468 results about "Waveplate" patented technology

The invention relates to the technical field of laser ranging, in particular to a double-optical-comb hybrid ranging device which comprises a signal detection optical path system and a signal demodulation optical path system. Wherein the signal detection optical path system comprises a first optical frequency comb, a first optical isolator, a first optical collimator, a first beam splitter prism, a reference mirror, a Faraday rotator, a convergence mirror and a target reflector; the signal demodulation optical path system comprises a second optical frequency comb, a second optical isolator, a second optical collimator, a half-wave plate, a second beam splitter prism, a third beam splitter prism, a first polarization controller, a first photoelectric detector, a reflector, a polarization beam splitter prism, a second polarization controller and a second photoelectric detector. A third polarization controller; and a third photoelectric detector. According to the invention, three ranging technologies of asynchronous optical sampling ranging, multi-heterodyne interference ranging and synthetic wavelength ranging are fused, and the problem that a large ranging range and high ranging precision cannot be simultaneously considered in the ranging process is solved.

The invention relates to the technical field of optical element surface shape dynamic measurement scheme design, in particular to an element surface shape dynamic measurement system based on a metasurface. According to the scheme, polarized light emitted by a laser is split into reference light and test light, the test light passes through a quarter-wave plate twice to realize polarization orthogonalization, and the test light is combined with the reference light to form elliptically polarized light; synchronously capturing component intensities of left-handed / right-handed circular polarized light and orthogonal line polarized light by using a detector, and resolving a phase difference delta in real time by combining a Stokes parameter; environmental interference is eliminated based on a common-path design, a polarization beam-splitting element is omitted, and the architecture is simplified; accurate dynamic measurement of the surface shape of the measured piece is realized by deducting the inherent surface shape error of the system. The system provided by the invention has the advantages of strong anti-interference performance, high measurement efficiency, remarkable cost reduction and the like, and is suitable for precise optical manufacturing and on-line detection scenes.

The invention discloses a semiconductor laser, which comprises a laser light source; the polarizer comprises an incident side, a first reflection light-emitting side, a second reflection light-emitting side and a transmission light-emitting side; the first wave plate is arranged on the first reflection light emitting side; the second wave plate is arranged on the transmission light-emitting side; during working, laser emitted by the laser light source comprises first polarized light and second polarized light, the polarization directions of the first polarized light and the second polarized light are perpendicular to each other, and the laser enters the polarizer from the incidence side; the first polarized light is reflected by the polarizer, passes through the first wave plate to be subjected to polarization turning and is emitted along a first emergent light path, and part of light reflected back along the first emergent light path on the working surface passes through the first wave plate to be subjected to polarization turning again and passes through the polarizer to be emitted from a second reflection emergent light side; the second polarized light passes through the polarizer and the second wave plate to be subjected to polarization turning and is emitted out along a second emergent light path, and part of light reflected back along the second emergent light path on the working surface is subjected to polarization turning through the second wave plate again, then enters the polarizer and is reflected out from the second reflection emergent light side.

A zero-optical-path-difference double-frequency heterodyne grating ruler comprises a light source, a signal detecting and processing system, a polarization splitting prism, a first quarter-wave plate, a rectangular prism, a second quarter-wave plate, a third quarter-wave plate, a total reflection mirror, a long-strip prism, a reference grating and a 45-degree-placed polaroid. The two measuring light paths of the system always keep zero optical path difference, so that the measuring precision can be ensured, and the environmental stability of the system is also remarkably improved. And a high-precision and high-robustness measurement scheme is provided for precision equipment such as a photoetching machine and a precision motion platform.

The invention discloses a dynamic tunable zero-level electro-optical wave plate system, a device and a preparation method, and belongs to the technical field of optical devices. The invention provides a dynamic tunable zero-order electro-optical wave plate system, and the system comprises a zero-order electro-optical wave plate device which comprises a wave plate substrate made of an electro-optical crystal of a non-centrosymmetric structure, and an electrode disposed on the wave plate substrate; the output end of the adjustable voltage source is electrically connected with the electrode; wherein the adjustable voltage source is configured to be capable of outputting a half-wave working voltage corresponding to a target working wavelength, so that the zero-order electro-optical wave plate device works at the target working wavelength as a half-wave plate. According to the invention, self-adaptive matching of a single device to a plurality of working wavelengths is realized, the problem that the working wavelength of the device is single due to material dispersion is solved, and meanwhile, the processing difficulty of an ultrathin structure required by a specific wave band is avoided.

The invention discloses a rheology-birefringence combined in-situ testing device and method based on chopper rotation frequency signals, belongs to the technical field of optical testing, and aims to solve the technical problems that an existing Spark-FB device is low in measurement accuracy and limits application scenes. The laser emitter emits a light beam along a set angle (forming an angle of 45 degrees with the horizontal plane), the light beam is converted into linearly polarized light through the polarizer, and an optical signal is modulated through the rotating chopper; the modulated light beam penetrates through a polymer sample to which a shear flow field is applied by a commercial rheometer, and transmission light carrying optical anisotropy information of the sample sequentially passes through a 1 / 4 wave plate and a polarization analyzer, and is finally received by a photoelectric detector and transmitted to a lock-in amplifier for analysis. According to the invention, an independent datum reference signal is provided through the chopper, decoupling and combination of a commercial rheometer and a birefringence light path are realized, and synchronous and accurate in-situ measurement of rheological and optical properties of a high polymer material under a deformation condition can be realized.

A light irradiation apparatus focuses light on a surface or an inside of an object to observe or process the object, and includes a laser light source, a lens, a lens, a mask, a wave plate, and a lens. The mask is a multi-ring mask for spatially intensity-modulating input light in a beam cross-section and outputting modulated light, and includes a plurality of ring-shaped light-shielding areas provided around a center position, and a transmitting area provided between two adjacent light-shielding areas out of the plurality of light-shielding areas. A radial width of each of the two adjacent light-shielding areas out of the plurality of light-shielding areas is larger than a radial width of the transmitting area provided between the two light-shielding areas.

The invention relates to the technical field of lasers, and provides a double-gain-medium Q-switched laser and a constant-power pulse width adjusting method.The laser comprises a first pumping source, a second pumping source, an optical fiber beam combiner, a beam shaping system and a laser resonant cavity, the laser resonant cavity comprises a reflecting mirror, a first gain medium, a second gain medium, a polarization selector, a quarter-wave plate, a Q switch and an output mirror which are arranged in sequence; the first gain medium is used for absorbing first pumping light, the second gain medium is used for absorbing second pumping light, and the pumping power of the first pumping source and the pumping power of the second pumping source can be independently controlled. By changing the pumping power of the two pumping sources, real-time adjustment of the pulse width of the laser under the constant output power is achieved, the structure is compact, and control is easy and convenient.

The utility model discloses a visual system, which comprises a lens barrel, and a first lens, a reflective polarizing element, a quarter-wave plate, a second lens, a third lens and a partial reflection element which are assembled in the lens barrel and are sequentially arranged from a first side to a second side along an optical axis, the second lens has positive focal power and a plano-convex surface type, and the second side surface of the third lens is a convex surface; a first spacing element is arranged between the first lens and the second lens, and a second spacing element is arranged between the second lens and the third lens. The curvature radius R1 of the first side face of the first lens and the outer diameter D0s of the end face of the first side of the lens barrel meet the condition that R1 / D0s is larger than or equal to 1.37 and smaller than or equal to 1.80. The outer diameter D1s and the inner diameter d1s of the first side face of the first spacing element and the center thickness CT1 of the first lens meet the condition that (D1s-d1s) / CT1 is larger than or equal to 0.14 and smaller than or equal to 2.04. The axial distance EP01 from the first side end face of the lens barrel to the first side face of the first spacer element, the maximum thickness CP1 of the first spacer element and the axial distance EP12 of the first spacer element and the second spacer element satisfy 0.99 < = (EP01 + CP1) / EP12 < = 2.47.

The application discloses a disk medium high-energy ultra-short pulse laser regenerative amplifier based on CPA technology, comprising: a femtosecond laser seed light source for providing femtosecond seed light; a chirped Bragg fiber grating for expanding the femtosecond seed light into nanosecond laser pulses; an optical coupling input and output device for coupling input of the nanosecond laser pulses and coupling output of the nanosecond laser pulses after amplification processing; a regenerative amplification laser cavity for regenerative amplification processing of the coupled-in nanosecond laser pulses; the optical coupling input and output device comprises a fiber coupling collimation module, an optical isolator, a first 1 / 2 wave plate and a thin film polarizer; the regenerative amplification laser cavity comprises a Pockels cell, a second 1 / 2 wave plate, a first reflection module, a second reflection module, a first telescope module, a second telescope module, a first disk gain medium, a second disk gain medium and a third reflection module; the regenerative amplifier can realize high-repetition-frequency and high-pulse-energy laser pulse output.

A polarized light-based defect detection apparatus for a flexible OLED panel, comprising: a sample conveying apparatus, comprising a conveyor belt (7); an acquisition apparatus, comprising a detector (1) and a light source (4); a polarization apparatus comprising an analyzer (2), a quarter-wave plate II (3), a polarizer (5), and a quarter-wave plate I (6), and being used for acquiring polarization information of a flexible OLED panel sample to be tested (11); an angle changing apparatus, comprising an electric rotary table (9) and a dial (8); and a computer (10) used for acquiring light intensity values and power values of each point of said flexible OLED panel sample (11) by means of the acquisition apparatus at different moments, and changing angles at the different moments to obtain multiple groups of light intensity values and power values, so as to calculate different parameters and acquire different parameters of a detect type and the position of a layer having a defect. Also disclosed is a polarized light-based defect detection method for a flexible OLED panel.

The waveplates herein (A) can have high performance across a broad wavelength range and broad range of incident angles; (B) can be thin; and (C) can withstand a high temperature. The waveplates can include ribs 12 on a substrate 11 with a channel 13 between each pair of adjacent ribs 12. Each rib 12 can include the following layers in the following order moving outward from the substrate: a bottom-medium-layer BM (nBM), a high-layer H (nH), then a top-medium-layer TM (nTM). Each rib 12 can be located on a bottom-low-layer BL (nBL). A top-low-layer TL (nTL) can be located on a face TMF of the top-medium-layer TM farthest from the substrate 11. Relationships between indices of refraction of these layers can be nBL<nBM<nH and nTM<nTM<nH.

The present application relates to a kind of device for accurately adjusting the trajectory of atomic transverse motion, including bellows, first threaded rod, second threaded rod, third threaded rod, first piezoelectric ceramic, second piezoelectric ceramic, third piezoelectric ceramic, piezoelectric ceramic drive, atom source cavity, interference cavity, detection cavity, atom source, upper raman light, first 1 / 4 wave plate, first 0 ° mirror, lower raman light, front raman light, second 1 / 4 wave plate, second 0 ° mirror, rear raman light, upper detection light, third 0 ° mirror, lower detection light, fluorescence collection device, photodetector, ion pump, vacuum pipeline, adapter flange, signal acquisition device and computer.The present application can realize the precise adjustment of the trajectory of atomic motion without affecting the parameters of atom itself.

The invention relates to the technical field of ultrafast laser, in particular to an ultraviolet laser damage inhibition method and device for a fused quartz optical element, and the method comprises the steps: obtaining oxy-18 modified DKDP crystals with oxy-18 isotope abundance higher than natural abundance; preparing the oxy-18 modified DKDP crystal into a wave plate matched with a preset ultraviolet laser wavelength; in an ultraviolet laser light path of a laser inertial confinement fusion device, a wave plate is arranged between a linear polarization state output end of ultraviolet laser and a fused quartz optical element; and enabling ultraviolet laser to sequentially pass through the linear polarization state output end and the wave plate to form circularly polarized light, and irradiating the circularly polarized light to the fused quartz optical element. The invention aims to realize the small-scale self-focusing effect of actively inhibiting fused quartz and solve the technical problem that a traditional material cannot be used as a large-aperture wave plate due to over-high transverse stimulated Raman scattering.

The application discloses a vortex light interference device and method for measuring three-dimensional vibration and sound field rotation characteristics, wherein a helium-neon laser emits laser light, the laser light passes through a half-wave plate and a first polarization beam splitter prism, and is divided into object light and reference light; the object light passes through a first spiral phase plate and becomes vortex object light, the vortex object light passes through a second polarization beam splitter prism, a quarter-wave plate, and a beam expander lens, and is irradiated on a test sample surface, reflected light of the sample surface passes through the beam expander lens, the quarter-wave plate, the second polarization beam splitter prism, a beam splitter prism and a focusing lens, and is irradiated on a photodetector; the reference light passes through an acousto-optic modulator to generate frequency modulation, passes through a mirror and a second spiral phase plate to become frequency-modulated vortex light, and the vortex light passes through a beam splitter prism and a focusing lens and is irradiated on the photodetector; a computer calculates and demodulates frequency-modulated signals of the photodetector and modulation signals of the acousto-optic modulator, and finally obtains three-dimensional vibration information and sound field rotation characteristics of the sample.

This invention discloses a 9-cavity mode-locked fiber laser with adjustable parameters based on a liquid crystal phase delay device, belonging to the field of mode-locked laser technology. It includes, along the optical path, a mirror, a polarizing beam splitter prism, a liquid crystal phase delay adjustable waveplate, a Faraday rotator, a liquid crystal phase delay adjustable waveplate, and a polarizing beam splitter prism. A fiber optic loop is provided on one side of the polarizing beam splitter prism, comprising, in sequence, a fiber collimator, a gain fiber, a wavelength division multiplexing-splitter mixer, and a fiber collimator prism. The slow axis of the fiber collimator prism's pigtail is aligned horizontally with the polarizing beam splitter prism prism 2; the slow axis of the fiber collimator prism 2's pigtail is aligned vertically with the polarizing beam splitter prism prism 2. A pump semiconductor laser is connected to the pump input of the wavelength division multiplexing-splitter mixer, and an FCAPC jumper is connected to the signal output of the wavelength division multiplexing-splitter mixer. This enables continuous and rapid adjustment of the laser parameters.

The invention discloses a device and a method for synchronously detecting the focal length and the surface topography of a micro-lens array, which can realize synchronous detection on the focal length and the surface topography of the micro-lens array through a set of system, realize mutual matching between two parts of results and greatly shorten the detection time. The device comprises a first monochromatic laser light source (1), a first collimating lens (2), an attenuation sheet (3), a reflector (4), a microlens array sample (5), a microscope objective (6), a barrel lens (7), a first quarter-wave plate (8), an area array detector (9), a first monochromatic optical filter (10), a second monochromatic laser light source (11), a second collimating lens (12), a linear polarizer (13), a beam splitter prism (14), a polarization beam splitter prism (15), a second quarter-wave plate (16) and a reference lens (17). A third quarter-wave plate (18), a second monochromatic optical filter (19) and a polarization camera (20).

The invention discloses a visual system which comprises a lens cone, a lens group and a spacing element group, wherein the lens group and the spacing element group are assembled in the lens cone; the lens group comprises a first lens with positive focal power, a reflective polarization element, a first quarter-wave plate, a second lens with positive focal power, a third lens with negative focal power, a partial reflection element and a second quarter-wave plate which are sequentially arranged from the first side to the second side along the optical axis. The fourth lens has negative focal power; the spacing element group comprises a first spacing element, a second spacing element, a third spacing element and a fourth spacing element; wherein the number of the lenses with focal power in the lens group is four; the effective focal length f1 of the first lens and the effective focal length f of the visual system satisfy 1.5 lt; f1 / flt; 1.9); the combined focal length FG1 of the first lens, the reflective polarizing element and the first quarter-wave plate and the inner diameter d1s of the first side surface of the first spacing element meet the following conditions: 2.35 lt; fG1 / d1slt, FG1 / d1slt; and 2.75%.

The light field imaging device of the present invention may comprise: a linear polarizing plate; a first polarization switching element on which light passing through the linear polarizing plate is incident and which is electrically controlled to be turned on / off; a quarter-wave plate on which the light passing through the first polarization switching element is incident; and a first geometric phase lens on which the light passing through the quarter-wave plate is incident.

This invention discloses a coaxial telecentric polarization hyperspectral imaging device and a biological tissue detection system. The device includes: a light source emitting unpolarized light; a circular polarization generator converting the unpolarized light emitted by the light source into circularly polarized light; the circularly polarized light being coupled into a coaxial telecentric lens via a coaxial optical interface; the coaxial telecentric lens reflecting the circularly polarized light, which then illuminates the target object plane; the signal reflected from the target object re-enters the coaxial telecentric lens and is transmitted to a polarization analyzer module via a beam splitter. The polarization analyzer module includes a first waveplate and a first linear polarizer. The first waveplate receives the signal transmitted from the beam splitter and transmits the signal to the first linear polarizer. The first linear polarizer sends the output light to a hyperspectral camera, and the hyperspectral camera sends the output image to a computer for image analysis.

The disclosure provides a visual system, sequentially including a first lens assembly and a second lens assembly from a first side to a second side along an optical axis, the first lens assembly includes a first lens with a positive refractive power, a reflective polarizing element, and a quarter-wave plate; the second lens assembly includes a second lens with a positive refractive power, a partially-reflective element, and a third lens, and the second lens and the third lens are cemented to each other; and the second lens assembly is able to move along the optical axis to cause the visual system to switch between a first state and a second state. A combined focal length fz of the first lens assembly and a focal length fm of the system in the first state satisfy 5.69≤fz / fm≤8.09.

Embodiments of the present application provide an optical imaging system and a head-mounted display device. The system comprises a first lens group, a first polarization device, a second lens group, and a second polarization device arranged in sequence. The second lens group has at least one reflection surface protruding towards the first polarization device, and comprises a first lens and a second lens. The first lens has a positive refractive power in a vicinity of an optical axis, and the second lens has a negative refractive power in a vicinity of the optical axis. The refractive index of the first lens is smaller than that of the second lens, and the Abbe number of the first lens is greater than that of the second lens. The system further comprises a first quarter-wave plate between the reflection surface of the second lens group and the first polarization device, and a second quarter-wave plate between the reflection surface of the second lens group and the second polarization device. The optical imaging system has high resolving power, thereby improving the resolution of the head-mounted display device and solving the problem of blurred imaging in vision of the head-mounted display device.

The embodiment of the invention relates to an optical scanner. The optical scanner comprises a polarizing beam splitter, a wave plate and an optical phased array chip. Wherein the polarizing beam splitter is used for dividing incident light source light into first laser with a first polarization state and non-working light with a second polarization state, reflecting the first laser and transmitting the non-working light, and the first polarization state is different from the second polarization state. The wave plate is located on the reflection light-emitting side of the polarizing beam splitter and used for receiving the first laser and emitting second laser with a third polarization state different from the first polarization state and the second polarization state. And the optical phased array chip is used for receiving the second laser and emitting reference light, and the optical phased array chip is also used for changing the emitting angle of the reference light. The embodiment of the invention further relates to a laser detection system with the optical scanner and an automatic driving vehicle applying the laser detection system.

The invention discloses an OLED display screen assembly, a streaming media rearview mirror and a processing method.The OLED display screen assembly comprises a base material, an OLED display screen body and a reflective polarizer which are sequentially arranged from inside to outside in the stacking direction; the OLED display screen body comprises an anode layer arranged close to the base material, a cathode layer arranged close to the reflective polaroid and a light-emitting layer arranged between the anode layer and the cathode layer. A 1 / 2 wave plate is arranged on the side, close to the light-emitting layer, of the anode layer, and efficient polarization conversion and recycling of S light reflected by the reflective polaroid can be achieved. When the reflected S light penetrates through the 1 / 2 wave plate twice, the polarization state of the S light is rotated by 90 degrees through the 45-degree fast axis design to be converted into P light, the P light is transmitted in the forward direction after being reflected by the anode layer and finally penetrates through the reflective polaroid, the problem that the S light is repeatedly reflected and absorbed by the reflective polaroid in a traditional framework is solved, the transmittance of visible light on the reflective polaroid is effectively improved, and the service life of the S light is prolonged. And the display brightness of the streaming media rearview mirror is obviously enhanced.

A compensator that compensates for negative group delay dispersion of pulsed light irradiated onto a sample via an optical system, the negative group delay dispersion being caused to occur by the optical system. The compensator includes a plurality of plates that generate positive group delay dispersion, and a switching unit that can switch each plate between a first state where the plate is arranged in a position through which the pulsed light passes and a second state where the plate is arranged in a position through which the pulsed light does not pass, and can set a predetermined combination of the plurality of plates to the first state according to a wavelength of the pulsed light.

The present invention provides a distance calculation device that can calculate distance information relating to the distance a workpiece travels. [Solution] The system comprises a light source 10 that emits light, a first optical system 20 that converts the light from the light source into elliptical polarization and emits it toward a workpiece W1 that is transparent and moving in a specific direction, a second optical system 30 that converts the light from the workpiece into linear polarization and emits it, and an optical sensor 40 that acquires optical information of the workpiece based on the light from the second optical system. The first optical system includes a first polarizing filter 22 that converts to linear polarization and a first waveplate 23 that converts the linear polarization from the first polarizing filter into elliptical polarization. The second optical system 30 includes a second waveplate 31 that converts the light from the workpiece and a second polarizing filter 32 that is placed between the second waveplate and the optical sensor 40 and converts the light from the second waveplate into linear polarization.

This invention discloses a high signal-to-noise ratio modulation transfer frequency stabilization optical path device, including a light source and a frequency stabilization optical path. The light source adopts an internally adjustable fiber collimator, with a 45° reflector behind it. The frequency stabilization optical path behind the 45° reflector includes a half-wave plate and a polarizing beam splitter (PBS). An atomic gas cell and two pyramidal reflectors are sequentially arranged on the probe light path of the PBS. A half-wave plate, a 45° reflector, an electro-optic modulator, another 45° reflector, and a half-wave plate are sequentially arranged on the pump light path. The polarizing beam splitter (PBS) is located at the convergence point of the two optical paths, and a 45° reflector, a frequency stabilization optical path lens, and a photodetector are sequentially arranged behind it. This invention cleverly utilizes a folded optical path design and fine-tunes the beam divergence angle to increase the length and area of ​​the laser-atomic interaction without increasing the system volume. At the same time, it actively controls the splitting ratio of the two frequency-stabilized beams, improving the stability of the frequency stabilization.

The invention relates to the technical field of optical polarization state measurement, in particular to a laser polarization state real-time measurement analyzer which comprises collimators, a non-polarization beam splitter, a 1 / 4 wave plate, a compensation module and a polaroid. The first non-polarization beam splitter divides two light beams into a second non-polarization beam splitter, a 1 / 2 wave plate and a third non-polarization beam splitter respectively, and the second non-polarization beam splitter divides two light beams into a second collimator and a third collimator respectively through a first polaroid and a second polaroid; the third non-polarization beam splitter divides two paths of light beams into a fourth collimator and a 1 / 4 wave plate through a third polaroid, the fourth polaroid enters a fifth collimator, the second collimator, the third collimator, the fourth collimator and the fifth collimator are connected to an oscilloscope through four photoelectric detectors, and the upper computer collects data of the oscilloscope and calculates the real-time polarization state of the laser. The method is simple, high in precision and low in cost, and realizes real-time measurement of the laser polarization state.

The present application relates to the technical field of welding positioning and machine vision, and particularly relates to a part positioning device for a welding machine tool, which comprises a protection window, an objective lens, a quarter-wave plate, a polarization beam splitter prism and an imaging unit located at the transmission end of the polarization beam splitter prism, which are arranged in sequence along the same main optical axis; further comprising a laser emission unit connected to the side end of the polarization beam splitter prism; further comprising a calculation and output unit electrically connected to the imaging unit; wherein the laser emission unit emits linearly polarized near-infrared laser, which is reflected by the polarization beam splitter prism and then irradiated to the workpiece surface along the main optical axis through the quarter-wave plate and the objective lens in sequence; the return light from the workpiece passes through the objective lens and the quarter-wave plate in sequence along the main optical axis; in the present application, the emission and imaging share the same main optical axis, which is naturally aligned with the movement direction of the machine tool, the shielding and blind area are significantly reduced, and the cross light and ghost image are effectively suppressed, so that the precise positioning of the weld path is completed.

The invention relates to the technical field of optical display, and provides a light field display device which comprises an image source, a spectroscope, reflectors and a polarization state conversion assembly, the reflectors comprise a first reflector, and the polarization state conversion assembly comprises a wave plate assembly and a first polaroid; the proportion of the stray light intensity in the total light intensity is reduced to be lower than 5%, interference of stray light is effectively restrained, the structure is simple, and cost is low; meanwhile, when a black picture is displayed, pure black close to zero brightness can be presented, and the contrast ratio and the layering sense of the image are greatly improved. When the screen is turned off, the polarization state of light which enters from ambient light and is reflected back through each layer in the panel is adjusted to be perpendicular to the light-transmitting axis of the reflective polarization layer after the light passes through the first polarizer, so that the light is efficiently reflected back to the interior of the panel and is absorbed, and finally extremely low surface reflectivity is achieved. Therefore, the screen area presents deep black which is almost consistent with the black frame, and the visual effect of'integrated black 'is achieved.