The invention discloses a modeling method of the surface fold morphology of a square solar sail. The modeling method comprises the following steps: firstly, aiming at a square film solar sail structure, determining a stress field distribution cloud picture of the square film solar sail structure so as to obtain a fold area; and secondly, putting forward a new fold morphology description equation, and establishing a fold morphology model which is closer to practical situations by introducing an exponential decay function. The method utilizes an Airy stress field distribution theory, eliminates boundary influence through a stress superposition rule, and obtains the stress filed distribution cloud picture of the film solar sail structure so as to further determine the fold area. On the basis, a more accurate fold morphology description equation is put forward, the generalized equation of a film fold parameter is established on the basis of a vonKarman large deflection equation, a stress extremum method is adopted to obtain a relational model of the fold morphology and fold direction tensile stress, the modeling method is simple in solving, and meanwhile, the obtained fold morphology is closer to the practical situations.