590results about "Polarisation spectroscopy" patented technology

A birefringent interferometer system is described which uses nematic liquid crystal cells to produce variable optical path differences (OPD) between light of different polarization states that are interfered at a polarizing analyzer. Fixed retarders may also be incorporated to extend the range of OPD. The interferometer provides wide field-of-view, continuously variable path difference over a large range, and an on-board monitor of OPD for ensuring accurate settings of path difference, and hence, an accurate wavelength scale in the spectra produced by the apparatus. The system can further incorporate additional polarizing optics so it responds equally well to light of any incident polarization state without loss of efficiency.

The present invention relates to alkylglycoside-containing compositions and methods for increasing the stability, reducing the aggregation and immunogenicity, increasing the biological activity, and reducing or preventing fibrillar formation of a peptide, polypeptide, or variant thereof, for example insulin and Peptide T or analog thereof.

A reflection-type terahertz spectrometer includes an input optical path through which terahertz waves are propagated, an irradiating mechanism that irradiates a sample with terahertz waves propagated through the input optical path, an output optical path through which terahertz waves exiting from the irradiating mechanism are propagated, and a detector that receives and detects the terahertz waves propagated through the output optical path. The irradiating mechanism has at least one planar interface and a refractive index greater than that of a peripheral region contacting the planar interface and is disposed between the input optical path and the output optical path such that the terahertz waves propagated through the input optical path to be incident on the planar interface undergo total internal reflection at the planar interface, and the sample is disposed in the peripheral region contacting the planar interface of the irradiating mechanism. When the terahertz waves undergo the total internal reflection at the planar interface, the sample is irradiated with evanescent waves scattering from the planar interface to the peripheral region contacting the planar interface, so as to measure a spectrum.

An illumination subsystem for use in optical analysis which provides spatially and angularly homogenized radiation to the sample being analyzed. The system eliminates the illumination system as an interferent in the overall optical analysis. Thus, modest translations or rotations of the illumination source or changing the illumination source does not require recalibration of the instrument or prior modeling of illumination variability due to such changes. Illumination stability is achieved by incorporating a light pipe which both angularly and spatially homogenizes the light. Further, a series of filters and/or lenses are incorporated to provide bandpass filtering which eliminates unwanted wavelengths or bands of wavelengths from contacting the tissue and allows for a higher signal-to-noise ratio when the sample is tissue, while preventing thermal damage.

A hyper-spectral imaging filter has serial stages along an optical signal path in a Solc filter configuration. Angularly distributed retarder elements of equal birefringence are stacked in each stage, with a polarizer between stages. The retarders can include tunable (such as abutted liquid crystals tuned in unison), fixed and/or combined tunable and fixed birefringences. Although the retardations are equal within each stage, distinctly different retardations are used for two or more different stages. This causes some stages to pass narrow bandpass peaks and other stages to have widely spaced bandpass peaks. The transmission functions of the serial stages are superimposed with selected preferably-tunable peaks coinciding. The resulting conjugate filter has a high finesse ratio, and good out of band rejection.

The invention discloses a transmission type Mueller matrix spectrum ellipsometer and a measuring method thereof. The transmission type Mueller matrix spectrum ellipsometer measuring method comprises the following steps: projecting modulation rays produced by a partial arm on the surface of a to-be-tested sample, a check partial arm demodulates and receives the rays reflected (or transmitted) by the to-be-tested sample, by proceeding harmonic wave analysis to a tested spectrum, computing and acquiring the full Mueller matrix information of the to-be-tested sample, further through arithmetic of nonlinear regression, liberty matching, and the like, and fitting and extracting information of an optical constant, characteristic, morphology, size and the like of the to-be-tested sample. An ellipsometer comprises the partial arm (comprises light source, a lens group, a polarizer, and a compensator driven by a servo motor),the to-be-tested sample and the check partial arm (comprises the compensator driven by a servo motor, an analyzer the lens group and a spectrograph. The transmission type Mueller matrix spectrum ellipsometer and the measuring method thereof can achieve all kinds of materials and components with information phoelectron functions, and online measurement of all kinds of nano-structures in nano-fabrication, so that transmission type Mueller matrix spectrum ellipsometer and the measuring method thereof have the advantages of being capable of possessing non-destructive property, fast, and low in cost.

A spectrometer includes a substrate; a slit which is provided on the substrate and through which light is incident onto the substrate; a metasurface including nanostructures that is configured to reflect and focus the light incident thereon through the slit, at different angles based on respective wavelengths; and a sensor which is provided on one side of the substrate that is opposite to another side of the substrate at which the metasurface is disposed, and configured to receive the light from the metasurface.

Plural electronic or optical images are provided in a streak optical system, as for instance by use of plural slits instead of the conventional single slit, to obtain a third, fourth, etc. dimension—rather than only the conventional two, namely range or time and azimuth. Such additional dimension or dimensions are thereby incorporated into the optical information that is to be streaked and thereby time resolved. The added dimensions may take any of an extremely broad range of forms, including wave-length, polarization state, or one or more spatial dimensions—or indeed virtually any optical parameter that can be impressed upon a probe beam. Resulting capabilities remarkably include several new forms of lidar spectroscopy, fluorescence analysis, polarimetry, spectropolarimetry, and combinations of these, as well as a gigahertz wavefront sensor.

An in-vivo blood composition analyzing apparatus and method generates a laser beam at the blood vessels of the patient's eye. The Raman scattered photons from the blood vessels are collected and used to generate a Raman spectrum indicative of the blood composition. In one embodiment, a laser beam is generated with two streams of photons, the photons of one beam being entangled with the photons of the other beam. One stream is then directed at the eye and only the other beam is analyzed to obtain said Raman spectrum. Alternatively, the scattered photons from the second beam are also analyzed and the results are correlated for greater efficiency and accuracy.

A multi-energy polarization imaging method consisting of a multi-fusion, dual-rotating retarder/multiple-energy complete Mueller matrix-based polarimeter and dual-energy capabilities, has been invented. The term multifusion describes the use of several imaging functions altogether such as polarimetric imaging, dual-energy subtraction, multifocal imaging and other. By substracting polarimetric parameters such as degree of polarization, degree of linear polarization, degree of circular polarization, respectively, obtained with interrogation light beams of wavelengths λ₁ and λ₂, he system, enhanced imaging is obtained. The system includes a light source for illuminating a target with a first quantity of light having a first wavelength and a second quantity of light having a second wavelength, the first and second wavelengths being different. A polarization-state generator generates a polarization state for each of the first and second quantities of light, and includes a first polarizer through which the first and second quantities of light are transmitted before entering a first waveplate. A polarization-state receiver evaluates a resulting polarization state of the first and second quantities of light following illumination of the target, the polarization-state receiver including a second waveplate through which the first and second quantittes of light are transmitted before entering a second polarizer. An optical image-capture device captures a first image of the target illuminated by the first quantity of light and a second image of the target illuminated by the second quantity of light. A processing unit assigns a weighting factor to at least one of the first and second images and evaluates a weighted difference between the first and second images to generate a multi-energy image of the target.

The invention provides spectroscopy apparatuses and methods allowing precise overlapping between circularly polarized pump beam and a counter propagating linearly polarized probe beams in a sample which presents unique advantages for precision spectroscopy. In general, the apparatus comprises a phase retarding element with which by double pass by retro reflection of an incident beam turn linearly polarized light to circular and vice versa. This unique configuration enable to design a compact and miniature apparatus which may be applied for measuring polarization spectroscopy, nonlinear optical rotation and coherent population trapping phenomena with certain advantages resulting from the unique optical arrangement. The design of the apparatus further facilitates integration and scaling to produce arrays of units which may be particularly useful for magnetometry applications. Other important applications of the invention include laser frequency stabilization and atomic clocks.

The invention discloses a spectrum polarization detection device and a method for synchronous polarization modulation interference imaging. The spectrum polarization detection device comprises a preposed polarization imaging system, an image plane interference imaging spectrometer and a signal processing system which are arranged on the same optical axis in sequence. Incident light forms four groups of light beams with different polarization state information through a polarization element and the light beams are separated on a space of a back focal plane of a microlens array. The separated light beams shoot into a lateral cutting beam splitter after passing through a collimator objective lens and are divided into two crosswise, and optical path difference information is brought in. Two branches of emergent light passes through a postpositional imaging objective lens, a target image with interference information and polarization state information is obtained on a target face of a detector, and the target image is transformed into an electrical signal and enters a signal processing system. Fourier transform is carried out, and light intensity information, spectral information and complete Stokes polarization information of a two-dimensional space of each target point are obtained. The spectrum polarization detection device for synchronous polarization modulation interference imaging has the advantages of being high spectral resolution, high in signal to noise ratio and simultaneous in complete Stokes polarization information and can be used for spectrum detection of a narrow band or a wide band.

Measurements at multiple distinct polarization measurement states are taken to define the polarization state of an input, for example to calculate a Stokes vector. High accuracy and/or capability of frequent recalibration are needed, due to the sensitivity of measurement to retardation of the input signal. A multiple measurement technique takes a set of spatially and/or temporally distinct intensity measurements through distinct waveplates and polarizers. These can be optimized as to orientation and retardation using initial choices and also using tunable elements, especially controllable birefringence elements. A device matrix defines the response of the device at each of the measurement states. The matrix can be corrected using an iterative technique to revise the device matrix, potentially by automated recalibration. Two input signals (or preferably the same signal before and after a polarization transform) that are known to have a common polarization attribute or other attribute relationship are measured and the common attribute and/or attribute relationship is derived for each and compared. The device matrix is revised, for example by iterative correction or by random search of candidates to improve the accuracy of the device matrix. Optional tunable spectral and temporal discrimination provide additional functions.

A zoom full-polarization spectral imaging detection system consists of a zoom optical lens, a spectral filter, two liquid crystal variable retarders (an LCVR1 and an LCVR2), a polarizer, a microspur optical lens, a charge-coupled device, an electronic driver, an image acquisition card and a computer. The imaging system of the system adopts a zoom optical system; the corresponding spectral imaging is achieved through the selection of suitable spectral filers; as the phase delay is changed by controlling the value of voltage applied to the two LCVRs, the full-polarization imaging of the system is realized; and the image signal of the target to be detected is collected by the computer and is subjected to image processing. The invention has the ability of subjecting a target to be detected to full-polarization spectrum detection within the range of visible wavelength or near infrared wavelength, and can achieve varying spatial resolutions in the same detection distance.

The disclosure relates to a portable system having a fiber array spectral translator (“FAST”) for obtaining a spatially accurate wavelength-resolved image of a sample having a first and a second spatial dimension that can be used for the detection of hazardous agents by irradiating a sample with light, forming an image of all or part of the sample using Raman shifted light from the sample, and analyzing the Raman shifted light for patterns characteristic of one or more hazardous agents.

Information is encoded in an image signal by exploiting spectral differences between colors that appear the same when rendered. These spectral differences are detected using image sensing that discerns the spectral differences. Spectral difference detection methods include using sensor-synchronized spectrally-structured-light imaging, 3D sensors, imaging spectrophotometers, and higher resolution Bayer pattern capture relative to resolution of patches used to convey a spectral difference signal.

An apparatus for image elastic scattering spectroscopy is disclosed that is comprised of a light source for generating polarized light. Means are provided to convey the polarized light to a target. A collector receives light reflected from the target. A detector is responsive to the collector for generating images at both parallel and perpendicular polarizations for each of a plurality of wavelengths. A range finder detects a distance to the target. Control electronics control the image generation and the range finder. The apparatus may be configured to image areas on the surface of the body or configured so as to be inserted into various body cavities. Typically, the apparatus will be used in conjunction with an analyzer for analyzing the images for evidence of abnormal cells. Methods of gathering data and of screening for abnormal cells are also disclosed.