control reduces power consumption within the image intensifier, as well as electromagnetic interference and lag response time. A relatively low negative bias shutter voltage on only the electron multiplier selectively provides a global shutter for the image intensifier device.

An electron tube includes a vacuum container having a translucent substrate; a photoelectric element disposed on the inner surface of the translucent substrate; an anode disposed within the vacuum container; and a prism. The prism has a bottom surface bonded to the outer surface of the translucent substrate; a light incident surface; and a light reflecting surface that further reflects light that enters the photoelectric element via the prism and the translucent substrate and is reflected at the interface between the photoelectric element and the vacuum space, causing the light to enter the photoelectric element again. The light reflecting surface has an outwardly convex curved surface. The light incident surface is located inward of an imaginary spherical surface extending along the light reflecting surface.

The invention discloses a quick response end window reflection type photomultiplier, which belongs to the field of photomultiplier testing and comprises a micro-curved spherical incident window, a focusing disc, a plane reflection type cathode, a grid mesh, a fixed plate, an accelerator rod, a dynode DY1-DYn and an anode. According to the invention, the effective working area of the photoelectric cathode is optimized, the accelerator rod is placed according to the electric field distribution, the relative position of the dynode is changed to optimize the electron motion trail, the incident light is focused to the effective position of the cathode surface electric field by using the micro-curved spherical incident light window, and the photoelectron generation position is optimized; a proper accelerator rod is placed according to the sparsity degree of distribution of an electric field near a cathode surface, so that electrons are better converged, the first multiplier tube and the second multiplier tube are designed to be of an asymmetric structure, and the distance and the included angle are adjusted to optimize an electron movement track to realize quick response.

This electron tube is provided with an electron emission unit including a metasurface from which electrons are emitted in response to entering of an electromagnetic wave having a predetermined electric field vibration direction, an electron multiplication unit that multiplies the electrons emitted from the electron emission unit, and a mesh electrode disposed between the electron emission unit and the electron multiplication unit. The mesh electrode includes a plurality of thin wires defining a plurality of openings arranged in a first direction parallel to the electric field vibration direction. When viewed in a traveling direction of the electromagnetic wave, each of the plurality of openings has an elongated shape of which the longitudinal direction corresponds to a second direction intersecting the first direction at an angle greater than or equal to 45 degrees.

A photomultiplier is provided with: a container having a window section formed from a light-transmitting material, and a tubular section connected to the window section and defining a vacuum space together with the window section; a photoelectric surface which is formed from a photoelectron-emitting material comprising sodium, potassium, and antimony, is provided on a first surface on the vacuum space side of the window, and emits photoelectrons in accordance with incident light; and an electron multiplication unit that emits secondary electrons in response to incidence of the photoelectrons emitted from the photoelectric surface, and multiplies the secondary electrons. An aluminum oxide layer is formed between the photoelectric surface and the window part and on the surface of the tubular part.

A photomultiplier includes a housing including a proximal end and a distal end, an optical window disposed at the proximal end of the housing, an end-wall plate disposed at the distal end of the housing, a feedthrough that penetrates through the end-wall plate, and a gas electron multiplier (GEM) board disposed between the optical window and the end-wall plate.

An apparatus and method are provided for a night vision system including a transparent overlay display that transmit direct-view light representing an intensified image and emits display light representing a display image. The transparent overlay display is a borderless display in which the active area extends to at least one edge of the display. Data-handling circuitry is arranged within the active area, rather than being arranged along a border of the display. The data-handling circuitry may be fabricated in the active area of the display by fabricating it below opaque pixel regions that generate the display light. This borderless configuration allows partial overlap with the intensified image by eliminating opaque borders in which the data-handling circuitry is fabricated. This borderless configuration helps to minimize size, weight, and power by reducing the size of the display and eliminating the need for bulky beam splitters.

The present invention discloses a large-area photomultiplier tube with a segmented pressure application support system, which includes a vacuum glass container and a photocathode, an electron multiplication system, an anode, a segmented pressure application support system, and a power supply electrode contained therein. The anode passes through the vacuum glass container and is connected to an external signal processing circuit, and the power supply electrode passes through the vacuum glass container and is connected to an external power supply circuit. The vacuum glass container is spherical or nearly spherical; the photocathode is uniformly covered on the inner surface of the upper hemisphere of the vacuum glass container; the support system is placed at the handle opening of the vacuum glass container; the electron multiplication system is placed at the top opening of the segmented pressure application support system; the anode is placed parallel to the rear of the electron multiplication system. The photomultiplier tube of the present invention has high time resolution, high photoelectron collection efficiency, high photocathode coverage rate, and strong anti-geomagnetic field interference ability.

Provided is a photomultiplier tube including: a container including a window portion formed of a light-transmitting material, and a tubular portion that is connected to the window portion and defines a vacuum space in combination with the window portion; a photoelectric surface that is formed of a photoelectron-emitting material consisting of sodium, potassium, and antimony, is provided on a first surface of the window portion on a side of the vacuum space, and emits photoelectrons in correspondence with incident light; and an electron multiplier that emits secondary electrons in correspondence with incidence of the photoelectrons emitted from the photoelectric surface, and multiplies the secondary electrons. An aluminum oxide layer is formed between the photoelectric surface and the window portion and on a surface of the tubular portion.

To provide a photodetector capable of reducing the crosstalk between channels.SOLUTION: A photodetector 1 comprises: a tabular incident surface plate 2 on which a photoelectric surface 2s for emitting photoelectrons in accordance with incident light is formed; and a semiconductor element 10 for detecting the photoelectrons emitted from the photoelectric surface 2s, the semiconductor element being disposed to face the photoelectric surface 2s. The semiconductor element 10 has a first portion 11 having an electron incident surface 11s facing the photoelectric surface 2s, the electron incident surface including a plurality of channels ch that are arranged separated from each other. A distance b between the photoelectric surface 2s and the electron incident surface 11s, an interval Δch between the channels ch, and a voltage V applied between the photoelectric surface 2s and the electron incident surface 11s satisfy the formula (1): distance b [mm] / interval Δch [mm]<14.4×voltage V [kV]+60.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 3

The invention relates to a colour image intensifier tube (13) comprising the following elements: - an input window (15); - a first filter (30) attached to an external face of the input window; - a microlens array (32) attached to the first filter; - a photocathode (16) attached to an internal face of the input window; - an electron multiplier (18); - a phosphorescent screen (20); - an optical output interface (21); and - a second filter (31), comprising the same set of pixels as the first selective filter, attached to the output interface.

A night vision system along with an image intensifier tube having a microchannel plate and method of forming the microchannel plate are provided. The microchannel plate comprises a plurality of spaced channels extending through the microchannel plate, wherein each channel sidewall surface near the input face of the microchannel plate comprises a series of layers formed thereon. The input face of the microchannel plate, as well as the sidewall surfaces of each channel near the input surfaces, are configured with an electron backscatter layer arranged between a contact metal layer and a secondary electron booster layer. When formed partially into the channel openings near the input face, the electron backscatter layer and overlying secondary electron booster layer are configured circumferentially around the sidewall surfaces and extend radially inward toward a central axis of each channel.

Systems and methods for suppressing X-ray interference in radiation portal monitors are provided. A radiation portal monitor includes a scintillator configured to convert high energy photons into low energy photons, and a photomultiplier tube (PMT) coupled to the scintillator, the PMT including a photocathode configured to convert the low energy photons into electrons, and a series of dynodes configured to cascade the electrons to facilitate detecting gamma events. The radiation portal monitor further includes an electron deflecting arrangement configured to selectively deflect the electrons before they encounter the series of dynodes.

In a photoelectric conversion device, the meta-surface includes a first antenna portion, a first bias portion, a second antenna portion, and a second bias portion. The first antenna portion extends in a first direction and emits an electron in response to incidence of the electromagnetic wave. The first bias portion faces the first antenna portion and is configured to generate an electric field having a component in the first direction between the first bias portion and the first antenna portion. The second antenna portion extends in a second direction intersecting the first direction and emits an electron in response to incidence of the electromagnetic wave. The second bias portion faces the second antenna portion and is configured to generate an electric field having a component in the second direction between the second bias portion and the second antenna portion.

The application provides a kind of optical input window of cascade enhancement type for photocathode, belong to the field of optoelectronic devices, optical input window of cascade enhancement type for photocathode includes: substrate layer and cascade structure;Cascade structure is located between substrate layer and photoemissive layer;Cascade structure is used to modulate incident light;Cascade structure is in turn nano pattern layer, waveguide layer and plasmonic layer along the direction of incident light;Incident light enters from one side of substrate layer, is deflected after being modulated by nano pattern layer, forms waveguide in waveguide layer, so that plasmonic layer produces localized plasmon resonance effect, to promote photoemissive layer to carry out photoabsorption.The application improves the quantum efficiency of photocathode, and further improves the photoelectric response capability of photoelectric device.

To provide a photomultiplier tube which has a photocathode and enables suppression of sensitivity deterioration of the photocathode and suppression of increase in the number of after-pluses even when used in high-temperature environment.SOLUTION: A photomultiplier tube 1 includes: a container 10 including a window portion 13 formed of light-transmitting material, and a tubular portion 14 connected to the window portion 13 and defining a vacuum space S in combination with the window portion 13; a photocathode 20 formed of photo-electron emission material composed of sodium, potassium, and antimony, and provided on a first surface 13a on the vacuum space S side of the window portion 13, the photocathode 20 emitting photo-electrons in correspondence with incident light; and an electron multiplier 40 that emits secondary electrons in correspondence with the incident of the photo-electrons emitted from the photocathode 20 and multiplies the secondary electrons. An aluminum oxide layers 60 is formed between the photocathode 20 and the window portion 13 and on a surface of the tubular portion 14.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

The invention discloses a photomultiplier transmission-type trialkali photocathode preparation system and a photomultiplier transmission-type trialkali photocathode preparation method, and belongs to the technical field of photomultipliers, and alkali sources for preparing the photomultiplier transmission-type trialkali photocathode comprise a K source and an Rb / Cs mixed source. In the preparation process of the cathode, a layer of antireflection film is evaporated on a glass substrate, then four-step activation is carried out on K, Sb, K and Rb / Cs in sequence, and the proportion of Rb and Cs in the cathode can be accurately controlled by adjusting the proportion of Rb and Cs in an Rb / Cs mixed source, so that the prepared trialkali photoelectric cathode achieves the characteristic of low noise on the basis of not influencing high quantum efficiency.

The invention relates to a color image intensifier tube (13) comprising the following elements:– an input window (15);– a first filter (30) fixed on an external face of the input window;– a microlens array (32) fixed on the first filter;– a photocathode (16) fixed on an internal face of the input window;– an electron multiplier (18);– a phosphorescent screen (20);– an optical output interface (21); and– a second filter (31), comprising the same set of pixels as the first selective filter, fixed on the output interface. Figure for abstract: Fig 5

This electron tube is provided with: a photoelectric conversion unit that emits photoelectrons corresponding to incident light; an electron detection unit that receives the photoelectrons from the photoelectric conversion unit; a gate electrode section disposed between the photoelectric conversion section and the electron detection section; and a case unit that accommodates the photoelectric conversion unit, the electron detection unit, and the gate electrode unit. The case part has a cover part that fixes the photoelectric conversion part and constitutes one end side of the case part. The gate electrode section includes: a main body section that controls the passage of photoelectrons by applying a voltage; and a power supply unit that supports the main body so as to be separated from the photoelectric conversion unit, and applies a voltage to the main body. The power supply part is held by the cover part.

The invention relates to the field of electron multiplication sources, and provides an electron multiplication source and application thereof, and the electron multiplication source comprises a tube body with a tube cavity; the electron source comprises an optical fiber and an electron excitation layer; the anode assembly is located on an emergent path of the electron beam, is opposite to the light emergent end of the optical fiber and is arranged at an interval; the dynode group comprises at least one dynode arranged on the cavity wall of the tube cavity; and a power supply assembly. The electron multiplication source has the advantages of being small in size, high in integration degree, good in stability, high in multiplication effect and the like.

Provided is a photomultiplier tube including: a container including a window portion formed of a light-transmitting material, and a tubular portion that is connected to the window portion and defines a vacuum space in combination with the window portion; a photoelectric surface that is formed of a photoelectron-emitting material consisting of sodium, potassium, and antimony, is provided on a first surface of the window portion on a side of the vacuum space, and emits photoelectrons in correspondence with incident light; and an electron multiplier that emits secondary electrons in correspondence with incidence of the photoelectrons emitted from the photoelectric surface, and multiplies the secondary electrons. An aluminum oxide layer is formed between the photoelectric surface and the window portion and on a surface of the tubular portion.

An apparatus and method are provided for a night vision system including a transparent overlay display that transmit direct-view light representing an intensified image and emits display light representing a display image. The transparent overlay display is a borderless display in which the active area extends to at least one edge of the display. Data-handling circuitry is arranged within the active area, rather than being arranged along a border of the display. The data-handling circuitry may be fabricated in the active area of the display by fabricating it below opaque pixel regions that generate the display light. This borderless configuration allows partial overlap with the intensified image by eliminating opaque borders in which the data-handling circuitry is fabricated. This borderless configuration helps to minimize size, weight, and power by reducing the size of the display and eliminating the need for bulky beam splitters.

[Solution] The electron tube includes a housing whose interior is maintained at a vacuum and which has a window that transmits electromagnetic waves, an electron emitter disposed within the housing and having a metasurface that emits electrons in response to incident electromagnetic waves, an electron multiplier disposed within the housing and which multiplies the electrons emitted from the electron emitter, and an electron collector disposed within the housing and which collects the electrons multiplied by the electron multiplier. The window contains at least one material selected from quartz, silicon, germanium, sapphire, zinc selenide, zinc sulfide, magnesium fluoride, lithium fluoride, barium fluoride, calcium fluoride, magnesium oxide, and calcium carbonate.

The photoelectric conversion device includes an electron emitting member. The electron emitting member has a metasurface that emits electrons in response to the incidence of electromagnetic waves. The metasurface includes a first antenna portion, a first bias portion, a second antenna portion, and a second bias portion. The first antenna portion extends in a first direction and emits electrons in response to the incidence of electromagnetic waves. The first bias portion faces the first antenna portion and is configured to generate an electric field having a component in the first direction between the first antenna portion and the first antenna portion. The second antenna portion extends in a second direction intersecting the first direction and emits electrons in response to the incidence of electromagnetic waves. The second bias portion faces the second antenna portion and is configured to generate an electric field having a component in the second direction between the second antenna portion and the second antenna portion.

A night vision system along with an image intensifier tube having a microchannel plate and method of forming the microchannel plate are provided. The microchannel plate comprises a plurality of spaced channels extending through the microchannel plate, wherein each channel sidewall surface near the input face of the microchannel plate comprises a series of layers formed thereon. The input face of the microchannel plate, as well as the sidewall surfaces of each channel near the input surfaces, are configured with an electron backscatter layer arranged between a contact metal layer and a secondary electron booster layer. When formed partially into the channel openings near the input face, the electron backscatter layer and overlying secondary electron booster layer are configured circumferentially around the sidewall surfaces and extend radially inward toward a central axis of each channel.

To provide an electron tube that can appropriately make electromagnetic waves having a predetermined electric field oscillation direction incident on an electron emission section and can appropriately multiply electrons emitted from the electron emission section in response to the incidence of the electromagnetic waves having the predetermined electric field oscillation direction. [Solution] The electron tube (1) comprises an electron emitter (3) including a metasurface (32) that emits electrons in response to incidence of an electromagnetic wave (W) having a predetermined electric field oscillation direction (V), an electron multiplier (4) that multiplies the electrons emitted from the electron emitter (3), and a first mesh electrode (5) arranged between the electron emitter (3) and the electron multiplier (4). The first mesh electrode (5) includes a plurality of wires (52) that define a plurality of openings aligned in a first direction (D1) parallel to the electric field oscillation direction (V). When viewed from the propagation direction (T) of the electromagnetic wave (W), each of the plurality of openings has an elongated shape whose longitudinal direction is a second direction (D2) that intersects with the first direction (D1) at an angle of 45 degrees or more.