704 results about "Point source pollution" patented technology

The invention discloses a method for performing real-time regulation and control and digital management on a water environment, which belongs to the technical fields of water environment real-time simulation and management. The method comprises the following steps of: acquiring data; establishing a monitoring database; identifying specific pollution areas and pollution sources by establishing a water environment model; and providing a control measure for the concentration and the total emission of point-source and non-point-source pollutants in the specific areas, so that the whole drainage basin can be guided to execute the best management plan, a system for performing real-time regulation and control and digital management on the water environment is established by combining with an informationization mode to regulate and control the water quality of the river in real time, systematic technique support can be provided for drainage basin 'source control and emission reduction', water environment comprehensive treatment and quantitative management, and the application prospect is wide.

The invention relates to a method for utilizing a buffer strip to control agricultural non-point source pollution of a tidal river network area of a plain, belonging to the technical field of environmental protection. The method comprises the following steps of: selecting buffer strip areas, carrying out primary treatment to the buffer strip, setting a water distribution system of the buffer strip, selecting and planting plants in the buffer strip and introducing water source into the buffer strip. The method has the characteristics of simpleness, convenience, practicability, good purifying effect and free maintenance management.

The invention discloses a sponge city rainwater collecting, purifying and utilizing combination system which comprises a roof rainwater collecting area, a road rainwater collecting area, a greenbelt rainwater collecting area, a water collecting and sand settling tank, a purifying device and an impounding reservoir. An evaporation preventing layer, a soil layer, a water supply layer and a purifying layer are sequentially arranged on the roof rainwater collecting area from top to bottom. Transverse and longitudinal water collecting pipes are arranged in a bottom gravel layer of the road rainwater collecting area. An evaporation preventing layer, a soil layer, a rough sand layer and a purifying layer are sequentially arranged in the greenbelt rainwater collecting area from top to bottom. A filtering grid is arranged in the middle of the impounding reservoir, a water inlet hole and a water overflow hole are formed in the upper portion of the impounding reservoir, and a water drawing pump is arranged at the bottom of the impounding reservoir. The city environment can be greened and beautified, city rainfall flood pressure can be relieved, pollutants in rainwater can be absorbed, water resources can be saved, the rainwater utilization efficiency can be improved, and important reference significance is achieved on sponge city non-point source pollution control and city water shortage relieving.

The present invention relates to an engineering method for producing biochar soil from dredging sediment, and belongs to the field of solid waste resource utilization. The biochar soil is prepared by uniformly mixing the raw materials of dredging sediments, poultry manure and dry straw according to a certain weight proportion, adjusting the C/N ratio and moisture content of the mixture, adding a certain proportion of a nitrogen retention and water-retaining agent; carrying out windrow composting by a mechanical turning and static forced ventilation combined manner for about 30 days, maintaining the pile at 55-65 DEG C for 10-12 days until the full maturity of the compost products. The biochar soil is utilized according to actual need. The invention realizes large-scale engineering treatment of dredging sediment, poultry manure and crops straws, provides an ecological way to solve the non-point source pollution caused by dredging sediment and poultry manure, and air problem caused by crops straws burning; and the compost products can be used for ecological engineering construction, so as to organically combine environmental benefits, economic benefits and ecological benefits.

The invention discloses a method for radish soil testing and formulated fertilization. Currently, farmers mainly use fertilizer in farming and fertilization, however, soil is hardened, the yield and the quality of crops are reduced, and environment problems of lost and unbalanced soil nutrient, non-point source pollution and soil acidification are caused. A soil test and a fertilizer field test serve as a basis, and according to radish fertilizer requirement laws, nutrient preserving capability and fertilizer response, the application amount, the application period and the application method of fertilizer such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, microelements and secondary elements are provided on the basis of reasonable organic fertilizer application. The scientific fertilizer application is applied in accordance with radish growth rules, the fertilizer utilization rate is improved, the soil fertility is improved, the soil pollution caused by improper fertilizer application is reduced, the biological environment is improved, and the radish yield and economic benefits are improved effectively.

The invention relates to a multi-dimensional filler ecological type protected slope construction method suitable for repairing riverways in towns. The method comprises the following steps of: taking an ecological bag structure as a support; dividing a protected slope structure into four areas: an upright protector area, a low water level influence area, a normal water level influence area and a maximum flood level influence area; selecting matrixes adapted to structures and functions of the areas as fillers; recovering submerged plants, emergent aquatic plants and wetland plantsbog plants on a protected slope from bottom to top; and simultaneously, setting facilities such as a buffering platform and a domestic sewage distribution pipe, and constructing a zigzag river corridor. According to the multi-dimensional filler ecological type protected slope construction method suitable for repairing the riverways in the towns, the mechanical stability of the slope can be improved, the anti-erosion performance of the protected slope of a river is enhanced; the living condition of a river waterside variation area is effectively recovered, and the completeness of a river ecological system is ensured; and the matrixes of the protected slope, microorganisms and vegetation have important interception conversion effect on coastwise non-point source pollution, so that the river self-cleaning capacity is enhanced, the service function of a river ecological system is improved, materials are selected according to circumstances, the construction is simple and convenient, the manufacturing cost is low, and wide market value and environmental benefit are realized.

The invention discloses a metal element improved biochar-based nitrate radical adsorbent and a preparation method thereof. Straws are used as raw materials, and metal ions are impregnated, pyrolyzed and washed under certain conditions, so a metal ion improved cbiochar is prepared. According to the metal element improved biochar-based nitrate radical adsorbent and the preparation method thereof disclosed by the invention, by using adsorption research on nitrate radical waste water and comparing the adsorption effect of the biochar before and after improvement, the improved biochar prepared by the preparation method disclosed by the invention has good adsorption effect for potassium nitrate, wherein Mg<2+> improved wheat straw biochar has optimal adsorption effect for nitrate nitrogen; compared with the unmodified biochar, the Mg<2+> improved biochar prepared under the optimizing conditions has the advantages that the adsorption performance is improved by 10 times, and the adsorption equilibrium can be realized in a shorter time. The modified biochar adsorbent is a green adsorbent with application potential and can be used for effectively removing the nitrate nitrogen in a water body; besides, the effects of fixing carbon, reducing discharge and relieving the non-point source pollution are achieved.

The invention relates to a method for estimating the nonpoint source pollution load of a village adjacent to a river. The method comprises the following steps: 1) basic information collection, in which average rainfalls R1, R2 and R3 of years of accumulation for light rain, moderate rain and heavy rain to rainstorm in a certain place, village area A and other basic situations are acquired; 2) field detection, in which, every runoff coefficient, runoff duration and runoff yield area of rainfall duration, rainfall capacity and rainfall runoff of an effective rainfall number are detected, and chemical oxygen demand, total nitrogen and total phosphorus of a collected water sample are detected; and 3) nonpoint source pollution load model estimation, in which, the annual pollution loads of chemical oxygen demand, total nitrogen and total phosphorus of nonpoint source pollutants of the village by the river are calculated by adopting a formula. The calculation method provided by the inventionhas more guidance significance, and is convenient to develop related control and management measures.

The invention relates to a water quality early warning and forecasting system and a water quality early warning and forecasting method. The system comprises a monitoring unit, a pollution source tracing module, a hydrological water quality module and an early warning module, wherein the pollution source tracing module is used for generating pollution source data according to monitoring data; the hydrological water quality module is used for generating prediction data according to point pollution source data and/or surface pollution source data in the pollution source data; and the early warning module is used for generating early warning information data according to the prediction data. The method comprises the steps of generating the pollution source data according to the water quality monitoring data and basin riverway grid information data; generating the prediction data according to the pollution source data; and performing early warning and forecasting according to the simulatedprediction data, wherein the pollution source data comprises the point pollution source data and the surface pollution source data. According to the technical scheme, the influence of surface source pollution (such as a situation that an enterprise emits pollution furtively during rainfall) is considered while point source pollution early warning and forecasting are considered, so that the accuracy of simulated forecasting is improved.

The invention belongs to the technical field of waste comprehensive utilization of beef cattle farms, and discloses a waste comprehensive utilization process of the large-scale beef cattle farms. The process is characterized by comprising the following steps that (1), cattle feed crop raw materials from farmland are used for preparing organic feed for cattle, and the organic feed is used for cattle farming; (2), cattle dung, urine and flushing water are generated during cattle farming and are collected; 10-90% of cattle dung is used for planting agaricus bisporus, and mushroom dregs generated in the planting process of the agaricus bisporus are used for producing organic fertilizers; the rest of cattle dung, the urine and the flushing water are used for producing biogas and biogas slurry at a biogas station, biogas residues are used for producing organic fertilizers, the biogas slurry is used for farmland irrigation, and the organic fertilizers are used for farmland fertilization. The process not only solves the environmental pollution problem, but also improves the rural energy structure, the mushroom dregs generated in the planting process of the agaricus bisporus and the biogas residues generated by a biogas digester are used for manufacturing the organic fertilizers, the yield of crops is improved obviously, the use number of the fertilizers is reduced, and auxiliary non-point source pollution is relieved.

The invention relates to a farmland nitrogen and phosphorous non-point source pollution control and recycle system, and a method thereof. The system comprises a water collector, an adsorption unit and a water store which are sequentially arranged from the upstream to the downstream according to farmland surface runoff and underground runoff paths. The water collector, the adsorption unit and the water store are sequentially transversely arranged according to the farmland surface runoff and underground runoff paths, so when rain falls or irrigation is carried out, the farmland water is surplus, meets in the water collector through the farmland surface runoff and underground runoff, the water in the collector continuously downward flows and goes through the adsorption unit, nitrogen (N) and phosphorous (P) are adsorbed, the purified farmland drainage enters the water store, and the superfluous purified drainage is discharged to a river and a lake; and when farmland recharging is carried out, the water which reversely flows goes through the adsorption unit for the N and P desorption, and the desorbed N and P enter the water collector with the water flow, afresh enter the farmland and are adsorbed and utilized by crops. Compared with the prior art, the method has the advantages of pollution control, recycle, fertilizing cost saving and the like.

The invention discloses an ecological comprehensive treatment system of a northern mountain river channel. The system comprises three sub ecological systems of an ecological permeable dike built on the upstream of a main stream and a branch stream of a mountain river, a reservoir pond arranged at the middle and downstream area of the mountain river and a wet land communicated with the reservoir pond, and adopts an ecological treatment mode of closure-storage-preservation. The construction method comprises the steps of: a) building of the ecological permeable dike; b) setting of a triangular pyramidal wood pile stone cage; c) building of the reservoir pond; d) planting of plants of the reservoir pond; e) building of a wet land system; and f) recovery of a river bank band. The system and the construction method can effectively intercept the mountain debris flow and the river non-point source pollution, adjust the river runoff, improve the hydrologic conditions of the mountain river in non-flood season, decrease the dry season of the mountain river, and facilitate to recover the ecological system of the mountain river. Meanwhile, traditional depressions and empty ponds in the mountain river can be used in construction, so that the engineering building cost is reduced, and the self-cleaning capacity of river water is improved.

The invention provides a non-point source pollution calculation method based on a remotely sensed image element. The method comprises the following steps of: 1, constructing a land utilization database and a vegetation coverage database; 2, constructing a soil type database, a soil nitrogen and phosphorus attribute database and a gradient and slope length geographic space database; 3, constructing a farmland nitrogen and phosphorus balance amount space database; 4, calculating dissolved state non-point source loads and adsorption type non-point source loads of non-point source pollutants under different pollution types according to database information in the steps from 1 to 3 and the pollution types; and 5, calculating a total amount of non-point source pollutants in a river according to the dissolved state non-point source loads and the adsorption type non-point source loads. By the method, under the condition that a data condition is limited, a non-point source pollution space distribution feature and a source intensity feature can be quickly obtained based on remotely sensed data; effective pollution monitoring measures can be supplied to a pollution prevention, treatment and management department; and important technology support can be supplied to flow domain pollution management.

The invention belongs to the technical field of environmental protection and particularly relates to a method and a device for strengthening treatment of slope interception. The device consists of a sand layer, a matrix layer, a soil layer, a vegetation layer, a separating plate, an impermeable membrane and a rapid permeable matrix layer; the basic processes of non-point source pollution treatment are as follows: when the urban non-point source runoff is smaller, the polluted water flows through the sand layer and then infiltrates into the matrix layer, the whole matrix layer is divided into an upper region and a lower region through the separating plate, the sewage firstly enters the upper region and then enters the lower region through a slit at the lower part of the separating plate and finally enters a river channel through a water outlet; when the urban non-point source runoff is larger, the polluted water partially infiltrates and partially conducts surface flowing along the sand layer, a provided air conduit supplies air to the matrix layer so as to ensure the oxygen demand of the matrix layer and maintain underflow status, partially surface flowing runoff flows to the rapid permeable matrix layer, partially runoff shunt infiltrates into the matrix layer and enters the river channel through the water outlet. The invention achieves the short-range and high-efficient treatment effect under the premise of short land resources and has simple facilities, simple and convenient later maintenance and high treatment benefits.

The invention relates to an integrated movement simulating platform and a simulating and testing method for migration, transformation and a final destination of groundwater pollution. The simulating and testing method comprises the following steps: firstly arranging the movement simulating and testing platform; then filling an aeration zone for simulating a typical hydrogeological unit, aquifer mediums and pollutant repairing mediums for simulating a typical permeable reaction barrier; finally performing a simulation experiment of the migration, the transformation and in-situ repair of the groundwater pollution on the simulating and testing platform. According to the invention, in order to satisfy the need for different experiment procedures, the pollutant entering the simulating and testing platform can be simulated in various manners, the simulation of a persistent pollution source or a provisional pollution source and the simulation of point source pollution or non-point source pollution are realized, and the whole process that the simulated pollutant penetrates through the aeration zone from the earth surface, enters into an aquifer and realizes the migration and the transformation in the aquifer can be clearly observed; the simulation of the migration, the transformation and the in-situ repair of the pollutant in the typical hydrogeological unit can be realized.

The invention relates to a smart irrigation and drainage decision method and system for an irrigated area rice field based on remote sensing data inversion. The method comprises the steps of S1, obtaining remote sensing data; S2, carrying out inversion on the remote sensing data and carrying out inversion and extraction on element information based on obtained multi-source remote sensing data products; and S3, carrying out irrigation and drainage decision analysis. The system comprises a remote sensing data obtaining module, a remote sensing data inversion module and an irrigation and drainage decision analysis module for forming the irrigation and drainage decision of the irrigated area rice field. According to the method and the system, precise water level control can be carried out on the irrigated area rice field; the irrigation and drainage water quantity is precise; the non-point source pollution runoff is minimized; the water-saving precise water level control is carried out on the irrigated area rice field; the problem that irrigated area resources are wasted, irrigation and drainage are not in time and the non-point source pollution runoff of an irrigated area is serious can be solved; and moreover, the method and the system have relatively good expansibility and relatively high economic benefit and social benefit.

The invention relates to a double cropping rice nitrogen-saving high-yield production method. A double cropping rice planting region is selected; 15 to 30 days before late rice is harvested, astragalus sinicus planting is carried out; after the late rice is harvested, ditching is carried out according to an astragalus sinicus planting technology; 30 to 50kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer is applied per mu; 1 to 2kg of potassium chloride used as a base fertilizer is applied per mu; 10 to 15 days before early rice is transplanted, dry tillage and plowing pressing are carried out; land preparation is carried out according to the early rice planting requirements; azolla is bred; and after shoal water of field water, which has a height of 1.5 to 3.5cm, is kept for 8 to 10 days, the base fertilizer is applied to carry out early rice transplanting. During growth of the early rice and the late rice, duckweed utilization is naturally carried out; before the late rice is transplanted, a sustained-release nitrogen fertilizer is applied in one step as the base fertilizer; and on mid-to-late September in the next year, circulation operation of farming of planting astragalus sinicus green manure crops and the like is carried out. According to the invention, astragalus sinicus green manure is planted during the slack winter season of double cropping rice planting, the azolla is bred during growth of rice, the rice special sustained-release nitrogen fertilizer is applied to the late rice in a decreasing manner, the astragalus sinicus and the azolla are utilized to fix nitrogen and adsorb carbon, the land is maintained by the land, organic materials and an organic nitrogen source are provided for rice, nutritive substances in the double cropping rice field, which are easy to loss, are adsorbed, non-point source pollution is reduced and fertilizer supply and the fertilizer requirement of rice are coordinated and consistent.

The invention provides a water saving and control intelligent management method for regulating and controlling paddy field non-point source pollution. The method includes the following steps: a step 1, acquiring essential data of weather, water level, and soil moisture content of each paddy field area through an information acquisition device arranged in a paddy field monitoring area, and sending the acquired data to a wireless measurement and control module; a step 2, receiving the data through the wireless measurement and control module, and sending the data to a system analysis center; allowing the system analysis center to automatically operate a preset program to generate an open and closure control signal of an irrigation valve and a drainage gate according to the preset paddy field irrigation/drainage analysis program; and a step 3, allowing an intelligent controller to control open and closure of the irrigation valve and the drainage gate according to the signal received from the system analysis center, and sending the relevant essential data to a mobile phone monitoring terminal to perform manual control. The method can achieve regulation and control of output of paddy field non-point source pollution, can minimize non-point source nitrogen and phosphorus loss, and can achieve digital accurate control of water level depth of paddy field water-saving irrigation.

The invention provides a method for preventing and treating regional farmland non-point source pollution through a farmland ditch and pond system. According to the method for preventing and treating the regional farmland non-point source pollution through the farmland ditch and pond system, an ecological pond is added to a farmland irrigation and drainage ditch based on arrangement and improvement of the farmland irrigation and drainage ditch according to a farmland surface runoff confluence track, the water flow speed of the farmland ditch is rapidly slowed down, the buffering capacity of a farmland system against water is reinforced, the cycle efficiency of farmland interior water sources and nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients is improved, the farmland non-point source sewage discharge is reduced, farmland nitrogen and phosphorus pollutant discharge is effectively cut down, and the method plays a greater role in protecting regional water environment.

The invention discloses a labyrinth-type ecological purification pool suitable for a drainage ditch in a farmland. The labyrinth-type ecological purification pool is characterized by comprising a purification pool, a water separation wall, a purification box, an ecological floating bed, a flood drainage valve and a water outlet channel, wherein the purification pool is communicated with the drainage ditch and is divided into rotary labyrinth-type water flow channels by the water separation wall, so that the hydraulic retention time of agricultural sewage in the purification pool is effectively increased; the flood drainage valve is arranged at the middle of the water separation wall at the inlet of the purification pool, so that the inhibition of the purification pool to flood drainage in the farmland during a flood season can be eliminated; the purification box and the ecological floating bed are respectively arranged at the front segment and rear segment of the water flow channels of the purification pool, so that the two-stage purification treatment to the sewage is carried out. According to the labyrinth-type ecological purification pool, the content of eutrophic materials in farmland drainage can be effectively decreased; the non-point source pollution of the farmland is prevented from being diffused to the outside world. The labyrinth-type ecological purification pool has the advantages of being small in land occupation, high in purification efficiency, free of inhibition to farmland flood drainage, simple to manufacture, convenient to maintain and the like, thereby being suitable for large-area implementation.

The invention provides a water-saving barn blowdown system. A barn comprises three layers of blowdown devices, a grooved dung removing ditch, a seamed separation plate and a slatted floor. The grooved dung removing ditch is used for receiving urine of livestock, the seamed separation plate is used for separating dry dung of the livestock from the urine, and the slatted floor is used for leaking the dung to slatted floor of the seamed separation plate; the slatted floor is arranged on the upper portion of the grooved dung removing ditch, and the seamed separation plate is arranged in the middle of the grooved dung removing ditch in a lapping manner; an upper dung scraping mechanism used for scraping the dung leaked to the slatted floor to one side to leak downward to the seamed separation plate is arranged on the slatted floor, a lower dung scraping mechanism used for scraping the dry dung on the seamed partition to a dung outlet is arranged on the slatted floor, a flushing system used for flushing the urine of the livestock is arranged at the bottom of the grooved dung removing ditch, and the upper dung scraping mechanism, the lower dung scraping mechanism and the flushing system are connected with a timing control system. By the arrangement, dung and urine separation technology is realized, and the problems about point and non-point source pollution generated from dung flushing and soaking with water and waste of water resources in the prior art are solved.