145results about How to "Avoid insufficient temperature" patented technology

A system and process is disclosed for retorting oil shale and extracting shale oil and other hydrocarbons therefrom, in which a cased heat delivery well is drilled generally vertically through an overburden and then through a body of oil shale to be retorted to the bottom thereof, generally horizontally under the body of oil shale to be retorted, and then back to the earth surface. Heat energy is transmitted conductively to the body of oil shale to be retorted from a closed loop heat delivery module in the well, the module comprising a fluid transmission pipe containing a heating fluid heated to at least a retorting temperature. Heat energy is also transmitted to the body of oil shale to be retorted above the fluid transmission pipe by vapor conduits that conduct retort vapors upward through the body of oil shale to be retorted; the ascending retort vapors condense and reflux, delivering their latent heat of vaporization to the body of oil shale to be retorted, and the condensed retort liquids descend. If not recycled, the retort liquids are collected in a sump at the bottom of a production well and are transmitted to the surface for processing. The vapor conduits communicate at upper ends thereof with the production well, so that vapors that do not reflux are collected in the production well and are transmitted to the surface for processing.

Apparatus and methods for deactivating renal nerves extending along a renal artery of a mammalian subject to treat hypertension and related conditions. An ultrasonic transducer (30) is inserted into the renal artery (10) as, for example, by advancing the distal end of a catheter (18) bearing the transducer into the renal artery. The ultrasonic transducer emits unfocused ultrasound so as to heat tissues throughout a relatively large impact volume (11) as, for example, at least about 0.5 cm3 encompassing the renal artery to a temperature sufficient to inactivate nerve conduction but insufficient to cause rapid ablation or necrosis of the tissues. The treatment can be performed without locating or focusing on individual renal nerves.

Porous ceramic catalyst supports or filters to be provided with catalyst coatings via oxide washcoating processes are pre-coated with cross-linked polymer barrier layers to prevent washcoat nanoparticle intrusion into the microcracked and / or microporous surfaces of the ceramics, the barrier coatings being formed by thermally cross-linking hydrocarbon polymers that are vaporizable at moderate washcoat stabilization or catalyst activation temperatures and being preferentially.

The present invention provides a method of making a noble metal catalyst, where the noble metal is distributed on the surface of special composite carrier particles. Nanometer sized oxide particles are first dry coated by an impact mixing process on the surface of larger alumina particles. In general, this dry coating process coats the nanometer sized particles on the surface of the alumina particles. A suitable solution of noble metal(s) compound is then soaked on the surface of the composite carrier particles. Ultimately, the noble metal compound is decomposed by calcining and noble metal particles dispersed with large effective surface area on the composite carrier particles. The resultant catalyst structure improves catalyst performance while making efficient and effective use of the expensive noble metal.

An electrostatic fluid accelerator includes an electrode array including an array of corona discharge electrodes and an array of accelerating electrodes. A detector is configured to sense a constituent component of the fluid as present in an output from the electrode array. A control circuit supplies power to the electrode array, the control circuit being responsive to an output from the detector for operating the electrode array responsive a level of the constituent component.