The invention relates to an on-line safety assessment method of a water wall, comprising the following steps: firstly arranging a few test points at the
pipe section with flow
heat transfer representativeness in each radiated area for being combined with the existing inlet and outlet test points outside the furnace, monitoring characteristic parameters in the water wall pipes of the
station boiler as calculation and checking point, inputting the characteristic parameters into a computer for
processing, and computing the parameters such as the flow rate, the pressure of the inlet and outlet, the
enthalpy value, the temperature value of furnace inner wall of each section of
pipe along the length, the amplitude value of the variation of stresses and the like of all pipes in the group on line and in real time through a flow
heat transfer law so as to judge whether unsafe factors including the instable hydrodynamic force, excess temperature,
creep fatigue damage and the like occurs. The computed result is displayed in real time, and the related data is recorded as the basis for judging whether the water wall is in
safe operation, thereby realizing optimized running of the equipment, arranging examination and
maintenance management according to the state and fully implementing the examination and reparation based on the condition of the equipment.