The invention relates to a quick calibration method for an inertial measurement unit (IMU). According to the method, a user holds and rotates the IMU to move in all directions without any external equipment, so that twelve error coefficients including gyro biases, gyro scale factors, accelerometer biases and accelerometer scale factors can be accurately calibrated in a short time. The quick calibration method for the IMU is characterized by being free of hardware cost, high in efficiency and simple and easy to implement, and can ensure certain calibration precision. Thus, the quick calibration method is especially suitable for in-situ quick calibration for the medium- and low-grade IMUs, thereby effectively solving the problem of environmental sensitivity of the error coefficients of the mechanical IMU, and promoting popularization and application of MEMS (micro-electro mechanical systems) inertial devices.