55 results about "Carbon flux" patented technology

A system of systems to monitor data for carbon flux, for example, at scales capable of managing regional net carbon flux and pricing carbon financial instruments is disclosed. The system of systems can monitor carbon flux in forests, soils, agricultural areas, body of waters, flue gases, and the like. The system includes a means to identify and quantify sources of carbon based on simultaneous measurement of isotopologues of carbon dioxide, for example, industrial, agricultural or natural sources, offering integration of same in time and space. Carbon standards are employed at multiple scales to ensure harmonization of data and carbon financial instruments.

The present invention provides for the manipulation of carbon flux in a recombinant host cell to increase the formation of desirable products. The invention relates to cellulose-digesting organisms that have been genetically modified to allow the production of ethanol at a high yield by redirecting carbon flux at key steps of central metabolism.

Disclosed are methods of producing carotenoid compounds in a methylotrophic bacterial host cell. Such a host cell may be an unmodified Methylobacterium, spontaneous mutant, or transformed cell, any of which exhibit favorable properties, such as overproduction of carotenoid compounds, increased carbon flux, improved growth, or the production of additional nutrients, such as protein, vitamins, antioxidants, or fatty acids. Also disclosed are feed compositions for use in aquaculture, or as animal feed, or as human nutritional supplements containing processed or unprocessed biomass from such cells, as are methods of preparation of the feed compositions.

The invention relates to a low-pressure vacuum carburizing heat treatment method for 16Cr3NiWMoVNbE. The treatment method comprises the following steps of high-temperature pretreatment, low-pressure vacuum carburizing, quenching, cold quenching and medium-temperature tempering, specifically, the steps can be carried out repeatedly. The vacuum carburizing process is based on the multi-section pulseprinciple of a saturation value adjustment method, acetylene gas is adopted as a carburizing medium, and a carburizing and diffusion cycle is carried out three to thirty times according to the calculated carbon flux, diffusion coefficient and saturated carbon concentration, specifically, the carburizing temperature is 800-1050 DEG C, and the carburizing pressure is 100-2000 Pa. The method is clean and environmentally friendly, can achieve no intergranular oxidation as well as accurate control over the carburized layer depth; meets reproducibility within a low error range and optionality of the surface carbon concentration, and is suitable for complex structures such as slim holes and blind holes.

The invention discloses a method for observing and inverting surface carbon flux based on satellite CO2 column concentration. The method comprises the following steps: constructing an EnKF carbon fluxinversion system and coupling the EnKF carbon flux inversion system to an MOZART-4 global atmospheric chemical transmission model; performing Gaussian random disturbance on the priori CO2 flux to obtain a set sample, inputting the set sample into an atmospheric model MOZART-4 to simulate CO2 concentration, assimilating observation data of corresponding positions and time, and obtaining optimizedCO2 flux; inputting the optimized flux into the MOZART-4 model again for operation, and generating a new initial field for flux optimization of the next assimilation window; and repeating the step 2 for cyclic assimilation. The high-resolution carbon assimilation inversion system constructed through a new algorithm and a new program can directly assimilate satellite column concentration data, andglobal and regional carbon flux errors and simulation precision are effectively corrected.

The invention provides a wire rod for flux-cored welding wires, prepared from the following chemical components: 0.001-0.050 percent of C, 0.001-0.050 percent of Si, 0.10-0.24 percent of Mn, not more than 0.012 percent of S, not more than 0.015 percent of P, not more than 0.007 percent of N, not more than 0.06 percent of Al, not more than 0.05 percent of Cu, not more than 0.08 percent of Ni, not more than 0.07 percent of Cr, not more than 0.01 percent of V, not more than 0.0002 percent of Hg, 0.003 percent of Ca and 0.01 percent of Sn. The manufacture method of the wire rod for low-carbon flux-cored welding wires comprises a smelting step, a rolling controlling step and a cooling controlling step, wherein the smelting step comprises refining outside a furnace under a vacuum degree smaller than 2 tau at a controlled final temperature of 1590+ / -20 DEG C, the rolling controlling step comprises finishing mill rolling at 875-925 DEG C and reducing-sizing mill rolling at 825-925 DEG C, and the cooling controlling step adopts a high line Stelmor line to control cooling. The invention solves the technical problem of joint difficulty increase brought by the improvement of the hardness and the strength of steel in the production process of the wire rod for the low-carbon flux-cored wires and has practical values.

A robotic optical sedimentation recorder is described for the recordation of carbon flux in the oceans wherein both POC and PIC particles are captured at the open end of a submersible sampling platform, the captured particles allowed to drift down onto a collection plate where they can be imaged over time. The particles are imaged using three separate light sources, activated in sequence, one source being a back light, a second source being a side light to provide dark field illumination, and a third source comprising a cross polarized light source to illuminate birefringent particles. The recorder in one embodiment is attached to a buoyancy unit which is capable upon command for bringing the sedimentation recorder to a programmed depth below the ocean surface during recordation mode, and on command returning the unit to the ocean surface for transmission of recorded data and receipt of new instructions. The combined unit is provided with its own power source and is designed to operate autonomously in the ocean for extended periods of time.

The invention provides a forest ecological system respiration carbon flux determination method, which comprises the following steps of obtaining the concentration of atmosphere CO2 at different heights in a target forest layer in the preset time period and the delta 13C isotope value in the atmosphere CO2; obtaining the forest ecological system respiration delta 13C isotope value according to the concentration of atmosphere CO2 and the delta 13C isotope value; obtaining the delta 13C isotope value in the CO2 generated by respiration of tree branches to be tested in the target forest in the preset time period and the delta 13C isotope value in the CO2 generated by respiration of soil; determining the proportion relationship of each respiration ingredient in the forest ecological system according to the obtained delta 13C isotope value in the CO2 generated by respiration of tree branches to be tested and the delta 13C isotope value in the CO2 generated by respiration of soil; obtaining the carbon flux of the soil to be tested; substituting the obtained carbon flux of the soil to be tested into the proportion relationship of each respiration in the forest ecological system; obtaining the forest ecological system respiration carbon flux. The carbon flux change of the atmosphere and the plants can be precisely measured in the forest ecological system under the complicated terrain conditions.

The invention discloses a regional carbon flux estimation method based on remote sensing data. A mesoscale meteorological model (WRF) is used to output results, to provide spatial information within atarget region range and required meteorological field data for a vegetation photosynthetic respiration model (VPRM). High-precision vegetation type data (SYNMAP with a resolution of 1 km) is extracted, to classify land use types in a target area; an enhanced vegetation index (EVI) and a land surface water index (LSWI) are obtained by inversion of medium-high-resolution remote sensing data (MODIS09A1); parameters such as the EVI and the LSWI are placed in a target area grid by a spatial difference method; for different regional characteristics, more than one year of historical observation datais used, and these parameters are optimized by using a light response equation (Michaelis-Menten); and finally, based on the data, the carbon flux calculation is performed on the target area using the VPRM model.

The invention discloses a surface water, heat and carbon flux coupling estimation method based on remote sensing information. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring ground observation data; preprocessing ground data; preparing ground input data; calibrating model parameters; acquiring remote sensing data; acquiring meteorological data; acquiring other parameters; preprocessing regional data; preparing regional input data; calculating carbon flux; calculating the air hole conductivity; and calculating the latent heat flux and sensible heat flux of the earth surface. According to the invention, the photosynthetic rate estimation error is reduced; the stress effect of soil moisture on canopy conductivity is quantified by introducing a soil moisture limiting factor, so the canopyconductivity estimation error is reduced; the influence of soil moisture on soil evaporation is considered, the estimation of the influence of soil moisture on soil evaporation is realized by utilizing remote sensing information, and the operability and the applicability are improved; earth surface sensible heat flux can be estimated at the same time, and earth surface latent heat flux and sensible heat flux can be estimated at the same time through an energy balance equation.

The invention provides a carbon dioxide flux inversion method and system, thereby solving problems that an existing method and system are poor in generalization performance and not suitable for GMI loads. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring GMI data, performing carbon dioxide column concentration inversion to obtain a carbon dioxide average column concentration observation value, and performing height interpolation to obtain a carbon dioxide profile observation value; simulating a regional atmospheric land carbon flux exchange mode based on an RAMS-CMAQ simulation model; and performing calculating by taking the carbon dioxide average column concentration simulation value as an observation operator and taking the sum of carbon dioxide fluxes in an emission list of the RAMS-CMAQ model as a priori value of the carbon dioxide fluxes and adopting an integrated four-dimensional variation assimilation method to obtain a carbon dioxide flux assimilation value and a carbon dioxide column concentration assimilation value. The system uses the method. According to the invention, the carbon dioxide flux is calculated by applying the GMI load.

The invention relates to online monitoring equipment for soil carbon flux. The online monitoring equipment comprises a terminal monitoring device and a monitor, wherein the terminal monitoring devicecomprises a base with a monitoring hole, an opaque cover body, a first driving mechanism, a transparent cover body and a second driving mechanism; the opaque cover body and the transparent cover bodyare provided with monitoring sensor interfaces respectively; the monitor comprises a data acquisition module, a data processing unit and a wireless communication module; the monitoring sensor of the data acquisition module is connected to the interface of the monitoring sensor; the data processing unit is connected with the data acquisition module, the wireless communication module and the first and second driving mechanisms respectively; and the wireless communication module communicates with the Internet. The online monitoring equipment for soil carbon flux can be used for monitoring soil respiration under illumination and no illumination, which is beneficial to further study the relationship between illumination and soil respiration, and has important significance for promoting the study of carbon flux of a terrestrial ecosystem. Through adoption of the online monitoring equipment, remote online monitoring can be realized; manpower is saved; and the efficiency is improved.

The invention relates to a monitoring device for researching a relation between illumination and a soil carbon flux. The monitoring device comprises a base; a monitoring hole is formed in the middle part of the base; a lighttight cover body and a light-transmitting cover body are respectively hinged to positions, located on two sides of the monitoring hole, on the base; the lighttight cover body is driven by a first driving mechanism to do turning motion, so as to close or open the monitoring hole; the light-transmitting cover body is driven by a second driving mechanism to do turning motion,so as to close or open the monitoring hole; and interfaces for mounting monitoring sensors are respectively formed in the lighttight cover body and the light-transmitting cover body. The monitoring device disclosed by the invention can be used for monitoring soil respiration related parameters under a natural environment and can be also used for monitoring soil respiration related parameters undera dark environment; two groups of comparative data are acquired, so as to further research the relation between the illumination and the soil respiration favorably; and the monitoring device has an important significance for pushing the research on the carbon flux of a terrestrial ecosystem.

The invention discloses a remote sensing monitoring method of the light use efficiency and the gross primary production of a phyllostachys pubescens forest ecological system. The method comprises the following steps of: firstly, obtaining the gross primary production through a carbon flux tower observation technology, and calculating the light use efficiency by dividing the gross primary production by photosynthetically active radiation; secondly, by utilizing the relationship among the light use efficiency of the phyllostachys pubescens forest, the reflectance of a remote sensing image and the vegetation index, on the basis of eliminating an abnormal value of the remote sensing image, in combination with a partial least square method and a bootstrap method, screening an optimal variable combination, establishing a light use efficiency inversion model, and obtaining the light use efficiency of the phyllostachys pubescens forest by inversion; and finally, calculating the light use efficiency of the phyllostachys pubescens forest by utilizing a light use efficiency inversion model, multiplying the calculated light use efficiency by the photosynthetically active radiation, obtaining the gross primary production of the phyllostachys pubescens forest, and realizing dynamic monitoring of the light use efficiency and the gross primary production of the phyllostachys pubescens forest ecological system based on a remote sensing technology. By means of the method, the remote sensing monitoring precision of the gross primary production of the phyllostachys pubescens forest can be increased.

The invention generally relates to methods, devices, and microbes involved in performing redox imbalanced fermentations. In one aspect, the invention provides a device that generally includes an electrode and at least one microbe in electron communication with the electrode. The microbe generally can exhibit increased activity of at least one enzyme involved in converting a substrate to a redox imbalanced product. In another aspect, the invention provides a method for performing redox imbalanced fermentation. Generally, the method includes providing a substrate to a microbe under conditions effective for the microbe to metabolize the substrate to a redox imbalanced product. At least one microbe may be in contact with an electrode. In some cases, metabolic conversion of the substrate to the redox imbalanced product can include transferring electrons between the electrode and the microbe. In other cases, metabolic conversion of the substrate to the redox imbalanced product exhibits a carbon flux from organic substrate to organic product of at least 80%. In another aspect, the invention provides a genetically modified Shewanella oneidensis microbe.

The embodiment of the invention discloses a data processing method and device, equipment and a storage medium, and the method comprises the steps: obtaining the carbon flux data and environmental parameter information of a target region, and determining the carbon flux missing characteristics of the target region according to the historical carbon flux data of the target region; Selecting a carbonflux interpolation strategy according to the carbon flux missing characteristics of the target area, wherein the carbon flux interpolation strategy comprises a single interpolation strategy and a multiple interpolation strategy; Analyzing the carbon flux data and the environmental parameter information of the target area according to the selected carbon flux interpolation strategy to predict themissing carbon flux of the target area; Performing interpolation on the carbon flux data of the target area according to the missing carbon flux of the target area; The accuracy of detecting the carbon flux data of the target area can be improved.

The invention relates to the field of determination of soil respiration components in soil ecosystem carbon cycle study and discloses an indirect determination method for the heterotrophic respiratoryrate and the autotrophic respiratory rate of moso bamboo forest soil. The indirect determination method comprises the following steps: (1) selecting a sample plot; (2) determining the soil respiratory rate; (3) collecting a soil sample and determining parameters of the soil sample; (4) establishing a linear relation; and (5) determining related parameters of soil and calculating the heterotrophicrespiratory rate and the autotrophic respiratory rate of the moso bamboo forest soil. According to the invention, five factors are selected and an indirect determination method for heterotrophic respiratory rate and autotrophic respiratory rate of soil is established, a deviation range of a numerical value is relatively small (positive and negative deviations are within 10%) compared with a method commonly used at present and directly determining soil respiration components by utilizing an LI-8100 carbon flux measurement system, and the indirect determination method has the advantages of relatively light field workload, relatively low determination cost and relatively low technical requirements on instrument configuration and operation.

The invention relates to a trunk CO2 flux measurement device. The trunk CO2 flux measurement device comprises an infrared gas analyzer, a gas passage and a lifting frame used for arranging the infrared gas analyzer and the gas passage connected with the infrared gas analyzer, wherein the gas passage comprises a trunk contact cover, a carbon flux gas chamber contact cover and a steering tube used for connecting the trunk contact cover and the carbon flux gas chamber contact cover, the steering tube is arranged on the lifting frame through a fixing seat, the lifting frame comprises a desktop and desk legs located at the corners of the lower side of the desktop, each desk leg comprises a fixed segment and a telescopic segment located in the fixed segment, the fixed segment is connected with the telescopic segment through a locking device, a bearing platform is arranged between the desk legs, and a rail is arranged on the periphery of the bearing platform. According to the measurement device, the problem that a long-term test problem with high observation efficiency is difficult to carry out in a trunk breath process in the field for a long time is solved, the automation capability of plant trunk CO2 flux observation processes according to time scales such as day and night, seasonal variation and the like is greatly improved, manpower investment is lowered, and valuable data is provided for researches on trunk breath, carbon cycle of forest ecosystems, etc.

The invention provides a CO2 background field concentration inversion method and system based on OCO-2 data and a WRFSTILT model, and the WRFSTILT model comprises a WRF model and an STILT model. The method comprises the steps: obtaining meteorological data as the input of the WRF model, and enabling the WRF model to obtain a meteorological field with high spatial-temporal resolution nearby a research region through interpolation; taking the obtained meteorological field as the input of an STILT model, and obtaining a pressure weighted footprint field corresponding to each observation value based on the STILT model according to the time and position of an OCO-2 transit point; acquiring a priori total carbon flux, acquiring a better posteriori total carbon flux by using Bayesian estimation,acquiring a simulation observation value according to the posteriori total carbon flux and a footprint field, and inverting the CO2 background field concentration by using a condition that the difference between the simulation observation value and an actual observation value meets normal distribution with a mean value of 0. According to the method, the background field concentration can be directly solved according to the OCO2 observation value, the precision is high, the consumption is low, and more accurate data is provided for further researching the problems of urban scale carbon cycle and the like.

The invention relates to an overground and underground synchronous carbon flux measuring experimental device comprising a monitoring device for studying the soil carbon flux and a transparent cylindrical body for cultivating plants. A partition plate is arranged at the middle part of the transparent cylindrical body and is used for separating a ground portion and a soil portion of the plant in twoseparate chambers. A liquid supply interface for providing a nutrient solution for the plant is further disposed on the side wall of the chamber for accommodating the soil portion of the plant. Through holes through which plants pass are formed in the partition plate. The two ends of the transparent cylindrical body are connected to monitoring holes of the monitoring device respectively. According to the invention, the overground and underground synchronous carbon flux measuring experimental device is used for monitoring parameters related to soil respiration below the surface as well as thecarbon flux variation parameters above the ground to obtain two groups of overground and underground monitoring data, thereby analyzing the soil respiration relationship. The overground and underground synchronous carbon flux measuring experimental device has the great significance in prompting the study on the carbon flux in the terrestrial ecosystem.

The invention discloses a forest system carbon flux estimation method, and relates to the technical field of carbon flux estimation. The method aims to solve the problems that an existing forest system carbon flux estimation method is large in calculated amount and low in estimation result accuracy. According to the method, sensitivity analysis is carried out on vegetation physiological and ecological parameters and carbon flux based on a point-scale Biome-BGC model, sensitive vegetation physiological and ecological parameters are determined, then correlation analysis is carried out, and datatypes related to data types in the sensitive vegetation physiological and ecological parameters are removed; and Biome-BGC model parameters of a point scale are determined in combination with meteorological data, the Biome-BGC model parameters are taken as model parameters of a regional scale Biome-BGC model, errors are determined in combination with an error neural network model, and finally an estimation result of the forest system carbon flux is determined. The method is mainly used for estimating forest system carbon flux.

The invention discloses a method for knocking out pckA to promote synthesis of acetylglucosamine through bacillus subtilis and belongs to the field of genetic engineering. The method comprises the steps that BSGNK-PxylA-glmS-P43-GNA1 serves as original strains, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (pckA) genes are knocked out through homologous recombination, the reaction that enolphosphopyruvate is converted into oxaloacetic acid in host bacterium cells is blocked, the carbon flux flowing to a tricarboxylic acid cycle is reduced, and accumulation of acetylglucosamine is promoted. In the process that a composite culture medium is used for fermentation, the acetylglucosamine yield of recombination bacillus subtilis with pckA knocked out reaches 29.27 g / L and is increased by 28.1% compared with that of control strains. The method lays a foundation for transforming bacillus subtilis to produce acetylglucosamine in metabolic engineering.

The invention provides an arid region carbon flux estimation method based on a box type method and taking the precipitation influence into consideration. The method comprises the first step of observing responding sensibility of carbon flux to different precipitation events; the second step of dividing grades of the precipitation events, wherein the precipitation events are sequentially divided into five grades (P0, P1, P2, P3 and P4) from small to big, P0 is zero precipitation (no precipitation event occurs), P1, P2 and P3 are precipitation event occurrence probability bodies, and P4 is an extremely-large precipitation event; the third step of establishing a responding model and conducting parameterization, wherein the responding model of carbon flux to the precipitation events is established, and corresponding model parameters are determined; the fourth step of estimating the carbon flux, wherein the carbon flux estimation value in the estimation time frame is obtained by calculating and calculating sum of the calculus of the carbon flux of the precipitation events of the different grades according to the different precipitation event static results and the responding model in the research region. The method has the advantages that calculation is easy, the estimation accuracy is high and the outdoor workload is low and can be widely applied to arid region carbon flux monitoring, carbon cycling and related research fields.

The invention discloses a soil carbon flux measuring device. The device comprises an air storage cylinder (7), a base (2), a rack (4), a movable air storage cylinder cover (12), a cylinder cover lifting device (13), a cylinder cover translation device (15), a sensor, a display and a system control microcomputer, an air storage cylinder is formed by combining an upper fixed cylinder body (16), a lower movable cylinder body (17) and a thin elastic sleeve (24) sleeving the two cylinder bodies, the lower movable cylinder body is defined by a plurality of arc-shaped surface sliding pieces which arelongitudinally and circumferentially arranged, and each arc-shaped surface sliding piece can be adjusted in an up-down telescopic mode along with unevenness of a sample plot. The device is speciallyused for measuring the carbon flux of the soil, and has the advantages of strong adaptability to the surface condition of the ample plot to be measured, high sealing performance, strong representativeness of collected and extracted sample gas, conformity to design requirements, low error and the like. Power transmission of translation or vertical lifting of the device is carried out under the two-dimensional condition, positioning is accurate, the joint closing performance is good, and faults and damage are not likely to happen.

The invention discloses a satellite remote sensing method for monitoring the depth of a euphotic layer of an offshore water body. The method is based on field measured data, a remote sensing reflectivity optimal spectrum characterization factor for estimating the depth of a euphotic layer is constructed; a new method for estimating the euphotic layer depth by directly utilizing the remote sensingreflectivity is established, and the method is simple and easy to operate, is more suitable for actual satellite remote sensing application, is easier to popularize and apply in other offshore areas,and can promote the development of offshore water euphotic layer depth satellite remote sensing monitoring. According to the method, high-quality euphotic layer depth satellite remote sensing productscan be effectively obtained, the products can directly serve for satellite remote sensing estimation of offshore water body primary productivity, carbon flux, heat exchange and the like, and application of water color remote sensing in offshore marine environment monitoring is promoted. The invention provides a new idea method for estimating the depth of the euphotic layer by utilizing satelliteremote sensing data, and has important significance for improving the remote sensing monitoring capability of the depth of the euphotic layer of the offshore water body and the development of relatedapplication fields.

The invention relates to a CO2 flux measurement device used in intertidal wetland. The device comprises an infrared gas analyzer, a gas path and an erector, wherein the gas path is connected with the infrared gas analyzer, the erector is used for placing the infrared gas analyzer and the gas path, the gas path comprises a transparent water-touching cover and a wave protection pipe; a plurality of sharp angles are uniformly distributed on the lower edge of the water-touching cover; scales are arranged on the side wall of the water-touching cover; a level gauge is arranged on the water-touching cover; the other end of the wave protection pipe is connected with a carbon flux air chamber contact cover; the wave protection pipe is connected with a lifting rod at one side angle of the erector through a fixing ring; the erector comprises a table top and table legs; the table legs comprise fixed sections and stretching sections positioned inside the fixed sections; sharp ends are arranged at the front ends of the stretching sections; the fixed sections are connected with the stretching sections by virtue of a locking device. Based on mutual cooperation of the gas path and the erector as well as the infrared gas analyzer in the measuring device, the problem that the traditional CO2 flux measurement method for inland wetland is difficultly used for effectively measuring the intertidal wetland for a long time is solved, the high automation capability is realized, the operation is time-saving and labor-saving, and the aim of continuously measuring for a long time is achieved.

The invention discloses a method for identifying the effect of water logging events on the carbon flux of crop soil units, which includes the following steps: setting water logging scenarios for soilunits at different growth stages of crops; measuring the CO2 concentration of the soil units at different time periods under different water logging scenarios in different growth stages of crops; calculating the CO2 flux of the crop soil units according to the measured CO2 concentration, and drawing a change trend curve of CO2 flux under different water logging scenarios in different growth stagesof crops and a change trend curve of CO2 flux under natural conditions; and comparatively analyzing the two curves to quantitatively identify the effect of water logging events on the carbon flux ofthe crop soil units. The method focuses on CO2 flux, including the emission and absorption process of the soil units. The carbon source / sink problem of the crop soil units can be judged, and thus, a scientific support is provided for the study of the carbon source / sink problem of the farmland ecosystem.

The invention discloses a method for monitoring a carbon flux emission rule in an ecological system region. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring initial values of carbon dioxide concentrations at different heights in the ecological system area; obtaining correction values of carbon dioxide concentrations at different heights through a BLS algorithm; obtaining accurate values of carbon dioxide concentration fields at different heights through an ART algorithm; according to the accurate values of the carbon dioxide concentration fields at different heights, calculating the carbon flux in the ecological system region through a Fick algorithm; obtaining environmental factor parameters in the ecological system area, integrating environmental factors and the carbon flux data, building an ELM model, and obtaining the carbon flux emission rule in the ecological system area. The method for monitoring the carbon flux emission rule in the ecological system region has the technical advantages of being high in temporal-spatial resolution, high in measurement speed, high in stability, capable of conducting continuous and real-time online monitoring analysis on the rice field carbon flux and the like.