42results about "Multiplier cathode arrangements" patented technology

A metasurface element includes a support body and a metasurface formed on a surface of the support body. The metasurface includes a metal pattern that is disposed to emit an electron in response to incidence of an electromagnetic wave, and a metal layer that contains an alkali metal and is formed on the metal pattern. The metal layer extends beyond the metal pattern to reach a region on the surface of the support body, the region being not formed with the metal pattern.

To provide a photoelectron multiplier capable of improving time characteristics due to an anode.SOLUTION: A photoelectron multiplier 1 includes: a photocathode 3; ten dynodes 10 that multiply electrons emitted from the photocathode 3; and an anode 7 that collects electrons multiplied by the dynode 10. The anode 7 has an electron collection surface 73 that faces a secondary electron emission surface 11j of a tenth dynode 10j and extends along the secondary electron emission surface 11j. The anode 7 has no electron passage hole on the electron path from the ninth dynode 10i to the tenth dynode 10j.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 2

This photomultiplier tube includes a photoelectric surface, N-stage dynodes (N is an integer of 2 or more) for multiplying electrons emitted from the photoelectric surface, and an anode for collecting electrons multiplied by the dynodes. The anode has an electron collection surface that faces a secondary electron emission surface of the N-th stage dynode and at least partially extends along the secondary electron emission surface, and there is no electron passage hole on an electron path from the N-1th dynode to the N-th dynode.

An electron tube includes a vacuum container having a translucent substrate; a photoelectric element disposed on the inner surface of the translucent substrate; an anode disposed within the vacuum container; and a prism. The prism has a bottom surface bonded to the outer surface of the translucent substrate; a light incident surface; and a light reflecting surface that further reflects light that enters the photoelectric element via the prism and the translucent substrate and is reflected at the interface between the photoelectric element and the vacuum space, causing the light to enter the photoelectric element again. The light reflecting surface has an outwardly convex curved surface. The light incident surface is located inward of an imaginary spherical surface extending along the light reflecting surface.

The invention discloses a quick response end window reflection type photomultiplier, which belongs to the field of photomultiplier testing and comprises a micro-curved spherical incident window, a focusing disc, a plane reflection type cathode, a grid mesh, a fixed plate, an accelerator rod, a dynode DY1-DYn and an anode. According to the invention, the effective working area of the photoelectric cathode is optimized, the accelerator rod is placed according to the electric field distribution, the relative position of the dynode is changed to optimize the electron motion trail, the incident light is focused to the effective position of the cathode surface electric field by using the micro-curved spherical incident light window, and the photoelectron generation position is optimized; a proper accelerator rod is placed according to the sparsity degree of distribution of an electric field near a cathode surface, so that electrons are better converged, the first multiplier tube and the second multiplier tube are designed to be of an asymmetric structure, and the distance and the included angle are adjusted to optimize an electron movement track to realize quick response.

This electron tube is provided with an electron emission unit including a metasurface from which electrons are emitted in response to entering of an electromagnetic wave having a predetermined electric field vibration direction, an electron multiplication unit that multiplies the electrons emitted from the electron emission unit, and a mesh electrode disposed between the electron emission unit and the electron multiplication unit. The mesh electrode includes a plurality of thin wires defining a plurality of openings arranged in a first direction parallel to the electric field vibration direction. When viewed in a traveling direction of the electromagnetic wave, each of the plurality of openings has an elongated shape of which the longitudinal direction corresponds to a second direction intersecting the first direction at an angle greater than or equal to 45 degrees.

A photomultiplier includes a housing including a proximal end and a distal end, an optical window disposed at the proximal end of the housing, an end-wall plate disposed at the distal end of the housing, a feedthrough that penetrates through the end-wall plate, and a gas electron multiplier (GEM) board disposed between the optical window and the end-wall plate.

An apparatus and method are provided for a night vision system including a transparent overlay display that transmit direct-view light representing an intensified image and emits display light representing a display image. The transparent overlay display is a borderless display in which the active area extends to at least one edge of the display. Data-handling circuitry is arranged within the active area, rather than being arranged along a border of the display. The data-handling circuitry may be fabricated in the active area of the display by fabricating it below opaque pixel regions that generate the display light. This borderless configuration allows partial overlap with the intensified image by eliminating opaque borders in which the data-handling circuitry is fabricated. This borderless configuration helps to minimize size, weight, and power by reducing the size of the display and eliminating the need for bulky beam splitters.

The present invention discloses a large-area photomultiplier tube with a segmented pressure application support system, which includes a vacuum glass container and a photocathode, an electron multiplication system, an anode, a segmented pressure application support system, and a power supply electrode contained therein. The anode passes through the vacuum glass container and is connected to an external signal processing circuit, and the power supply electrode passes through the vacuum glass container and is connected to an external power supply circuit. The vacuum glass container is spherical or nearly spherical; the photocathode is uniformly covered on the inner surface of the upper hemisphere of the vacuum glass container; the support system is placed at the handle opening of the vacuum glass container; the electron multiplication system is placed at the top opening of the segmented pressure application support system; the anode is placed parallel to the rear of the electron multiplication system. The photomultiplier tube of the present invention has high time resolution, high photoelectron collection efficiency, high photocathode coverage rate, and strong anti-geomagnetic field interference ability.

To provide a photodetector capable of reducing the crosstalk between channels.SOLUTION: A photodetector 1 comprises: a tabular incident surface plate 2 on which a photoelectric surface 2s for emitting photoelectrons in accordance with incident light is formed; and a semiconductor element 10 for detecting the photoelectrons emitted from the photoelectric surface 2s, the semiconductor element being disposed to face the photoelectric surface 2s. The semiconductor element 10 has a first portion 11 having an electron incident surface 11s facing the photoelectric surface 2s, the electron incident surface including a plurality of channels ch that are arranged separated from each other. A distance b between the photoelectric surface 2s and the electron incident surface 11s, an interval Δch between the channels ch, and a voltage V applied between the photoelectric surface 2s and the electron incident surface 11s satisfy the formula (1): distance b [mm] / interval Δch [mm]<14.4×voltage V [kV]+60.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 3

The invention relates to a colour image intensifier tube (13) comprising the following elements: - an input window (15); - a first filter (30) attached to an external face of the input window; - a microlens array (32) attached to the first filter; - a photocathode (16) attached to an internal face of the input window; - an electron multiplier (18); - a phosphorescent screen (20); - an optical output interface (21); and - a second filter (31), comprising the same set of pixels as the first selective filter, attached to the output interface.

Systems and methods for suppressing X-ray interference in radiation portal monitors are provided. A radiation portal monitor includes a scintillator configured to convert high energy photons into low energy photons, and a photomultiplier tube (PMT) coupled to the scintillator, the PMT including a photocathode configured to convert the low energy photons into electrons, and a series of dynodes configured to cascade the electrons to facilitate detecting gamma events. The radiation portal monitor further includes an electron deflecting arrangement configured to selectively deflect the electrons before they encounter the series of dynodes.

In a photoelectric conversion device, the meta-surface includes a first antenna portion, a first bias portion, a second antenna portion, and a second bias portion. The first antenna portion extends in a first direction and emits an electron in response to incidence of the electromagnetic wave. The first bias portion faces the first antenna portion and is configured to generate an electric field having a component in the first direction between the first bias portion and the first antenna portion. The second antenna portion extends in a second direction intersecting the first direction and emits an electron in response to incidence of the electromagnetic wave. The second bias portion faces the second antenna portion and is configured to generate an electric field having a component in the second direction between the second bias portion and the second antenna portion.

The application provides a kind of optical input window of cascade enhancement type for photocathode, belong to the field of optoelectronic devices, optical input window of cascade enhancement type for photocathode includes: substrate layer and cascade structure;Cascade structure is located between substrate layer and photoemissive layer;Cascade structure is used to modulate incident light;Cascade structure is in turn nano pattern layer, waveguide layer and plasmonic layer along the direction of incident light;Incident light enters from one side of substrate layer, is deflected after being modulated by nano pattern layer, forms waveguide in waveguide layer, so that plasmonic layer produces localized plasmon resonance effect, to promote photoemissive layer to carry out photoabsorption.The application improves the quantum efficiency of photocathode, and further improves the photoelectric response capability of photoelectric device.

The invention relates to a color image intensifier tube (13) comprising the following elements:– an input window (15);– a first filter (30) fixed on an external face of the input window;– a microlens array (32) fixed on the first filter;– a photocathode (16) fixed on an internal face of the input window;– an electron multiplier (18);– a phosphorescent screen (20);– an optical output interface (21); and– a second filter (31), comprising the same set of pixels as the first selective filter, fixed on the output interface. Figure for abstract: Fig 5

This electron tube is provided with: a photoelectric conversion unit that emits photoelectrons corresponding to incident light; an electron detection unit that receives the photoelectrons from the photoelectric conversion unit; a gate electrode section disposed between the photoelectric conversion section and the electron detection section; and a case unit that accommodates the photoelectric conversion unit, the electron detection unit, and the gate electrode unit. The case part has a cover part that fixes the photoelectric conversion part and constitutes one end side of the case part. The gate electrode section includes: a main body section that controls the passage of photoelectrons by applying a voltage; and a power supply unit that supports the main body so as to be separated from the photoelectric conversion unit, and applies a voltage to the main body. The power supply part is held by the cover part.

The invention relates to the field of electron multiplication sources, and provides an electron multiplication source and application thereof, and the electron multiplication source comprises a tube body with a tube cavity; the electron source comprises an optical fiber and an electron excitation layer; the anode assembly is located on an emergent path of the electron beam, is opposite to the light emergent end of the optical fiber and is arranged at an interval; the dynode group comprises at least one dynode arranged on the cavity wall of the tube cavity; and a power supply assembly. The electron multiplication source has the advantages of being small in size, high in integration degree, good in stability, high in multiplication effect and the like.

Provided is a photomultiplier tube including: a container including a window portion formed of a light-transmitting material, and a tubular portion that is connected to the window portion and defines a vacuum space in combination with the window portion; a photoelectric surface that is formed of a photoelectron-emitting material consisting of sodium, potassium, and antimony, is provided on a first surface of the window portion on a side of the vacuum space, and emits photoelectrons in correspondence with incident light; and an electron multiplier that emits secondary electrons in correspondence with incidence of the photoelectrons emitted from the photoelectric surface, and multiplies the secondary electrons. An aluminum oxide layer is formed between the photoelectric surface and the window portion and on a surface of the tubular portion.

An apparatus and method are provided for a night vision system including a transparent overlay display that transmit direct-view light representing an intensified image and emits display light representing a display image. The transparent overlay display is a borderless display in which the active area extends to at least one edge of the display. Data-handling circuitry is arranged within the active area, rather than being arranged along a border of the display. The data-handling circuitry may be fabricated in the active area of the display by fabricating it below opaque pixel regions that generate the display light. This borderless configuration allows partial overlap with the intensified image by eliminating opaque borders in which the data-handling circuitry is fabricated. This borderless configuration helps to minimize size, weight, and power by reducing the size of the display and eliminating the need for bulky beam splitters.

The photoelectric conversion device includes an electron emitting member. The electron emitting member has a metasurface that emits electrons in response to the incidence of electromagnetic waves. The metasurface includes a first antenna portion, a first bias portion, a second antenna portion, and a second bias portion. The first antenna portion extends in a first direction and emits electrons in response to the incidence of electromagnetic waves. The first bias portion faces the first antenna portion and is configured to generate an electric field having a component in the first direction between the first antenna portion and the first antenna portion. The second antenna portion extends in a second direction intersecting the first direction and emits electrons in response to the incidence of electromagnetic waves. The second bias portion faces the second antenna portion and is configured to generate an electric field having a component in the second direction between the second antenna portion and the second antenna portion.

To provide an electron tube that can appropriately make electromagnetic waves having a predetermined electric field oscillation direction incident on an electron emission section and can appropriately multiply electrons emitted from the electron emission section in response to the incidence of the electromagnetic waves having the predetermined electric field oscillation direction. [Solution] The electron tube (1) comprises an electron emitter (3) including a metasurface (32) that emits electrons in response to incidence of an electromagnetic wave (W) having a predetermined electric field oscillation direction (V), an electron multiplier (4) that multiplies the electrons emitted from the electron emitter (3), and a first mesh electrode (5) arranged between the electron emitter (3) and the electron multiplier (4). The first mesh electrode (5) includes a plurality of wires (52) that define a plurality of openings aligned in a first direction (D1) parallel to the electric field oscillation direction (V). When viewed from the propagation direction (T) of the electromagnetic wave (W), each of the plurality of openings has an elongated shape whose longitudinal direction is a second direction (D2) that intersects with the first direction (D1) at an angle of 45 degrees or more.

The photoelectric conversion device includes an electron emitting member having a metasurface that emits electrons in response to incidence of electromagnetic waves. The metasurface includes a plurality of photoelectric conversion units having sensitivity to electromagnetic waves in different wavelength ranges. The plurality of photoelectric conversion units include patterns having different configurations.

The invention relates to an intensifier and an imaging method thereof, in particular to a strong magnetic confinement high-speed gating image intensifier and an imaging method thereof, and aims to solve the problem that the shortest exposure time is in an ns order due to the fact that an existing image intensifier is affected by large coupling capacitance between a photocathode and an MCP. The image intensifier comprises an image intensifier body, wherein the image intensifier body comprises an input window, a photoelectric cathode, a micro-channel plate, a fluorescent screen and an output window which are sequentially arranged in the light path propagation direction; the input window comprises an input surface and an output surface; the photoelectric cathode is plated on the output surface of the input window; the micro-channel plate comprises an input surface and an output surface; a gated voltage U is arranged between the photoelectric cathode and the input surface of the micro-channel plate; an electrified solenoid is arranged outside the image intensifier body, and the central axis of the image intensifier body coincides with the central axis of the electrified solenoid; and the distance between the photoelectric cathode and the input surface of the micro-channel plate is greater than or equal to 0.3 mm.

The invention discloses a method for preparing a transmission-type polyalkali photocathode by automatically drying residual alkali in combination with photocurrent monitoring. According to the method, through photocurrent feedback closed-loop control, photocurrent real-time monitoring and a residual alkali drying process are linked for the first time, and dynamic optimization of an activation state is realized; staged self-adaptive baking is adopted, baking stages are automatically switched based on photocurrent change characteristics, and over-baking or under-baking is avoided; an adsorption inhibition design is adopted, and the influence of residual alkali metal on the cathode is reduced through double means of temperature gradient and electric field regulation and control. The transmission-type polyalkali photocathode prepared by the invention has the advantages that the performance is improved, the sensitivity is improved by 40%, the sensitivity attenuation rate is less than or equal to 5% after the transmission-type polyalkali photocathode is stored for 3 months, and the residual alkali time is shortened by 20-40%.

To provide a photodetector capable of reducing the crosstalk between channels.SOLUTION: A photodetector 1 comprises: a tabular incident surface plate 2 on which a photoelectric surface 2s for emitting photoelectrons in accordance with incident light is formed; and a semiconductor element 10 for detecting the photoelectrons emitted from the photoelectric surface 2s, the semiconductor element being disposed to face the photoelectric surface 2s. The semiconductor element 10 has a first portion 11 having an electron incident surface 11s facing the photoelectric surface 2s, the electron incident surface including a plurality of channels ch that are arranged separated from each other. A distance b between the photoelectric surface 2s and the electron incident surface 11s, an interval Δch between the channels ch, and a voltage V applied between the photoelectric surface 2s and the electron incident surface 11s satisfy the formula (1): distance b [mm] / interval Δch [mm]<14.4×voltage V [kV]+60.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 3

This charged particle detector comprises: a microchannel plate having an input surface through which charged particles enter, a multiplication unit that performs electron multiplication on the basis of input of the charged particles while maintaining positional information of the charged particles with respect to the input surface, and an output surface through which electrons multiplied by the multiplication unit are outputted; a resistive anode that, when electrons outputted through the output surface enters therein, outputs a charge signal corresponding to the entering position of the electrons; and an anode that is disposed in a spatial region between the output surface and the resistive anode, has an electron passage unit through which the electrons outputted through the output surface are allowed to pass, and is for collecting the electrons outputted from the resistive anode.

The present invention belongs to the technical field of photomultiplier tubes, and provides a composite dielectric anode and a composite dielectric anode microchannel plate type photomultiplier tube, which includes a photocathode, a tube shell, a microchannel plate and a composite dielectric anode. The photocathode is hermetically connected to the front end of the tube shell, the microchannel plate is assembled inside the tube shell, and the composite dielectric anode is hermetically connected to the end of the tube shell. The photocathode receives photons and converts the photons into photoelectrons. The photoelectrons are incident into the microchannel plate under the action of a focusing electric field. After electron multiplication by the microchannel plate, an electron cloud signal is output. The electron cloud signal is collected by the composite dielectric anode, and the electron cloud signal is converted into an electrical pulse signal and output to the outside of the photomultiplier tube. The composite dielectric anode is provided with two or more dielectrics with different dielectric constants between the anode core and the anode shell, so that the anode impedance is adjustable and matched with the impedance of the connected electronics at the rear end, and a photomultiplier tube for obtaining an ultrafast pulse signal is obtained.

The application discloses an infrared characteristic response photomultiplier. The photomultiplier comprises a lens system (1), an infrared characteristic response photocathode (2), an electron multiplication system (3), an anode receiving plate (4), a shell (5), electrode wires and a bias voltage source. The shell (5) is provided with an opening, the lens system (1) is arranged at the opening to form a vacuum, the infrared characteristic response photocathode (2), the electron multiplication system (3) and the anode receiving plate (4) are all arranged inside the shell (5), the infrared characteristic response photocathode (2) is provided with a micro-nano structure on the surface, the micro-nano structure has plasmonic characteristics, the lens system (1) is used for focusing infrared light and emitting the focused infrared light to the micro-nano structure of the infrared characteristic response photocathode (2), the infrared characteristic response photocathode (2) is used for generating photoelectrons and emitting the photoelectrons to the electron multiplication system (3), the electron multiplication system (3) is used for receiving the photoelectrons and generating multiplied electrons, the anode receiving plate (4) is used for collecting the multiplied electrons to generate an anode current, the electrode wires pass through the shell (5), one end of the electrode wires is connected with the infrared characteristic response photocathode (2) and the electron multiplication system (3) respectively, and the other end of the electrode wires is connected with the bias voltage source. The photomultiplier can effectively respond to the wave band of infrared light.

To provide an electron tube that can appropriately make electromagnetic waves having a predetermined electric field oscillation direction incident on an electron emission section and can appropriately multiply electrons emitted from the electron emission section in response to the incidence of the electromagnetic waves having the predetermined electric field oscillation direction. [Solution] The electron tube (1) comprises an electron emitter (3) including a metasurface (32) that emits electrons in response to incidence of an electromagnetic wave (W) having a predetermined electric field oscillation direction (V), an electron multiplier (4) that multiplies the electrons emitted from the electron emitter (3), and a first mesh electrode (5) arranged between the electron emitter (3) and the electron multiplier (4). The first mesh electrode (5) includes a plurality of wires (52) that define a plurality of openings aligned in a first direction (D1) parallel to the electric field oscillation direction (V). When viewed from the propagation direction (T) of the electromagnetic wave (W), each of the plurality of openings has an elongated shape whose longitudinal direction is a second direction (D2) that intersects with the first direction (D1) at an angle of 45 degrees or more.

The present application belongs to the field of optoelectronic devices. Provided is a cascade-enhanced optical input window for a photocathode. The cascade-enhanced optical input window for a photocathode comprises: a substrate layer (1), a cascaded structure, and a photoemissive layer (5), wherein the cascaded structure is located between the substrate layer (1) and the photoemissive layer (5); the cascaded structure is used for modulating incident light; the cascaded structure sequentially comprises a nano-pattern layer (2), a waveguide layer (3) and a plasmonic layer (4) in the direction of the incident light; and the incident light enters from one side of the substrate layer (1), and is deflected after being modulated by the nano-pattern layer (2), and then a waveguide is formed in the waveguide layer (3), such that the plasmonic layer (4) generates a localized plasmon resonance effect, thereby promoting light absorption of the photoemissive layer (5).