The invention relates to the technical field of
geological exploration equipment, and discloses a kilometer-level multifunctional multi-process reverse circulation power head and a drilling method, the drilling depth of the kilometer-level multifunctional multi-process reverse circulation power head reaches the kilometer level, and the drilling torque and the lifting force are the maximum at home and abroad. Comprising a box body which is internally provided with a speed change structure, an input end and an output end. The speed changing structure is connected with the motor set, and gear shifting switching is executed through the
hydraulic motor. The upper end of the box body is connected with an output end structure, and the lower end is connected with a
hydraulic motor and an input end structure. The input end structure is provided with an air inlet pipeline, an air
ball valve, a back flushing connector, an air box and a
slurry inlet. The output end structure is provided with a
slurry cooling pipeline and a rock debris discharging pipeline. A
control system comprising a
data acquisition module, a logic matching module and an action execution module is used for acquiring geological parameters in a hole in real time and automatically regulating and controlling mechanical actions of a bottom layer, and a
hydraulic motor is used for driving a gear shifting shaft and a gear shifting connecting rod; and the first driving gear is shifted to slide to a preset final position along the input shaft to complete separation or physical engagement with the driven gear, so that the power requirements of different processes on the rotating speed and the torque are met, and switching of different functions is realized. The action execution module gives a back flushing instruction to switch the air
ball valve to guide air to enter the middle pipeline of the double-wall
drill rod and the bottom channel of the
drill bit to be discharged outwards to clean blockage of the middle channel of the
drill rod and blockage in a hole.
Slurry flows through a cooling pipeline in the box body to complete heat exchange of the power head box body and flows into a
drill hole, cooling of the power head is completed, and the
slurry circulation process requirement is met. By switching inlet ends and outlet ends of different pipelines, switching among three drilling processes of air reverse circulation,
gas lift reverse circulation drilling and wire line
coring drilling is achieved, and different geological requirements are met.