The invention discloses a cool-heat-electricity cogeneration type microgrid optimal configuration method. The method includes the steps of system level optimization and equipment level optimization. Safe and stable operation of electricity, heat and cool generation systems of a system is used as the constraint condition of system level optimization, load data, electrovalence policies and fuel cost in a microgrid region to be planned are used as input, energy supply equipment categories are selected on the basis of load data analysis, the lowest full life circle cost of a microgrid is used as an objective function, the objective function is solved by the adoption of a mixed integer programming approach, and then equipment capacity in the microgrid is acquired. Equipment level optimization is based on a cool-heat-electricity cogeneration equipment scheme library, the capacity value ranges of equipment are set on the basis of the result of system level optimization, solution is calculated in a weighted mode, and then the optimal configuration scheme of the system is obtained. According to the method, capacity of the generation systems can be balanced, utilization efficiency of primary energy and the utilization rate of the equipment are improved, unnecessary investment is avoided, meanwhile, overall economy of the system is improved, and annual operation cost is reduced.