1545 results about "Optical wavelength" patented technology

This invention relates to processes for the assembly of three-dimensional structures having periodicities on the scale of optical wavelengths, and at both smaller and larger dimensions, as well as compositions and applications therefore. Invention embodiments involve the self assembly of three-dimensionally periodic arrays of spherical particles, the processing of these arrays so that both infiltration and extraction processes can occur, one or more infiltration steps for these periodic arrays, and, in some instances, extraction steps. The product articles are three-dimensionally periodic on a scale where conventional processing methods cannot be used. Articles and materials made by these processes are useful as thermoelectrics and thermionics, electrochromic display elements, low dielectric constant electronic substrate materials, electron emitters (particularly for displays), piezoelectric sensors and actuators, electrostrictive actuators, piezochromic rubbers, gas storage materials, chromatographic separation materials, catalyst support materials, photonic bandgap materials for optical circuitry, and opalescent colorants for the ultraviolet, visible, and infrared regions.

A Fiber-to-the-Home (FTTH) multi-media access system and method are provided in which voice, video and data signals are transported over a passive optical network (PON) between a central office location and a plurality of subscriber home network units (HNUs). Optical video distribution circuitry and telephony / data distribution circuitry at the central office location are included in the system and operate to send and receive CATV video, PBS video television, telephony and Packet data signals to and from the HNUs via the PON. Optical multiplexing / demultiplexing circuitry operating at the central office combines the video signals, which are operating at one optical wavelength, with the telephony / data signals, which are operating at a second, distinct optical wavelength. These combined optical signals are then transported over the PON to the HNUs. The PON includes a plurality of distribution fibers coupled to a plurality of passive optical splitters, which are each coupled to a plurality of drop fibers that connect to the HNUs. The HNUs receive the combined optical signals, demultiplex and convert the optical signals into corresponding electrical signals, which are in turn coupled through the HNU to the video, data and telephony networks within the home. The HNUs also receive upstream electrical signals from devices within the home, multiplex and convert these electrical signals into upstream optical signals, and transmit these upstream optical signals to the central office.

A WDM add / drop device for use in an optic communications system for adding and dropping optical wavelengths from a multiple-wavelength optical system. The device includes a set of lenses, a planar grating wavelength multiplexer and a micromirror array switchable for individual wavelengths of the multiple-wavelength signal between a transmit mode and a reflect mode. The grating angularly demultiplexes a multiple-wavelength optical signal in a first direction and the individual wavelengths are processed by the micromirror array and directed to the grating in a second direction. The micromirror array will either reflect select wavelengths to a first port or transmit select wavelengths to a second port. In a preferred embodiment, ports on a first multiport circulator input the multiple-wavelength optical signal to the WDM add / drop device and output the multiple-wavelength optical signal from the WDM add / drop device. A second multiport circulator provides to-be-added wavelengths to the WDM add / drop device and removes to-be-dropped wavelengths from the WDM add / drop device.

A time series of optical tomography data is obtained for a target tissue site in a human (or animal), using an optical wavelength, such as near infrared, at which hemoglobin is absorptive, to observe properties of the vasculature of the human. The data may be compared to baseline data of a corresponding tissue site, e.g., from a healthy human, or from another, corresponding tissue site of the human. For example, a suspected cancerous breast of a human may be compared to a known healthy breast to detect differences in the vasculature. Measures may be made of flow, oxygen supply / demand imbalance, and evidence of altered regulation of the peripheral effector mechanism. The function of the target tissue site may be analyzed, along with the coordinated interaction between multiple sites of the target system. A provocation may be administered to identify surrogate markers of an underlying state or process.

A communications system connects one or more BTS hotels with several remote access nodes on a transmission ring. Each operator has one or more separate optical wavelengths. Signal flow around the ring can either be uni-directional or bi-directional. Each optical wavelength (or wavelength pair) contains the wireless signal traffic for all remote nodes in the ring for the operator using that particular wavelength in digital form. At each node, the incoming signals are electrically demultiplexed and appropriate signals for that node are extracted for conversion to RF. These signals are copied rather than cut so that they are also available at following remote antenna nodes, thereby enabling simulcast operation.

A planar spectrograph for demultiplexing optical wavelength signals includes a monolithic substrate. The substrate has a diffraction grating etched therein. The diffraction grating is integrally formed in the substrate to be in operative relationship with input light to diffract and reflect the input light to a detector. A recess is formed in the substrate to accommodate a separate slab waveguide. A slab waveguide is dimensioned and configured to fit within the recess, and the waveguide guides input light to and from the diffraction grating. A silicon-on-insulator spectrographs is also described, as well as, fabrication processes for manufacturing these spectrographs.

The invention is related to a flat panel display and a backlight module thereof. The backlight module comprises a light source and a plurality of wavelength converters. The light source formed by some arranged luminous elements would radially emit light with an optical wavelength individually. These wavelength converters are near the light source and convert the light with the wavelength. The converted light with another wavelength is radially emitted, in which a portion of the converted light with another wavelength is emitted outward directly from the wavelength converter, while the other portion thereof is emitted from the wavelength converter toward the other wavelength converters.

A system and method for linking optical wavelength division multiplexed (OWDM) networks by using wireless communications. Each optical channel in a OWDM network is coupled to a wireless wavelength division multiplexing (WWDM) channel by a WWDM transceiver, which transmits and receives data between OWDM networks. The WWDM transceiver may transmit and receive data in RF bands, where the assignment of different OWDM channels to different frequencies within the RF bands may depend upon the data rate or service supported by the OWDM channel. WWDM systems may also support communications between OWDM networks and individual users, such as those in a local multipoint distribution service.

To identify a fault location easily if there is any fault detected in a network. If an optical path is switched from a working system to an auxiliary system due to a fault, an optical test signal originated from a network node apparatus located at an end point of the optical path is looped back by another network node apparatus on the optical path for the working system. This looped back optical signal is received by the network node apparatus of an originator, in which the signal quality of the optical test signal is measured by a determination device, thereby detecting the presence or absence of the fault on the path through which the optical test signal has been passed. A test receiver within the determination device measures a BER, an S / N ratio, an optical power, or an optical wavelength, whereby it is possible to detect not only the fault location due to disconnection of a link but also degradation in the signal quality.

An illumination apparatus includes a transparent substrate, a phosphor layer, an optical wavelength selection filter layer, and a light-emitting device. The transparent substrate includes a first surface and a second surface opposing each other. The phosphor layer is disposed on the first surface side of the transparent substrate. The optical wavelength selection filter layer is disposed on the second surface side of the transparent substrate and configured to transmit light of a first wavelength therethrough and reflect light of a second wavelength that is emitted from the phosphor layer by being excited by the light of the first wavelength. The light-emitting device is configured to emit the light of the first wavelength from the optical wavelength selection filter layer side thereof toward the optical wavelength selection filter layer.

A gesture-based user interface method and corresponding apparatus that includes a light source configured to irradiate light to a user, an image sensor configured to receive light reflected from the user and output a depth image of the user, an image processor configured to recognize a user gesture based on the depth image output from the image sensor, and a controller configured to control the light source and the image sensor such that at least one of an optical wavelength of the light source, an optical power level of the light source, a frame rate of the light source and a resolution of the depth image is adjusted according to a gesture recognition mode.

This invention relates to systems and methods for wireless and wired optical data communications, in particular infrared data communications using techniques borrowed ultra wideband (UWB) radio. Data is input for communication. The data defines a plurality of data symbols for transmission. Each the data symbol is encoded onto first and second optical carriers. The encoding comprises encoding each of the data symbols as respective first and second pulse packets each comprising at least one optical pulse. The encoding uses a common pulse packet position modulation for the first and second carriers. The first and second optical carriers have respective first and second optical wavelengths. An optical signal comprising the first and second optical carriers is transmitted, received, and decoded to recover the data symbols.

PCT No. PCT / NO98 / 00031 Sec. 371 Date Jul. 29, 1999 Sec. 102(e) Date Jul. 29, 1999 PCT Filed Jan. 29, 1998 PCT Pub. No. WO98 / 36252 PCT Pub. Date Aug. 20, 1998A device for accurate and repeatable measurements of optical wavelengths, including an interrogation broadband light source (1) and a tuneable optical filter (2). A first part of the light is, in either order, transmitted through the filter (2) and reflected from, or transmitted through, at least one fibre Bragg grating (5) with known Bragg wavelength, providing an absolute wavelength reference, and directed to a first detector (7). A second part of the light is, in either order, transmitted through the filter and transmitted through, or reflected from a Fabry-Perot filter (8) with fixed and known free spectral range, creating a comb spectrum sampling the interrogation source spectrum to provide an accurate frequency / wavelength scale.

Wearable devices including a hat or cap, eyeglasses, an eye mask, or a face mask deliver light from light-emitting diodes or deliver electroluminescent light from a light source including an electroluminescent wire or flat panel powered by an inverter connected to the hat or cap, the eyeglasses, the eye mask, or the face mask. The delivery of the light is for entertainment or therapeutic purposes. Delivery of therapeutic light to the retinal area or to the skin of the user by a wearable device, without the use of the hands of the user, applies consistent levels of the therapeutic light to relax the user, to remove wrinkles in the skin, and to impart other healing effects. A sufficient amount of lux at appropriate optical wavelengths is generated to be incident for long periods upon the retina of the user or upon the skin of the user for healing effect.

An integrated infrared (IR) and full color complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) imager array is provided. The array is built upon a lightly doped p doped silicon (Si) substrate. Each pixel cell includes at least one visible light detection pixel and an IR pixel. Each visible light pixel includes a moderately p doped bowl with a bottom p doped layer and p doped sidewalls. An n doped layer is enclosed by the p doped bowl, and a moderately p doped surface region overlies the n doped layer. A transfer transistor has a gate electrode overlying the p doped sidewalls, a source formed from the n doped layer, and an n+ doped drain connected to a floating diffusion region. The IR pixel is the same, except that there is no bottom p doped layer. An optical wavelength filter overlies the visible light and IR pixels.

An admission control system is disclosed in combination with a network and a computing system in communication with the network. The computing system is configured to determine a class of service requirement from a service request. The computing system is furnished with topology information about the network, a portion of the topology being based on a protocol (e.g., Multiple Spanning Tree protocol) whereby multiple paths are created for provisioning a connection for the service request. A mechanism is configured to determine if at least one path is available that satisfies the class of service requirement and to admit the service request into the network when the path is available for provisioning the connection. Bandwidth usage may be tracked and used in provisioning decisions. Requests may be made to the network to add bandwidth (e.g., through additional optical wavelengths) to accommodate service requests.

The present invention relates to a technology of an IP node for transferring IP packets accommodated in a wavelength division multiplexing optical signal. The optical IP node of the present invention includes a space switch unit supplied with a wavelength division multiplexing optical signal and a packet with another node destination and generating an optical signal with the self node destination and multiplexing the optical signal with another node destination and an optical signal caused by the packet together and generating the multiplexed signal, link failure detecting unit connected to an input side and an output side of the space switch unit, detecting link failure and generating a detection signal, an OAM packet transmitting unit for generating a monitoring packet at a predetermined time interval, and a traffic restoration control unit connected to the link failure detecting unit, selecting each optical signal depending on the wavelength in response to reception of the detection signal, switching the optical path and generating the optical signal. Each of the optical IP nodes carries out optical path switching on the wavelength division multiplexing optical signal and assignment of an IP packet to be transmitted to an optical signal and switching of the assignment. Thus, the number of optical wavelengths utilized for transmission can be reduced and the size of the optical IP node can be made small.

The invention relates to a method and apparatus for opto-thermo-mechanical treatment of biological tissue. A biological tissue area 8 is irradiated with a radiation in the optical wavelength range with predetermined parameters, the radiation being modulated and spatially formed under a predetermined law; the irradiation is accompanied by simultaneous thermal and mechanical treatment of the area 8; concurrently with the irradiation of the biological tissue area, spatial distribution of physico-chemical and geometrical characteristics is measured both in the zone of direct optical treatment and in close vicinity, using a control diagnostic system 4; a data processing unit 7 coordinates parameters of optical radiation spatial formation and modulation with each other and with the biological tissue characteristics and provides a control signal to an optical radiation power and time modulation control unit 2 and a device 3 for delivering optical radiation and forming spatial distribution of optical radiation power on the surface and in the bulk of the biological tissue 8. Optical radiation parameters are adjusted responsive to control signals of the control-diagnostic system 4 during irradiation as a function of continuously changing characteristics of spatial distribution of physico-chemical and geometrical characteristics both in and beyond the directly treated biological tissue area.

The present invention discloses organic electroluminescent display device and a method for fabricating the same, which includes: a first hole transporting layer formed in the first, second, and third pixel regions; a second hole transporting layer formed on a portion of the first hole transporting layer in the second and third pixel regions; a third hole transporting layer formed on a portion of the second hole transporting layer in the third pixel region. Light emitting layers are formed on each of the first, second, and third hole transporting layers. The thickness of the second hole transporting layer is approximately one-third (⅓) to two-thirds (⅔) of an optical wavelength difference between the first and second pixel regions, and the thickness of the third hole transporting layer is approximately one-third (⅓) to two-thirds (⅔) of an optical wavelength difference between the second and third pixel regions.

The purely bound electromagnetic modes of propagation supported by symmetric waveguide structures comprised of a thin lossy metal film of finite width embedded in an infinite homogeneous dielectric have been characterized at optical wavelengths. The modes supported are divided into four families depending on the symmetry of their fields. In addition to the four fundamental modes that exist, numerous higher order ones are supported as well. A nomenclature suitable for identifying all modes is discussed. The dispersion of the modes with film thickness and width has been assessed and the effects of varying the background permittivity on the characteristics of the modes determined. The frequency dependency of one of the modes has been investigated. The higher order modes have a cut-off width, below which they are no longer propagated and some of the modes have a cut-off thickness.

This invention relates to processes for the assembly of three-dimensional structures having periodicities on the scale of optical wavelengths, and at both smaller and larger dimensions, as well as compositions and applications therefore. Invention embodiments involve the self assembly of three-dimensionally periodic arrays of spherical particles, the processing of these arrays so that both infiltration and extraction processes can occur, one or more infiltration steps for these periodic arrays, and, in some instances, extraction steps. The product articles are three-dimensionally periodic on a scale where conventional processing methods cannot be used. Articles and materials made by these processes are useful as thermoelectrics and thermionics, electrochromic display elements, low dielectric constant electronic substrate materials, electron emitters (particularly for displays), piezoelectric sensors and actuators, electrostrictive actuators, piezochromic rubbers, gas storage materials, chromatographic separation materials, catalyst support materials, photonic bandgap materials for optical circuitry, and opalescent colorants for the ultraviolet, visible, and infrared regions.

Provided is a WDM-PON system based on a wavelength-tunable ECL. A method of controlling an upstream optical wavelength of an ONT in WDM-PON system, the method comprises: determining upstream optical wavelength information of the ONT corresponding to a downstream optical wavelength predetermined to the ONT newly installed by being connected to a network; in an OLT, loading the determined upstream optical wavelength information onto the downstream optical wavelength assigned to the ONT and transmitting the loaded upstream optical wavelength information to the ONT; in the ONT, generating an upstream optical wavelength based on the upstream optical wavelength information transmitted by being loaded on the downstream optical wavelength from the OLT; and in the ONT, loading upstream data onto the generated upstream optical wavelength and transmitting the loaded upstream data to the OLT.

Disclosed is an optical transceiver subassembly module for multiplexing and demultiplexing a plurality of channels of different wavelengths. The optical subassembly module includes a transmitter optical subassembly (TOSA) and a receiver optical subassembly (ROSA). For a TOSA, the optical signals emitted by four laser diodes of different wavelengths are combined into a multiplexed optical signal, through respective thin film filters and lenses, which is then coupled onto an optical fiber after passing through a focusing lens. For a ROSA, the input optical signal on the receiver end of the optical fiber is separated into multiple optical wavelength signals, through respective thin film filters and lenses, which are then registered by respective photo detectors. This optical subassembly module with compact star-shaped optics design, active and passive alignments is able to attain high coupling efficiency between optical signals and the optical fiber.

An optical signal manipulation system including: a series of ports for carrying a series of optical signals to be manipulated; a spatial separating means for spatially separating at least a first and a second group of light from the series of optical signals; wavelength dispersion element subsequently spatially separating wavelengths of the first and second series; wavelength processing means for processing separated wavelengths of the first and second series.

An apparatus for filtering electromagnetic waves, the apparatus comprising a substrate having a surface relief structure containing at least one dielectric body with physical dimensions smaller than the wavelength of the filtered electromagnetic waves, such structures repeated in a two dimensional array covering at least a portion of the surface of the first substrate. Also disclosed is a material sensor utilizing this apparatus.

The invention relates to a broadband wireless signal covering network based on a passive optical network structure. The network comprises a first fiber power divider / wave combiner, a plurality of user terminal units, an optical wavelength multiplexing / de-multiplexing device, a second fiber power divider / wave combiner and a broadband photoreceiver, wherein the first fiber power divider / wave combiner allocates light carrier signals of a light emitter to a plurality of fiber power dividers; a plurality of the user terminal units correspondingly receive the light carrier signals of the fiber power dividers, emit the light carrier signals to air and receive user uplink RF signals through antennas; the optical wavelength multiplexing / de-multiplexing device collects user uplink optical signals of a plurality of the user terminal units and transmits the signals to the uplink direction; the second fiber power divider / wave combiner collects the user uplink optical signals and transmits the signals to the uplink direction; and the broadband photoreceiver converts the received multi-wavelength user uplink optical signals into multi-bandwidth broadband RF signals and sends the signals to upper layer equipment. The broadband wireless signal covering network solves the problem of realizing broadband wireless communication for large-scale indoor multiuser, strengthens the adaptability to the horizontal dynamic change of uplink optical signal power and can adapt to the functional requirement of various wireless communication systems.

A domestic water recycling system using a combination of an optical detector to detect certain smaller sized (non-filtered) contaminants and a filter to remove larger sized (filtered) contaminants provides an efficient wastewater recycling system. Optical detection of contaminants determines whether water is discharged or filtered and recycled. The optical detection system can use several discrete optical wavelengths that are passed through the fluid, and can determine a relative presence of the contaminants based on the resulting wavelength response. A recycling shower using optical detection, an electronically actuated directional device and pump and a controller allows for automatic recycling or discharging of water without requiring user input. The system may include a turbulence reduction baffle in a collection chamber, and a disinfection unit for the recycled water.