The invention discloses an optical system for a refractive/diffractive telescope, mainly applying in the astronomical observation, imaging of objectives at long distance, etc. The optical system comprises a corrective lens, a primary reflector and a sub-reflector in the sequence from object space to image space. The corrective lens of optical element in front of the system is a binary diffractive lens of optical element. Light beam from the object space passes through the corrective lens of the binary diffractive element, and irradiates on the primary reflector, and then is reflected to the sub-reflector by the primary reflector, finally finishes imaging after being reflected to the imaging plane by the sub-reflector and. Both the primary and the sub-reflector of the optical system adopt spherical reflectors. The processing, inspection and assembly of the reflectors become much easier, obviously reducing the manufacturing cost and improving the processing efficiency. The binary diffractive corrective lens can be produced in batch through the molding of optical plastics, which can further reduce the manufacturing cost.