125 results about "Exponential decay" patented technology

A device for the transdermal delivery of a therapeutic agent to a biological subject that includes a first electrode comprising a first array of electrically conductive microprojections for providing electrical communication through a skin portion of the subject to a second electrode comprising a second array of electrically conductive microprojections. Additionally, a reservoir for holding the therapeutic agent surrounding the first electrode and a pulse generator for providing an exponential decay pulse between the first and second electrodes may be provided. A method includes the steps of piercing a stratum corneum layer of skin with two arrays of conductive microprojections, encapsulating the therapeutic agent into biocompatible charged carriers, surrounding the conductive microprojections with the therapeutic agent, generating an exponential decay pulse between the two arrays of conductive microprojections to create a non-uniform electrical field and electrokinetically driving the therapeutic agent through the stratum corneum layer of skin.

A device for the transdermal delivery of a therapeutic agent to a biological subject that includes a first electrode comprising a first array of electrically conductive microprojections for providing electrical communication through a skin portion of the subject to a second electrode comprising a second array of electrically conductive microprojections. Additionally, a reservoir for holding the therapeutic agent surrounding the first electrode and a pulse generator for providing an exponential decay pulse between the first and second electrodes may be provided. A method includes the steps of piercing a stratum corneum layer of skin with two arrays of conductive microprojections, encapsulating the therapeutic agent into biocompatible charged carriers, surrounding the conductive microprojections with the therapeutic agent, generating an exponential decay pulse between the two arrays of conductive microprojections to create a non-uniform electrical field and electrokinetically driving the therapeutic agent through the stratum corneum layer of skin.

Some embodiments of the present invention provide a system that estimates a state of charge for a battery. During operation, while the battery is relaxing toward a fully rested state, the system determines if a modified state of charge of the battery is substantially consistent with a predetermined decay pattern. If so, the system estimates the state of charge of the battery as a value of the modified state of charge determined at the time when the consistency is observed. Otherwise, the system continues monitoring the modified state of charge of the battery. In one embodiment, the predetermined decay pattern is a single exponential decay. After estimating the state of charge of the battery, the system may determine an uncertainty of the estimated state of charge. More specifically, the system can estimate the uncertainty as substantially equal to a fraction of the difference between the value of the modified state of charge and the value of the voltage-based state of charge at the time when the consistency is observed.

An apparatus and non-invasive method of measuring oxygen by exciting a luminescent compound disposed in a container and then measuring the intensity of the light emitted by the excited luminescent compound as it relaxes to the ground state. A plot of emission intensity as a function of time results in an exponential decay curve the area of which is inversely proportional to the oxygen concentration. The oxygen concentration can be determined over a wide temperature range by measuring the temperature of the container and the emission intensity and then applying the following equation:[O2]=(ATa(T)2+BTa(T)+CTa)(tau)2+(ATb(T)2+BTb(T)+CTb)(tau)+(ATc(T)2+BTc(T)+CTc)T is the measured temperature;tau is the area of the exponential decay curve; andATa, BTa, CTa, ATb, BTb, CTb, ATc, BTc, and CTc are coefficients that are specific to the luminescent compound being examined.

An electrical micro-optic module (eMOM) includes a structure having zigzag contact surfaces and variable thread pitches. The structure elongates the path of contaminated particles and effectively reduces the amount of contamination to almost one order of magnitude due to the exponential decay of contamination versus path. Moreover, an electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection ring and conductive painting are used for static charge removal.

An apparatus and non-invasive method of measuring oxygen by exciting a luminescent compound disposed in a container and then measuring the intensity of the light emitted by the excited luminescent compound as it relaxes to the ground state. A plot of emission intensity as a function of time results in an exponential decay curve the area of which is inversely proportional to the oxygen concentration. The oxygen concentration can be determined over a wide temperature range by measuring the temperature of the container and the emission intensity and then applying the following equation: [O2]=(ATa(T)2+BTa(T)+CTa)(tau)2+(ATb(T)2+BTb(T)+CTb)(tau)+(ATc(T)2+BTc(T)+CTc) T is the measured temperature; tau is the area of the exponential decay curve; and ATa, BTa, CTa, ATb, BTb, CTb, ATc, BTc, and CTc are coefficients that are specific to the luminescent compound being examined.

A gas detection system and method for analysis of infrared gas spectra is used for chemical threat detection, quantification and alarm, using a chemical library, a chemical threat list, and a background model that incorporates the data history, allows spectra containing interferent signals into the background model, the model being updated using delay buffering to prevent threat spectra incorporation and using exponential decays to preferentially represent recent background history, all computed in the logarithmic space for rapid detection and alarm.

A novel and useful baseline wander correction mechanism for use with transformer coupled baseband communication receivers. Parametric estimation of the transformer model is used estimate and cancel the baseline wander effect. A parametric model is used to model the baseline wander impairment created by the transmitter and receiver transformers as a high pass filter having an exponential decay parameter alpha. A correction signal for both the far end and echo signal paths are calculated and summed to generate a total correction signal. The total correction signal is partitioned into an analog correction signal that is applied to the analog portion of the communications receiver and into a digital correction signal that is similarly applied to the analog portion of the communications receiver.

The invention relates to a method for determining the detection efficiency of an internal exposure HPGe detector based on CT data. Based on different energy gamma ray full-energy peak detection efficiency measuring data, Monte Carlo particle transport numerical values are adopted for computing, so that geometrical parameters of a detector sensitive area are adjusted, and the geometrical parameters of the detector sensitive area are obtained; the Monte Carlo particle transport numerical values are adopted for computing, so that the corresponding differential detection efficiency distribution of different energy gamma rays on the surfaces of the detector in different discrete areas and different discrete angle phase spaces is solved; based on CT medical image data of a human body to be detected, a voxel model of human anatomy structural features and a voxel model of an interesting organ or area are established, and the interesting organ or area serves as a source area; an exponential decay formula is used for solving the direct-through gamma ray share from a source area voxel to a surface element on the surface of the detector, and established differential detection efficiency distribution data are used for obtaining the detector full-energy peak detection efficiency specific to the source area through the multiple integral.

An acoustic transducer is in contact with a near wall that has a much different acoustic impedance than a fluid. The transducer transmits an acoustic pulse into into the wall (such as a plate, a wall of a tube or a wall of a sample chamber) that is in contact with this fluid. As the acoustic pulse bounces back and forth within this “near wall”, each echo of this original pulse loses the same fraction of energy on each round trip so the echo energy decays exponentially. Knowing the acoustic impedance of the wall material and the reflection intensity at the transducer / wall interface (which is obtained when using air as the fluid), it is possible to calculate the acoustic impedance of an unknown fluid from the slope of a plot of the logarithm of echo energy versus echo number.

The invention discloses a single-phase grounding fault wire selection method based on improved HHT. According to the method, a zero sequence current sensor is mounted at each output line in a system close to a bus end, a zero sequence current of each line is acquired in real time, when the zero sequence current signal surpasses a threshold, sampling data is stored; traveling wave signals of the stored data are filtered, a maximum value point and a minimum value point are rapidly acquired according to rules that inherent system oscillation frequency and high frequency signal amplitude satisfy index attenuation, initial values of three-times batten interpolation function coefficients are selected, an improved EMD decomposition method is employed, IMF1 of zero sequence currents of lines are respectively calculated, namely a 1-order modal function. IMF1 of the lines of one same output wire are compared, the line of which an IMF amplitude absolute value is the largest one, and polarity is opposite to other lines is a fault line. The method is advantaged in that through improving the EMD algorithm of HHT transformation, computational complexity is reduced, and a fault inspection and sorting speed is further improved.

An anemometer and method for analyzing fluid flow is described. In one embodiment, a transistor sensor is heated by applying power to cause its base-emitter junction to rise from an ambient first temperature to a second temperature. The power is removed, and the Vbe is measured at intervals as the junction cools. The Vbe equates to a temperature of the junction. The temperature exponentially decreases, and the time constant of the decay corresponds to the fluid flow velocity. A best fit curve analysis is performed on the temperature decay curve, and the time constant of the exponential decay is derived by a data processor. A transfer function correlates the time constant to the fluid flow velocity. The transistor is thermally coupled to a metal rod heat sink extending from the package, and the characteristics of the rod are controlled to adjust the performance of the anemometer.

This invention relates to a method for determine the zone permeability and pore structures by use of rock induced polarization and it solves the problem of single parameter and complicated influence factors in current induced polarization method. Its characteristics are the following: first to supply electricity to control units through constant-current source to generate polarization field in rock core then to cut off electricity. The polarization field fading with time and through measuring fading electric potential to obtain the induced polarization fading spectrum, and to obtain relaxing time spectrum by multiple exponential decline match of fading spectrum. And it can quantitatively descript zone capillary pressure and pore space structure. And it can calculate permeability by combining pore space materials with relaxing time geometrical mean and is characterized by high permeability accuracy and on-spot accessing.

The polishing pad is suitable for planarizing at least one of semiconductor, optical and magnetic substrates. The polishing pad has an ultimate tensile strength of at least 3,000 psi (20.7 MPa) and polymeric matrix containing closed cell pores. The closed cell pores have an average diameter of 1 to 50 μm and represent 1 to 40 volume percent of the polishing pad. The pad texture has an exponential decay constant, τ, of 1 to 10 μm as a result of the natural porosity of the polymeric matrix and a surface texture developed by implementing periodic or continuous conditioning with an abrasive. The surface texture has a characteristic half height half width, W1 / 2 that is less than or equal to the value of τ.

The invention relates to a method for predicting a milling residual stress field of titanium alloy. The method can predict the milling residual stress field of the titanium alloy based on exponential decay functions and includes the main steps: 1, determining an exponential decay function model of a milling residual stress field; 2, determining a relation model between a residual stress field control factor and a milling process parameter; 3 selecting the milling process parameter and performing encoding; 4, designing a test scheme, and performing a milling test; 5, testing the residue stress field; 6 solving the residual stress field control factor. The method uses the milling process parameter as an input condition, and can acquire distribution of the residue stress along a surface in the milling process parameter by solving a model coefficient, is simple and reliable, is fast in prediction speed, is high in accuracy, can avoid lots of complex tests, can avoid difficulties of the finite element method and the physical analytical method, and can be used by mass engineering and technical staff.

A novel and useful baseline wander correction mechanism for use with transformer coupled baseband communication receivers. Parametric estimation of the transformer model is used estimate and cancel the baseline wander effect. A parametric model is used to model the baseline wander impairment created by the transmitter and receiver transformers as a high pass filter having an exponential decay parameter alpha. A correction signal for both the far end and echo signal paths are calculated and summed to generate a total correction signal. The total correction signal is partitioned into an analog correction signal that is applied to the analog portion of the communications receiver and into a digital correction signal that is similarly applied to the analog portion of the communications receiver.

Embodiments of the invention relate for rendering translucent objects. According to some embodiments, the color of a pixel of a translucent object that is not directly illuminated by a light source can be determined by decaying the illumination contributed by the light source according to a predefined decay function. The decay function may be, for example, an exponential decay function. The decay function may be evaluated based on an initial illumination contributed by the light source, and a transmittance distance. In some embodiments, the initial color of the pixel is decayed instead of the illumination. Also disclosed is modifying the renderings of different regions of an object which have been rendered using different methods in order to remove sharp contrasts between these regions.

A local area of a sample is focally heated to produce a transient physical deformation. The surface of the structure is optically monitored while the heated area cools to a baseline temperature by illuminating the heated region with one or more probe beams from time to time and detecting returning light. In some embodiments heat dissipation within the structure is correlated with change in optical reflectivity over time. In other embodiments, surface deformation of the structure is correlated with changes in light scattering from the surface. Following application of a pump pulse and no more than 3 probe pulses, a time varying returning light signal is compared with a corresponding returning light signal from a reference. An anomaly in the sample is indicated by a deviation between the two signals. First-degree exponential decay curves may be constructed from the signals, and their decay constants compared.

Disclosed herein is a Fourier transform-based phasor estimation method and apparatus capable of eliminating the S influence of exponentially decaying DC offsets. According to a Fourier transform-based phasor estimation method according to an embodiment of the present invention, an input signal is sampled, and samples of one-cycle data of the input signal are separated into at least two sample groups. A Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) is performed on each of the sample groups. A DC offset included in the input signal is calculated on a basis of results of the DFT on each of the sample groups, and an error caused by the DC offset is calculated using the calculated DC offset. A phasor of a fundamental frequency component included in the input signal is estimated by eliminating the calculated error, caused by the DC offset, from the results of the DFT on the input signal.

The invention discloses a power system fault signal detection and waveform identification method based on the optimization algorithm. The power system fault signal detection and waveform identification method includes the following steps: firstly, collecting power system signal data through a current transformer, connecting the current transformer with a data collecting card, converting the power system signal data through the data collecting card into digital signals, sending the digital signals to an upper computer, then, estimating fundamental components (including the amplitudes, the frequency and the phases), harmonic components (including the amplitudes, the frequency and the phases of harmonic waves), and exponential decay direct current deviations (including amplitudes and time constants), and a fault initial point with the optimization algorithm on the upper computer, and finally reconstructing power system signals according to the estimated parameters, wherein the optimization objective is that the least square variance error between the reconstructed signals and actually-measured signals is minimum. According to the power system fault signal detection and waveform identification method, the signal parameters under the fault-free condition and the fault condition can be accurately estimated; detection of the fault initial point and recognition on fault signal waveforms are carried out at the same time, and the two tasks can be completed in a sampling window with the long half-circle through the optimization algorithm.

A method is provided for enhancing two-dimensional contrast and range images rendered from three-dimensional STIL data. A series of sequential steps are provided for each of the rendered contrast image data and rendered range image data. Briefly, the rendered contrast image data is scaled based on a mean intensity value of all pixels of data therein, stretched to a predetermined dynamic range, modified to compensate for jitter and CCD array effects associated with the STIL camera system, normalized using an exponential decay function that describes contrast intensity roll-off associated therewith, and has a histogram clip routine applied thereto. The rendered range image data is modified to compensate for jitter effects associated with the STIL camera system, has background portions of the resulting data modified to compensate for CCD array effects and range intensity roll-off associated with the STIL camera system, has a “salt and pepper” noise reduction routine applied thereto, and has a histogram clip routine applied thereto.

The invention discloses a modeling method of the surface fold morphology of a square solar sail. The modeling method comprises the following steps: firstly, aiming at a square film solar sail structure, determining a stress field distribution cloud picture of the square film solar sail structure so as to obtain a fold area; and secondly, putting forward a new fold morphology description equation, and establishing a fold morphology model which is closer to practical situations by introducing an exponential decay function. The method utilizes an Airy stress field distribution theory, eliminates boundary influence through a stress superposition rule, and obtains the stress filed distribution cloud picture of the film solar sail structure so as to further determine the fold area. On the basis, a more accurate fold morphology description equation is put forward, the generalized equation of a film fold parameter is established on the basis of a vonKarman large deflection equation, a stress extremum method is adopted to obtain a relational model of the fold morphology and fold direction tensile stress, the modeling method is simple in solving, and meanwhile, the obtained fold morphology is closer to the practical situations.

The invention discloses a remote sensing sub-pixel map-making method based on integrated pixel level and sub-pixel level spatial correlation characteristics. The method includes the steps that firstly, a frequently-used pixel level spatial correlation characteristic description method (a spatial attraction model) is utilized for extracting pixel level spatial correlation characteristics from soft classification information (category proportions) of a neighborhood pixel easily and rapidly without iteration; secondly, a widely-used sub-pixel level spatial correlation characteristic description method (an exponential decay model) is utilized for extracting sub-pixel level spatial correlation characteristics from a sub-pixel map-making iteration result; then, the spatial correlation characteristics of the pixel level and the sub-pixel level are normalized and fused to obtain the integrated spatial correlation characteristic value used for determining the sub-pixel categorical attribute; finally, the optimal spatial layout of the sub-pixel with the largest sum of all the category spatial correlation characteristic values in mixed pixels is obtained according to the integrated spatial correlation characteristic value through a classical binary branching-bounding integer programming algorithm. The remote sensing sub-pixel map-making method is high in calculation speed and simulation precision.

The invention provides a double-ellipse exponential decay body heat source model for simulating high-energy beam welding. Heat source model parameters can be adjusted according to the shape of an actual welded joint of high-energy beam welding, a high-energy beam welded joint shape consistent with the shape of the actual welded joint is efficiently and accurately acquired, a high-energy beam welding temperature field and a high-energy beam welding stress field can be accurately acquired, and a powerful measurement reference frame is provided for accurately predicting the stress and the deformation of a high-energy beam welding structure. The model can be used for popularization of high-energy beam welding simulation and hybrid welding simulation through adjustability of the inflection point positions in the model.

A method and apparatus for polarity detection. The method includes applying a band-pass filter to an impulse response of a loudspeaker, applying an exponential weighting to the band-pass filtered impulse response, wherein the exponential decay parameter is related to the higher corner frequency of the band-pass filter, finding the maximum peak in a waveform of sampled impulse responses, and detecting the connection polarity of the maximum peak as the polarity of the peak.

The invention discloses an ultraviolet-visible spectrum polymetallic ion detection method based on wavelength screening, which can quickly and efficiently eliminate redundant and interference wavelength information, reduce wavelength screening time, and improve the accuracy and robustness of the model. The method comprises: S1, using ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry to obtain the mixed absorbance of a solution containing multiple metal ions in the full band of 400-700nm; S2, sampling the obtained absorbance by using a multiple cycle Monte Carlo method, and using exponential decay The function preliminarily selects the wavelength, and uses the non-informative variable elimination method to select the effective wavelength point in the mixed absorbance; S3, establishes the regression model between the concentration and the mixed absorbance based on the PLS method, and separates and calculates the concentration of each ion.

The invention provides a complex wavelet transform partial discharge location test method and device. The method includes the steps of: simulating a partial discharge signal of a transformer substation by exponential damped oscillation pulse, and adding various noise signals of the noise jamming simulation transformer substation based on the partial discharge signal; filtering the signal added with the noise by complex wavelet transform, and thereby obtaining the denoised signal; working out the arrival time delay between two signals by a high-order cumulant detection method; at last estimating the partial discharge location by detecting the arrival time delay between the signals of the sensor. According to the complex wavelet transform partial discharge location test method and device. The interference of the Gaussian noise on the original partial discharge signal; the complex wavelet transform has good applicability for denoising the partial signal, can restore the amplitude, the phase and other characteristics of the partial signal, provides the partial signal with high quality for time delay estimation, and can improve the accuracy of the time delay estimation based on high-order cumulants.

A gas detection system and method for analysis of infrared gas spectra is used for chemical threat detection, quantification and alarm, using a chemical library, a chemical threat list, and a background model that incorporates the data history, allows spectra containing interferent signals into the background model, the model being updated using delay buffering to prevent threat spectra incorporation and using exponential decays to preferentially represent recent background history, all computed in the logarithmic space for rapid detection and alarm.

This invention relates to an induced polarization spectrum analysis method for acquiring penetration rate of rock. The characteristics are the following: to gather induced polarization weakening spectrum down-well and get induced polarization relax time spectrum through multiple index weakening match; then to calculate the geometric average and arithmetic average of relax time and ground penetration rate curve with materials of porosity logging and experiment constants. It is with low well logging cost, large signal range, high signal-to-noise ratio and long weakening time and high accuracy of polarization ratio measuring.