4021 results about "Terminal point" patented technology

Methods for forming blind wafer interconnects (BWIs) from the back side of a previously thinned substrate structure such as a semiconductor wafer to the underside of a bond pad on its active surface includes the formation of a blind hole from the back side, application of a passivating layer therein, anisotropically etching to remove passivation material from the blind hole bottom, blanket-depositing at least one conductive layer within the blind hole and over the back side, blanket-depositing a resist in the blind hole and over the back side, planarizing the back side to remove resist and the at least one conductive layer, removing resist from the blind hole, and filling the blind hole with solder or other conductive material or a dielectric material. Variations in the methods include formation of a conductive pad adjacent the back side surface, disposition of a solder ball or other conductive structure on the BWI, or forming an end thereof in the form of an extended slug protruding from the back side (for ball-less attachment) as the outer terminus of the BWI.

A method for efficiently utilizing radio resources by reducing a size of a PDU of an RLC layer in a mobile communication system supporting a VoIP service. In the method, an RLC PDU is framed without inserting information regarding a start point and an end point of a voice packet, or existence or absence of padding, such that a size of overhead according to transmission of the voice packet can be reduced. Consequently, restricted radio resources can be efficiently used.

The invention relates to remote control of an unmanned aerial vehicle, UAV, (100) from a control station (110) by means of a wireless command link (115). The UAV (100) may be controlled in an autonomous mode wherein it flies according to a primary route (R1, R1') defined by a first set of predefined waypoints (WP1-WP8, IP). The UAV (100) may also be controlled in a manual mode wherein it flies according to an alternative primary route (R1') defined in real-time by control commands received via the wireless command link (115). Flight control parameters are monitored in both modes, and in case a major alarm condition occurs, the UAV (100) is controlled to follow an emergency route (R2') defined by a second set of predefined waypoints (HP1-HP7, TP1-TP9, IP). Particularly, a major alarm condition is activated if an engine failure is detected. Then, the emergency route (R2') involves flying the UAV (100) to an air space above a termination waypoint (TP9) on the ground at which it is estimated that the vehicle's (100) flight may be ended without injuring any personnel or causing uncontrolled material damages.

An improved multi-layered diagnostic sanitary test strip for receiving a heterogenous fluid, such as whole blood, to test for presence and/or amount of a suspected analyte in the fluid by facilitating a color change in the strip corresponding to the amount of the analyte in the fluid, wherein the test strip includes fluid volume control dams to prevent spillage of the fluid from the strip and a chemical reagent solution that facilitates end-point testing. The improved test strip comprises no more than two operative layers and: (a) a reaction membrane containing a reagent capable of reacting with the analyte of interest to produce a measurable change in said membrane; (b) an upper support layer defining a sample receiving port for receiving the fluid sample thereat; (c) one or more structures for directing the sample containing the analyte of interest through at least a portion of said reaction membrane; and (d) a lower support layer having a reaction viewing port in vertical alignment with said membrane for displaying said measurable change, said lower support being associated with said upper support to secure said reaction membrane in said test strip.

Systems and techniques are provided for controlling requests for resources from remote computers. A remote computer's ability to access a resource is determined based upon the computer's operating environment. The computer or computers responsible for controlling access to a resource will interrogate the remote computer to ascertain its operating environment. The computer or computers responsible for controlling access to a resource may, for example, download one or more interrogator agents onto the remote computer to determine its operating environment. Based upon the interrogation results, the computer or computers responsible for controlling access to a resource will control the remote computer's access to the requested resource.

Broadly speaking, an invention is provided for monitoring a plasma optical emission. More specifically, the present invention provides a method for monitoring the plasma optical emission through a variable aperture to detect an endpoint of a plasma etching process without interferences that could lead to false endpoint calls. The method includes collecting optical emission data from a plasma through an aperture defined by moveable members. The moveable members are capable of varying a configuration of the aperture. The method also includes holding the moveable members at a particular time to cause the aperture to maintain a fixed configuration. The method further includes detecting a specific perturbation in the plasma optical emission while holding the moveable members.

An apparatus for detecting the end-point of an electropolishing process of a metal layer formed on a wafer includes an end-point detector. The end-point detector is disposed adjacent the nozzle used to electropolish the wafer. In one embodiment, the end-point detector is configured to measure the optical reflectivity of the portion of the wafer being electropolished.

A disposable surgical device is constructed to include a shell, a smart block mounted in one end of the shell, the smart block electronic having components mounted to a circuit embedded therein, front contact pins for insertion into respective contact holes in the connector of an industry standard connector interface, and rear wire terminal points, a medical treatment terminal installed in the other side of the shell and adapted for performing surgery and treatments, and a flex circuit termination electrically connected between the smart block and the medical treatment terminal, the flex circuit termination having embedded conductor lines respectively connected to the medical treatment terminal and wire terminal points at the ends of the conductor lines respectively soldered to the wire terminal points of the smart block.

The invention discloses a mobile robot path planning and obstacle avoidance method and system. The mobile robot path planning method comprises the following steps: establishing a two-dimensional grid map by utilizing known obstacle environment information; in the two-dimensional grid map, establishing a global coordinate system at the place of a mobile robot, and setting a starting point and a terminal point of the mobile robot; determining the shortest path between the starting point and the terminal point through a jump point search algorithm, wherein the shortest path comprises a plurality of local target points connected in sequence; and in the process of controlling the mobile robot to move to each of the local target points, utilizing a local obstacle avoidance algorithm to avoid a dynamic obstacle. The mobile robot path planning and obstacle avoidance method adopts the jump point search algorithm to obtain the shortest path quickly, so that path search efficiency can be improved, and storage space is saved; and through the local obstacle avoidance algorithm, accuracy and real-time performance of mobile robot path planning and obstacle avoidance can be ensured, and autonomous navigation of the mobile robot is realized.

A method of endpoint detection during plasma processing of a semiconductor wafer comprises processing a semiconductor wafer using a plasma, detecting radiation emission from the plasma during the semiconductor processing, and tracking data points representing changes in spectra of the radiation as a function of time during the semiconductor processing. At any point prior to or during processing a plurality of profiles are provided, each profile representing a different processing condition affecting detection of the desired plasma processing endpoint of the semiconductor wafer. After selecting a desired profile, a first set of parameters are input, representing simplified values for determining when changes in spectra of the radiation indicate that plasma processing of the semiconductor wafer reaches a desired endpoint. The selected profile converts the input first set of parameters into a larger, second set of parameters, and then applies the second set of parameters to an algorithm that converts data points from the spectra of the radiation as a function of time into an endpoint curve. The method then uses the algorithm to track changes in spectra of the radiation as a function of time and determine when plasma processing of the semiconductor wafer reaches a desired endpoint.

The invention provides a route searching method and a route searching system. The route searching method comprises the following steps: based on a starting point and a terminal point, finding out if there is a matched commonly used route in a commonly used route library, wherein if the matched commonly used route is found out, directly returning to the matched commonly used route to use the matched commonly used route as the final recommended route, if not, calculating an initial route of the starting point and the terminal point by using a route searching algorithm; by aiming at the endpoints of the calculated initial route and all links, finding out a matched common used route in the commonly used route library, and replacing corresponding parts of the initial route to obtain candidate routes; and evaluating all obtained candidate routes, and selecting a candidate route which has a longest length that replacing the initial route to use the candidate route as the final recommended route.

An apparatus and a method for scheduling packets in a wireless communication system. The method includes the steps of dividing a transmission deadline of the packets for a destination into a first deadline, which is an end point of the transmission deadline, and a second deadline, which is allocated before the first deadline in consideration of a transmission channel state and a quality of service (QoS) of the packets, scheduling and transmitting the packets according to transmission priorities thereof, which are determined by a predetermined scheme, before the second deadline, and scheduling and transmitting the packets according to an approaching order of the packets with respect to the first deadline, if the packets have passed through the second deadline.

To identify a fault location easily if there is any fault detected in a network. If an optical path is switched from a working system to an auxiliary system due to a fault, an optical test signal originated from a network node apparatus located at an end point of the optical path is looped back by another network node apparatus on the optical path for the working system. This looped back optical signal is received by the network node apparatus of an originator, in which the signal quality of the optical test signal is measured by a determination device, thereby detecting the presence or absence of the fault on the path through which the optical test signal has been passed. A test receiver within the determination device measures a BER, an S/N ratio, an optical power, or an optical wavelength, whereby it is possible to detect not only the fault location due to disconnection of a link but also degradation in the signal quality.

A method of establishing a multicast transfer route is disclosed that can reduce the cost of entire route under a constraint on delay incurred between starting point and ending points. The method includes the steps of: computing the shortest route with respect to delay connecting the starting point and the plural ending points based on measurement result; computing delay from a node on the shortest route to each ending point and the greatest delay; removing, if the greatest delay satisfies a delay condition, the greatest-cost route from the shortest route in accordance with selection criteria effective for cost reduction; dividing the multicast transfer route into two route trees; and establishing separately computed route as a complementary route that complement the removed route for connecting the two route trees. A method of multicast label switching for realizing the above method is also disclosed. A multicast label switching route is established using hierarchical labels by establishing a common multicast label switching route using a first layer label and establishing plural partial multicast label switching routes for subgroup destinations using lower layer labels. A relay node recognizes the hierarchical labels thereby to label-switch using all hierarchical labels.

A calibration apparatus and method for a color printer that allows a user to calibrate a printer without the use of expensive measuring instruments and prior user training is provided. The calibration process prints out two target layouts. On the first target the user selects the primary inks start and end points (highlights and shadows), and the black ink only input value that generates a 30% gray. The primary inks are the device-dependent colorants, cyan, magenta and yellow. The second target compares the 30% black ink with grays made of a combination of cyan, magenta and yellow inks. The user selects the best match in an iterative process. Using this data, calculations are made of the corrections to the original input signal values for the printer. A look up table is updated with corrected input values to compensate for the printer deviation from its standard behavior.

A method for controlling an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) using an electronic device determines a designated relay station of the UAV using the electronic device, and creates a new flight path for the UAV according to the designated relay station. The method further directs the UAV to fly to the designated relay station upon the condition that the UAV can arrive at the designated relay station, and directs the UAV to fly to a subsequent relay station along the new flight path upon the condition that the UAV has not arrived at an endpoint of the new flight path.

This invention provides another optical path fault recovery method by which when the resources of a standby path are used by extra traffic, the standby path can be set quickly and an active path can be switched to the standby path without any improper connection in the event of a fault on the active path. An end point node of a path having received fault notification issues a resource securing request message transferred hop by hop to a start point node along the standby path. In the case where resources of the standby path are secured, when the resources are used by the extra traffic, the nodes on the standby path and the start point node that have received the message release the extra traffic and then secure the resources. When the resource securing request message reaches the start point node, the start point node issues a switch changeover request message, and the end point node, the start point node, and the nodes on the standby path set switches according to the secured resources.

The invention discloses an indoor live-action navigation method and system. The method comprises the steps that a mobile terminal collects live-action images of the current position, the live-action images are matched with a first live-action image stored in an indoor live-action image database, and an initial coordinate of the current position is obtained; the position of a pedestrian is positioned and tracked in real time through a multi-source sensor fused position algorithm, and when the mobile terminal detects that the position of a user changes, a real-time position result and a walking trajectory are output; a second live-action image, closest to the indoor position result, in the indoor live-action image database is obtained according to the real-time indoor position result; the mobile terminal obtains a starting point and an ending point which are input by the user in the navigation process, a forward direction is obtained, a direction guided arrow is added on the second live-action image, and live-action navigation is conducted. By means of the indoor live-action navigation method and system, according to the position where the pedestrian is located, the live-action navigation images can be pushed automatically, the best navigation image visual angle can be judged automatically, and route guidance information such as the arrow is overlapped on the navigation images.

A plasma ashing apparatus for removing organic matter from a substrate including a low k dielectric, comprising a first gas source; a plasma generating component in fluid communication with the first gas source; a process chamber in fluid communication with the plasma generating component; an exhaust conduit in fluid communication with the process chamber; wherein the exhaust conduit comprises an inlet for a second gas source and an afterburner assembly coupled to the exhaust conduit, wherein the inlet is disposed intermediate to the process chamber and an afterburner assembly, and wherein the afterburner assembly comprises means for generating a plasma within the exhaust conduit with or without introduction of a gas from the second gas source; and an optical emission spectroscopy device coupled to the exhaust conduit comprising collection optics focused within a plasma discharge region of the afterburner assembly. An endpoint detection process for an oxygen free and nitrogen free plasma process comprises monitoring an optical emission signal of an afterburner excited species in an exhaust conduit of the plasma asher apparatus. The process and apparatus can be used with carbon and/or hydrogen containing low k dielectric materials.

Laser sources output laser lights L.sub.1 and L.sub.2 having different wavelengths so as to increase an accuracy of an endpoint detection of polishing processing by enabling an accurate detection of a film thickness of a layer insulating film on a surface of a wafer to be polished by the CMP processing, the lights are emitted from a detection window via a beam splitter to the layer insulating film formed on the surface of the wafer to be polished by a pad, different optical detectors detect interference lights corresponding to the laser lights L.sub.1 and L.sub.2 reflected and generated from a surface of the layer insulating film and a pattern under the surface via the detection window, the beam splitter, and a dichroic mirror, the detection results are supplied to a film thickness evaluation unit 7, a film thickness of the layer insulation film is detected on the basis of a relationship between intensities of the reflected interference lights to the laser lights L.sub.1 and L.sub.2 or the intensity ratio, and an endpoint of polishing processing is determined when the film thickness is equal to a predetermined value.

A method is provided for determining a vehicle path for autonomously parallel parking a vehicle in a space between a first object and a second object. A distance is remotely sensed between the first object and the second object. A determination is made whether the distance is sufficient to parallel park the vehicle between. A first position to initiate a parallel parking maneuver is determined. A second position within the available parking space corresponding to an end position of the vehicle path is determined. A first arc shaped trajectory of travel is determined between the first position and an intermediate position, and a second arc shaped trajectory of travel is determined between the second position and the intermediate position. The first arc shaped trajectory is complementary to the second arc shaped trajectory for forming a clothoid which provides a smoothed rearward steering maneuver between the first position to the second position.