221 results about "Effective surface area" patented technology

The present invention takes the form of a current limiting apparatus and method for limiting current flow, induced when the level of an external signal is greater than an external signal threshold signal level, in a conductive loop formed by a medical device implanted within a living organism having electrically excitable tissue. The system includes an implantable pulse generator (IPG) system having a housing, a signal generator disposed in the housing that generates an electrical signal, and at least one lead extending from the housing to convey electrical signal to the patient. To limit the induced current flow, the IPG includes current limiting componentry, an impedance increasing element, and/or alternating current blocking elements. These components provide an alternating current impedance path to the electrical ground from a lead coupled to the capacitive element. Also disclosed are techniques for reducing the effective surface area of the current inducing loop caused by the IPG system.

A method of treating glaucoma in an eye by managing fluid flow past an implanted shunt having an elastomeric plate and a non-valved elastomeric drainage tube. The plate is positioned over a sclera of the eye with an outflow end of the elastomeric drainage tube open to an outer face of the plate. An inflow end of the drainage tube tunnels through the sclera to the anterior chamber of the eye. The plate may have regions of greater propensity for cell adhesion alternating with regions of lesser cell adhesion. For example, regions of texturing around the plate or drainage tube may be provided to control the size of a bleb that forms over the implant. The effective surface area of the plate may be balanced against a number of fenestrations. The drainage tube has a reduced profile and may be shaped with a non-circular external cross-section to reduce its height. A scleral groove may be used to further reduce the height of the drainage tube on the sclera. A flow restrictor for the early post operative period will immediately lower the intraocular pressure (IOP) and simultanously prevent hypotony.

The present invention relates to preparation process of adhesive-free ZSM type molecular sieve, and aims at solving the problem of adding adhesive causing decrease in effective surface area and limited diffusion. Technologically, the present invention is that adhesive silica in 5-50 wt% and ZSM type molecular sieve powder are made to form mixture, and the mixture is hydrothermally converted inside water solution or steam containing organic amine halide and alkyl diamine into integrated ZSM type molecular sieve. The process of the present invention may be used in the industrial preparation of ZSM type molecular sieve catalyst.

This invention generally relates to an injector for painlessly piercing a region of a patient's skin. The injector comprises (a) piercing mechanism, comprises: (i) at least one reciprocating needle; said at least one needle is characterized by diameter K; said needle penetrates to depth D in said skin; said depth D is characterized by an initial temperature T; (ii) at least one container having a medicament to be delivered to said patient. The injector further comprises (b) cooling mechanism, comprises at least one attachable cooling means, especially a Peltier Cooled Cold Plate (PCCP), in connection with a radiator and sufficient DC power supply; said PCCP is characterized by an effective surface area S; said effective surface S is optimized such that said pain caused by said piercing is eliminated; said PCCP is characterized by temperature T_iPCCP; said PCCP adapted for cooling a portion of said skin prior to and/or during and/or after piercing thereof by said piercing mechanism such that the cooling is obtained at said depth D; said depth D is cooled from said initial temperature T to a final temperature T_D(ΔT) in a period of time t (dt) by said PCCP; said final temperature T_D Of said depth D is higher than about 0 and lower than about 13 degrees C.; said ΔT/dt is optimized such that said pain caused to said patient is eliminated. The injector further comprises (c) at least one aperture through which said needle is reversibly piercing said skin.

The invention discloses a medicinal preparation rizatriptan benzoate capsule for treating migraine and a preparation method thereof. Every 10000 capsules are prepared from the following formulation constituents: 29-250g of rizatriptan benzoate, 20-400g of microcrystalline cellulose, 220-1100g of starch, 100-400ml of 10-20% polyvinyl pyrrolidone ethanol solution and 4-30g of magnesium stearate. The invention also provides a preparation method of the rizatriptan benzoate capsule. The capsule of the invention covers the foreign taste of the main medicine; release and absorption of the medicine are accelerated; medical particles in the capsule are not punched or molten, thereby overcoming some defects of tablets; after the capsule is taken orally, the medicine is directly dispersed in the gastrointestinal fluid and is moistened by the gastrointestinal fluid, thus the effective surface area is large; and the medicine has higher dissolving rate in the gastrointestinal fluid, can be better absorbed and has high bioavailability.

Simple APCV, ADPCV and PICV's are provided. The APCV's are referenced to the atmosphere and control the gauge pressure, either upstream or downstream. The ADPCV's are the same as the APCV's, differing in that they are not referenced to the atmosphere. They are instead referenced to a second point in the fluid flow system and control the differential pressure. The PICV's are control valves connected in series with ADPCV's and control the fluid flow rate through the valve independently of variations in the line pressure. A preferred APCV has a valve body (1) with connections for a single-phase fluid line and a flow passage between the inlet (2) and the outlet (3) of said fluid line, with an opening having a defined seat orifice (7) intersecting the flow passage. A moveable assembly, comprising a disk (5) or cup is connected to a pressure sensing member (4), having essentially the same effective surface area. The moveable assembly, is biased by a force, and is free to automatically move to any intermediate position between fully open and closed, producing a desired outlet pressure which minus the reference pressure, times the effective surface area of the disk or cup generates an opposing force equal to the biasing force.

Embodiments of the present invention relate to algae cultivation systems and methods. In an embodiment, an algae cultivation system is included. The algae cultivation system can include a cultivation tank, a plurality of light transmitting elements configured to be at least partially submerged in a liquid medium disposed within the cultivation tank, wherein the light transmitting elements increase the effective surface area of the liquid medium exposed to light, and a plurality of gas injectors configured to emit gas into the liquid medium. In an embodiment a method of culturing algae is included. The method can include measuring the amount of carbon dioxide in a cultivation system and modulating the amount of light being supplied to the cultivation system based on the measured amount of carbon dioxide. In an embodiment, a method of culturing algae can include measuring the amount of light being input into a cultivation system and modulating the amount of carbon dioxide being supplied to the cultivation system based on the measured amount of light. Other embodiments are also described herein.

A system is described for storing, delivering and recovering energy, provided with a cylinder-piston assembly for absorbing a mass-induced load, which assembly is in fluid connection with a pressure source. The effective surface area of the piston of the cylinder-piston assembly is variable. The cylinder-piston assembly consists of, for instance, a number of cylinders connected in parallel, which can be selectively powered by the pressure source.

Simple APCV, ADPCV and PICV's are provided. The APCV's are referenced to the atmosphere and control the gauge pressure, either upstream or downstream. The ADPCV's are the same as the APCV's, differing in that they are not referenced to the atmosphere. They are instead referenced to a second point in the fluid flow system and control the differential pressure. The PICV's are control valves connected in series with ADPCV's and control the fluid flow rate through the valve independently of variations in the line pressure. A preferred APCV has a valve body (1) with connections for a single-phase fluid line and a flow passage between the inlet (2) and the outlet (3) of said fluid line, with an opening having a defined seat office (7) intersecting the flow passage. A moveable assembly, comprising a disk (5) or cup is connected to a pressure sensing member (4), having essentially the same effective surface area. The moveable assembly, is biased by a force, and is free to automatically move to any intermediate position between fully open and closed, producing a desired outlet pressure which minus the reference pressure, times the effective surface area of the disk or cup generates an opposing force equal to the biasing force.

A gas powered internal combustion engine in which the gas is provided from pressurized liquid gas in an LPG container and in which the LPG container is rigidly mounted adjacent to the internal combustion engine at a preselected angle to be in conductive heat transfer relationship to the internal combustion engine and in vibration receiving relationship to the internal combustion engine whereby the liquified gas in the LPG container is heated and the effective surface area thereof is increased.

A molded brush assembly has a core with an oval cross-section and a plurality of radially outwardly fingers extending from sides of the oval core along the major axis of the core, fingers aligned with or near to the minor axis. The alignment of the fingers with or near to the near to the minor axis allows an increase in the effective surface area of the brush without increasing its overall peripheral circumference. The oval core creates a brush assembly that is relatively stiffer along the major axis, leaving the brush flexible only along the minor axis. The use of fingers of varying length provides a generally circular profile which is convenient for use with conventional bottles. The fingers of different lengths permits the different length fingers to be adapted to different lashes.

A falling film plate type heat exchanger. The heat exchanger includes a pressure vessel surrounding an encapsulated stack of plates. Each plate has a primary fluid side and a secondary fluid side. The primary fluid will be a refrigerant—such as R-134a. The secondary fluid will typically be water. A film of refrigerant is applied to the primary fluid side of each plate, where it evaporates by absorbing heat from the secondary fluid on the other side of the plate. The invention uses embossed patterns on the plates to direct the flow of the primary and secondary fluids in a desired pattern. Further, the primary fluid side of each plate has a roughened surface treatment to increase the effective surface area and thereby increase the heat transfer rate.

A sock whose leg portion has wicking regions interspersed among fabric folds which are adapted to increase the effective surface area of the leg portion. The foot and leg portions of the sock may be constructed of the same material, such as synthetic, hydrophobic yarns, and formed in a unitary manner, either by weaving or knitting. The wicking regions may be formed using stitching along outer edges of a plurality of diamond shapes. Alternatively, the wicking regions may be formed by a set of first fabric bands, wherein the fabric folds comprise a set of second fabric bands, and the first and second bands alternate horizontally along a length of the tubular leg portion. The first fabric bands are preferably elastic or stretchable to maintain the first fabric bands in intimate contact with a wearer's skin.

Provided is a hydrophobic catalyst layer for a polymer electrolyte fuel cell to which hydrophobicity is imparted so that the dissipation property of produced water is improved and which simultaneously has an increased effective surface area and an increased utilization ratio of a catalyst, and a method of producing the same. The catalyst layer for a polymer electrolyte fuel cell includes a catalyst obtained by reducing a platinum oxide, a hydrophobic agent, and a proton conductive electrolyte, wherein the hydrophobic agent is mainly composed of alkylsiloxane. An Si compound containing a hydrophobic substituent is brought into contact with a platinum oxide to subject the Si compound to hydrolysis and a polymerization reaction by the catalytic action of the platinum oxide, and then it is reduced, thereby obtaining a hydrophobic catalyst layer carrying an alkylsiloxane polymer.

The present invention provide an all solid-state photoelectric conversion device which comprises a semiconductor, an electrically conductive substrate arranged on one surface of the semiconductor and forming an ohmic junction therewith, an electrically conductive film arranged on the other surface and forming a Schottky junction with the semiconductor, and a sensitizing dye layer arranged on the electrically conductive film, the roughness factor of the surface of the semiconductor forming a Schottky junction being 5 or greater. The photoelectric conversion device has a large effective surface area and a high durability and can be manufactured at a low cost.

An electrode assembly is provided. The electrode assembly comprises a carrier member and one or more electrode contacts disposed in the carrier member, wherein a surface of at least one of the electrode contacts is contoured such that the effective surface area per area unit of the center region is larger than the effective surface area per area unit of the of the region of the surface outside the center region.