99results about "Mutiple dynode arrangements" patented technology

The invention discloses an axial asymmetric micro-channel plate structure based on an amorphous silicon material and a preparation method of the axial asymmetric micro-channel plate structure. The axial asymmetric micro-channel plate structure comprises a plurality of micro-channels arranged in a penetrating mode in the thickness direction of a device; each micro-channel is provided with an inlet section and an outlet section along the axial direction of the micro-channel plate; the channel geometric parameters of the micro-channels are different on the inlet section and the outlet section; or the equivalent electric fields of the micro-channels are distributed on the inlet section and the outlet section in a different manner; the inlet section of each micro-channel is used for regulating and controlling the initial incidence condition of electrons and the first effective interaction between the inlet section and the inner wall of the channel; collaborative design is carried out on geometrical morphology, electrical characteristics and material characteristics of the microchannels in the axial direction according to different physical stages of the electronic multiplication process corresponding to the structural level of the microchannels. According to the structure, higher controllability and consistency are obtained in the multiplication and transmission process of electrons in the channel on the structural level, and the structural rationality and design flexibility of the micro-channel plate serving as an electron multiplier are improved.

To provide a photoelectron multiplier capable of improving time characteristics due to an anode.SOLUTION: A photoelectron multiplier 1 includes: a photocathode 3; ten dynodes 10 that multiply electrons emitted from the photocathode 3; and an anode 7 that collects electrons multiplied by the dynode 10. The anode 7 has an electron collection surface 73 that faces a secondary electron emission surface 11j of a tenth dynode 10j and extends along the secondary electron emission surface 11j. The anode 7 has no electron passage hole on the electron path from the ninth dynode 10i to the tenth dynode 10j.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 2

This MCP detector (1) is provided with: an MCP (3) having an input surface (3a) into which electrons (e1) are input; multiplication units (11A, 11B) that multiply electrons generated in accordance with the input of the electrons (e1); an output surface (3b) that outputs the electrons (e2) multiplied by the multiplication units (11A, 11B); a planar dynode (5) which is separated from the output surface (3b), is arranged substantially parallel to the output surface (3b), and multiplies the electrons (e2) output from the output surface (3b); and an electron collection unit (7) that is disposed between the output surface (3b) and the dynode (5), is separated from the output surface (3b) and the dynode (5), and collects the electrons (e3) multiplied by the dynode (5), the electron collection unit (7) having: a line anode (7a) that includes a metal line extending along a plane substantially parallel to the output surface (3b); and a wire anode (7b) that is electrically insulated from the wire anode (7a), includes a metal wire extending along the plane, and is disposed between the wire anode (7a) and the dynode (5).

The invention belongs to the technical field of vacuum electronic devices, and particularly relates to a dynode with an edge expansion type inner substrate and an electron multiplier comprising the dynode. The dynode comprises a grid mesh assembly, a base frame box and an edge expansion type inner substrate, and the inner substrate is located in the base frame box. The lining bottom comprises an arc-shaped side wall part, an upper wall, a lower wall and a bent part; the bent parts are arranged between the arc-shaped side wall part and the upper wall and between the arc-shaped side wall and the lower wall; the base frame box comprises a side wall, and an upper baffle and a lower baffle which are connected with the side wall; the arc-shaped side wall part of the lining bottom is attached to the side wall of the base frame box, the upper wall of the lining bottom is tightly attached to the upper baffle of the base frame box, and the lower wall of the lining bottom is tightly attached to the lower baffle of the base frame box. The inner substrate structure enables the electric field in the dynode to change, and especially the electric field intensity at the corners in the dynode, namely the area where the bent part is located, is obviously changed. The problem of low dynode electron collection efficiency is solved, and the gain of the electron multiplier is improved.

This photomultiplier tube includes a photoelectric surface, N-stage dynodes (N is an integer of 2 or more) for multiplying electrons emitted from the photoelectric surface, and an anode for collecting electrons multiplied by the dynodes. The anode has an electron collection surface that faces a secondary electron emission surface of the N-th stage dynode and at least partially extends along the secondary electron emission surface, and there is no electron passage hole on an electron path from the N-1th dynode to the N-th dynode.

The invention discloses a silicon-based micro-channel plate (MCP) structure and a manufacturing method thereof, relates to the technical field of semiconductor device manufacturing, and aims to solve the problems of poor high temperature resistance, insufficient etching precision, film layer quality defect and process synergy deficiency of a traditional glass-based / organic-based MCP. An 8-inch N-type monocrystalline silicon wafer is adopted in the structure, the thickness of the N-type monocrystalline silicon wafer is (250-350) + / -25 microns, micropores of 3-10 microns are evenly distributed, the hole pitch is 7-22 microns, the inclination angle is 6-12 degrees, the side wall roughness is smaller than or equal to 50 nm, the perpendicularity deviation is smaller than or equal to + / -0.5 degrees, an AlO or AlO / HfO / AlO electron multiplication layer with the thickness of 10-30 nm is prepared on the inner wall of a channel through ALD, and a Cr / Ni electrode with the thickness of 50-80 nm is plated on the surface. According to the method, the OES is used for monitoring SiFs in real time. According to the invention, the double targets of < = 30% of 1kg impact fracture rate and stable electron multiplication gain are achieved, the tolerable temperature reaches 800 DEG C, the secondary electron emission efficiency is improved by 25%, the production efficiency is improved by 20%, the cost is reduced by 15%, and the method is suitable for the high-sensitivity detection fields of night vision imaging, particle detection and the like.

The invention relates to a micro-channel plate, in particular to an electron beam focusing method of the micro-channel plate, the micro-channel plate and an image intensifier, and solves the technical problem that the spatial resolution of the image intensifier is reduced due to the fact that the existing micro-channel plate is easy to generate an electron beam spot expansion effect. According to the electron beam focusing method of the micro-channel plate provided by the invention, the insulating dielectric layer and the modulation electrode are arranged outside the output electrode of the existing micro-channel plate, and different working voltages are applied to the output electrode and the modulation electrode, so that an electric field with electron beam focusing capability is formed between the two electrodes; the electron beams emitted by each micro-channel are focused and shaped, so that the size of an electron beam spot is reduced, and the spatial resolution is improved. Meanwhile, the modulation electrode changes the electric field distribution condition at the output electrode, so that more multiplied electrons can be emitted, and the electron gain of the micro-channel plate can be improved.

An electron tube includes a vacuum container having a translucent substrate; a photoelectric element disposed on the inner surface of the translucent substrate; an anode disposed within the vacuum container; and a prism. The prism has a bottom surface bonded to the outer surface of the translucent substrate; a light incident surface; and a light reflecting surface that further reflects light that enters the photoelectric element via the prism and the translucent substrate and is reflected at the interface between the photoelectric element and the vacuum space, causing the light to enter the photoelectric element again. The light reflecting surface has an outwardly convex curved surface. The light incident surface is located inward of an imaginary spherical surface extending along the light reflecting surface.

This electron tube is provided with an electron emission unit including a metasurface from which electrons are emitted in response to entering of an electromagnetic wave having a predetermined electric field vibration direction, an electron multiplication unit that multiplies the electrons emitted from the electron emission unit, and a mesh electrode disposed between the electron emission unit and the electron multiplication unit. The mesh electrode includes a plurality of thin wires defining a plurality of openings arranged in a first direction parallel to the electric field vibration direction. When viewed in a traveling direction of the electromagnetic wave, each of the plurality of openings has an elongated shape of which the longitudinal direction corresponds to a second direction intersecting the first direction at an angle greater than or equal to 45 degrees.

The invention relates to a micro-channel plate manufacturing method based on a mold pouring method and a micro-channel plate. The method comprises the steps that a silicon microchannel array substrate is placed on a metal mold material, and holes of the silicon microchannel array substrate face downwards; based on a crucible and a vacuum hot melting filling device, liquefying a metal mold material and filling the metal mold material into the silicon micro-channel array substrate; cooling to realize metal curing to obtain a metal mold precursor, and corroding silicon to obtain a metal mold; putting the high borosilicate glass material and the metal mold into a crucible, and filling the high borosilicate glass material into the metal mold based on a vacuum hot melting filling device; cooling to obtain a glass-metal complex, and corroding a metal material to obtain a micro-channel plate substrate; carrying out hydroxylation treatment; and preparing a dynode on the micro-channel plate substrate, and performing annealing treatment to obtain the micro-channel plate. The microchannel plate with a high softening point and high purity can be manufactured, the yield is high, noise is low, exhaust in the channel is sufficient, and the service life of the image tube is prolonged.

A photomultiplier includes a housing including a proximal end and a distal end, an optical window disposed at the proximal end of the housing, an end-wall plate disposed at the distal end of the housing, a feedthrough that penetrates through the end-wall plate, and a gas electron multiplier (GEM) board disposed between the optical window and the end-wall plate.

The invention discloses a small-halo vacuum photoelectric device and application thereof. The small-halo vacuum photoelectric device comprises a first ceramic ring, a second ceramic ring, a first metal ring, a second metal ring, an elastic pressing ring and an electron multiplication plate with a conductive input surface and a conductive output surface, a first ceramic ring is arranged on the bottom surface of the first metal ring; a second metal ring is arranged on the bottom surface of the first ceramic ring; the second metal ring is arranged on the top surface of the second ceramic ring; an anode is arranged on the bottom surface of the second ceramic ring. By arranging an angle from 89 degrees to 86 degrees on the elastic compression ring of the structure device, plane contact between the elastic compression ring and the conductive input surface of the electron multiplication plate is realized, and local or complete non-electric contact between the elastic compression ring and the electron multiplication plate and related surfaces thereof is eliminated; the halo phenomenon generated by stray light generated by surface deformation of the electron multiplier plate is eliminated, and the imaging quality is improved.

The application discloses a kind of compact structure, high time resolution microchannel plate assembly, it can be applied to analytical instrument such as mass spectrometry detection field.The microchannel plate assembly includes: output electrode column, fixed screw, insulating substrate, anode cover plate, anode plate, output electrode plate, microchannel plate, metal shielding base, positioning sleeve, wherein, output electrode plate and output electrode column are connected to each other and constitute the output electrode of microchannel plate;Anode plate is connected to each other by plane anode pattern and conical receiving terminal and constitutes;Microchannel plate input surface is plated with high secondary electron emission film, to realize the high detection efficiency of microchannel plate assembly.Insulating substrate, anode cover plate, anode plate, output electrode plate, microchannel plate and metal shielding base are fixed by fixed screw and become integrated form, with compact structure, high time resolution characteristics.

A method for controlling an ion detector is provided. The method includes converting a received ion into emitted electrons, multiplying the emitted electrons, detecting the multiplied electrons, generating a detection signal in response, and determining the ion intensity from the detection signal.

This application relates to the technical field of low-light imaging and photoelectric detection, and discloses an image intensifier with a microchannel plate having dual-layer output electrodes. The intensifier includes a photocathode, a microchannel plate, and a fluorescent screen arranged sequentially along the directions of photon, photoelectron, and secondary electron propagation. The output end of the microchannel plate has a dual-layer output electrode structure, including a first output electrode layer, a high secondary electron multiplication layer, and a second output electrode layer stacked sequentially from the inside to the outside of the channel. This structure collimates and focuses the output electrons, thereby improving spatial resolution. The high secondary electron multiplication layer of the microchannel plate is an insulating material with a high secondary electron emission coefficient, which can compensate for the gain loss caused by the immersion of the first and second output electrode layers into the channel, improving the spatial resolution of the image intensifier while effectively maintaining its gain performance.

The invention relates to the technical field of electron emission, and discloses a large-current pulse micro-channel plate electron emission source and an X-ray generation device. According to the electron emission source, an electron emission function layer at the head end of an MCP assembly is excited by adopting a rapidly regulated and controlled UV LED light source, and ultrafast time sequence modulation of electron beams is realized through an avalanche multiplication process of the electron beams in the MCP. By adopting a specific high-lead, low-alkali or alkali-free glass component or ceramic substrate composite functional film layer structure, the MCP assembly has long service life stability of low resistance, high current output and high power density operation. Independent bias voltage and gating voltage synchronous with electronic pulse are applied to the MCP assembly through the driving control unit, accurate thermal management is carried out in combination with a pulse-charging circulation mode, and the problems of charge compensation and thermal limitation under large current output are effectively solved. The electron emission source breaks through the bottleneck, supports peak current density exceeding 100 mA / cm under submicrosecond pulse, and realizes hundred microampere level steady-state current output under millisecond level long pulse.

This invention discloses a microchannel plate glass and its preparation method, relating to the field of special glass materials technology. The microchannel plate glass includes a skin glass and a core glass. The skin glass includes P2O5, V2O5, BaO, La2O3, Li2O+Na2O+K2O, ZrO, Al2O3 and Al(OH)3, PbO, and Fe2O3. The core glass includes P2O5, ZnO, Al2O3 and Al(OH)3, SiO2, CaO+MgO, and BaO. This invention overcomes the shortcomings of traditional lead-containing silicate glass as a substrate material for MCP microporous arrays. Furthermore, the microchannel plate made of semiconductor glass does not require hydrogenation heat treatment and does not exhibit this "cation feedback" phenomenon. Compared to microchannel plates made of ordinary glass, the bulk conductivity microchannel plate can maintain stable performance over a long period. By screening specific material components and optimizing the ratio of each component, the skin glass and core glass can simultaneously possess a stable network framework and a high softening temperature, while achieving a precise match between their coefficients of thermal expansion and high-temperature viscosity coefficients.

To provide a photoelectron multiplier capable of preventing discharge between dynodes while improving time characteristics.SOLUTION: A photoelectron multiplier 1 includes: a photocathode 3; an N-th dynode 10 (N is an integer of 2 or more) that multiplies electrons emitted from the photocathode 3; and an anode 7 that collects an electron multiplied by the dynode 10. An m-th dynode 10 (m is an integer of 2 or more and N or less) is disposed so as to face an (m-1)-th dynode 10. In a longitudinal direction of the dynode 10, the width of an edge E of the m-th dynode 10 on the (m-1)-th dynode 10 side is smaller than the width of the (m-1)-th dynode 10. In the longitudinal direction of the dynode 10, the edge E of the m-th dynode 10 is included inside the (m-1)-th dynode 10.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 6

The application relates to the technical field of micro-light imaging, and discloses an image intensifier with a micro-channel plate, which comprises, from top to bottom, a photocathode, a micro-channel plate and a fluorescent screen. The micro-channel plate comprises a lead silicate glass substrate with hundreds of thousands of electron multiplication channels, an input electrode located at the incident end of the channels, an output electrode located at the outgoing end of the channels and a channel inner wall forming the inner surface of the channels. The surface layer of the input electrode and the channel inner wall is a material layer, and the surface layer of the output electrode is a NiCr material layer. The input electrode and the channel inner wall adopt a material layer with a high secondary electron emission coefficient to ensure high gain; the output electrode adopts a NiCr material layer with a low secondary electron emission coefficient to absorb large-angle electrons and collimate the output electron beam, thereby improving the spatial resolution, effectively solving the mutual restriction relationship between the spatial resolution and the gain in the existing micro-channel plate and realizing high-brightness and high-definition imaging.

This photomultiplier tube comprises: a photoelectric surface; N stages of dynodes (where N is an integer of 2 or more) that multiply electrons emitted from the photoelectric surface; and an anode that collects the electrons multiplied by the dynodes. The mth stage dynode (where m is an integer that is not less than 2 and not more than N) is disposed opposite from the m-1th stage dynode. In the longitudinal direction of the dynodes, the width of the edge of mth stage dynode on the m-1th stage dynode side thereof is less than the width of the m-1th stage dynode. In the longitudinal direction, said edge of the mth stage dynode is contained inside the m-1th stage dynode.

This charged particle detector comprises: a channel-type first multiplication unit having a channel unit that emits electrons in response to incidence of charged particles, multiplies the emitted electrons, and emits the multiplied electrons; a discrete-type second multiplication unit that is disposed to face the first multiplication unit in a prescribed direction, and multiplies the electrons emitted from the channel unit of the first multiplication unit; and an anode that collects the multiplied electrons. The second multiplication unit includes a reduction unit formed such that, on at least one cross section along the prescribed direction, the width decreases toward the first multiplication unit in a direction orthogonal to the prescribed direction. The reduction unit has a pair of surfaces formed to approach each other closer toward the first multiplication unit on the cross section. The second multiplication unit multiplies the electrons that are emitted from the channel unit of the first multiplication unit and are incident on the pair of surfaces.

The invention relates to the technical field of micro-channel plates, and discloses a method for preparing a micro-channel plate based on pulsed femtosecond laser composite chemical etching and the micro-channel plate, the method adopts pulsed femtosecond laser to carry out laser modification on a transparent substrate, so that the acid / alkali dissolution rate of a modified area is different from that of an unmodified area, and the acid / alkali dissolution rate of the modified area is different from that of the unmodified area. Chemical etching combination is further used, the modified area is dissolved and eliminated, a microstructure is formed, and the micropore array substrate is prepared; then manufacturing a composite nano functional film layer on the inner wall of the channel of the processed micropore array substrate, so that the inner wall of the channel has conductivity and secondary electron emission capability at the same time; and finally, plating metal electrode film layers on the input surface and the output surface of the micropore array substrate and in the depth direction extending towards the inner wall of the channel to prepare a microchannel plate product. The composite process method provided by the invention can replace a traditional micro-channel plate preparation technology, and the preparation efficiency and the controllability are greatly improved.

The invention provides a microchannel plate for cathode electron self-focusing in a photocathode X-ray tube and a use method. A micro-channel plate is applied to the technical field of high-performance X-ray tubes, a substrate is a physical substrate of the micro-channel plate and is of a Fresnel lens structure, and the substrate is provided with a plane incident plane and a distorted surface output plane formed by concentric annular belts; a gradient aperture array is distributed on the substrate, and the gradient aperture array is arranged on the plane of the substrate; the radial gradient material is a surface functional coating of the inner wall of the micro-channel; the variable aperture channel is an inner wall surface three-dimensional contour of each independent micro-channel forming the gradient aperture array, and each independent micro-channel in the gradient aperture array is defined. Different secondary electron emission materials are coated on the surface of the inner wall of each micro-channel defined by the gradient aperture array in a partitioned manner along the radial direction. In this way, the problems that in the prior art, an X-ray tube is loose in structure and poor in performance can be solved.

An elementary particle detector including dynodes capable of converting an elementary particle into an electron avalanche, conductive grids capable of being crossed by accelerated electrons, and each being defined by a unique electrical potential, each unique electrical potential being chosen so that the unique electrical potential of the conductive grid is strictly lower than the unique electrical potential applied to the conductive grid which follows it along the detection direction, at least one signal sensor capable of measuring an electrical signal produced by the accelerated electrons when they cross the conductive grids, and a control unit configured to determine, from the electrical signal, a conversion dynode at which the conversion of the elementary particle has taken place. The invention also relates to a method for detecting elementary particles.

An electron tube (1) is provided with: a photoelectric surface (3) that converts incident light into photoelectrons; a plurality of dynodes (11) and anodes (6); an insulating substrate (12) that holds the dynode (11) and the dynode (11) and the anode (6) in an electrically insulated state; and a case (2) that houses the dynode (11), the anode (6), and the insulating substrate (12). The insulating substrate (12) has: a base layer (21) that is made of a polycrystalline material and has electrical insulation properties; an electrically insulating intermediate layer (22) comprising an amorphous material; and a surface layer (23) comprising a carbon-containing material and having a lower electrical resistance than the intermediate layer (22).

The application belongs to the technical field of glass and specifically relates to a glass material with high corrosion resistance and stability, the cation composition of which is as follows in terms of mole percentage: 61-70% of Si 4+ , 3-12.5% of B 3+ , 1-5.5% of Al 3+ , 5-13% of K + , 5-13% of Na + , 0.2-3% of Ca 2+ , 0.1-2% of Li + , 0.1-1% of Mg 2+ , and 0.1-1% of Ti 4+ . The application is designed in a multi-component and multi-functional synergistic manner, so that the prepared glass meets the harsh requirements on thermal, optical, chemical and processing properties, is suitable for high-end optical devices such as micro-channel plates, and has a wide application prospect in the fields of photoelectric detection and imaging, mass spectrometers, high-energy physics, streak cameras, high-end medical imaging and the like.

Systems and methods for suppressing X-ray interference in radiation portal monitors are provided. A radiation portal monitor includes a scintillator configured to convert high energy photons into low energy photons, and a photomultiplier tube (PMT) coupled to the scintillator, the PMT including a photocathode configured to convert the low energy photons into electrons, and a series of dynodes configured to cascade the electrons to facilitate detecting gamma events. The radiation portal monitor further includes an electron deflecting arrangement configured to selectively deflect the electrons before they encounter the series of dynodes.

The CEM and ion detector of the present embodiment has a configuration for achieving ion detection with higher sensitivity than the prior art. The channel-type electron multiplier has at least a channel body, an input-side conductive layer, an output-side conductive layer, and an electrode. The channel body contains a channel having a tapered opening portion provided on the input side, and a resistance layer and an electron emission layer formed on the inner wall surface of the channel. The input-side conductive layer is provided on the input end surface of the channel body and a part thereof extends within the tapered opening portion. The output-side conductive layer is provided on the output end surface of the tapered opening portion. The electrode has one or more openings through which charged particles pass, and is disposed on the opposite side of the output end surface with respect to the input end surface. The electrode and the input-side conductive layer are set to the same potential by excluding the influence of an external electric field within the tapered opening portion.

The application provides a method for improving the gain of a microchannel plate by using a vacuum baking process, which uses a skin glass tube and a core glass rod as a basis, and is processed by two times of wire drawing, screen arrangement, hot melting and pressing, slicing, rough grinding, polishing, etching, hydrogen reduction and film plating to obtain a microchannel plate wafer, and the film layer of the microchannel plate wafer is completed. After that, the microchannel plate wafer is placed in a vacuum environment, and high-temperature baking is performed at a preset baking temperature to obtain a microchannel plate with high gain. The application places the microchannel plate wafer in a vacuum environment after the microchannel plate wafer is prepared, and then performs high-temperature baking at a preset baking temperature. By high-temperature and high-vacuum baking, various gaseous reactants and products that may be adsorbed in the film plating process are removed, and a microchannel plate with high gain is obtained. The gain of the obtained microchannel plate is controlled through the process of vacuum baking, including the control of baking temperature and baking time, and the gain of the microchannel plate can be at least 10 4 times the above gain.

The invention relates to the technical field of image intensifiers, and particularly discloses an audio noise suppression device and method for an automatic gating type image intensifier, and the device comprises a voltage stabilization power supply circuit module, a microprocessor, a low-voltage pulse circuit module, a gating gate circuit module, and a cathode output circuit module. The input end of the voltage-stabilizing power supply circuit module is connected with a 2-4VDC power supply, and the output end of the voltage-stabilizing power supply circuit module outputs 3.3 VDC power supply voltage and is connected with a power supply input pin and a grounding pin of the microprocessor; a PWM output pin of the microprocessor is connected with an input signal end of the low-voltage pulse circuit module; the signal output end of the low-voltage pulse circuit module is connected with the control input end of the gating gate circuit module; the high-voltage power supply input end of the gating gate circuit module is connected with high-voltage alternating current, and the high-voltage pulse signal output end of the gating gate circuit module is connected with the input end of the cathode output circuit module; and the output end of the cathode output circuit module is connected with the photoelectric cathode of the image intensifier single tube.