86 results about "Soil evaporation" patented technology

The invention provides a saline-alkali soil brackish water film mulching drip irrigation processing tomato planting method, which comprises the following steps: (1) planting processed tomatoes: planting the processed tomatoes by adopting a manner of wide rows and high ridges, and mulching a white film above plants; (2) laying out a drip irrigation system, wherein an interval b between the drip irrigation systems is 48 to 52 cm; an interval a between drip emitters is 0.25 to 0.35 m; (3) carrying out high-frequency and small fixed amount water irrigation in a growing period of the processed tomatoes: alternatively irrigating brackish water and fresh water, and adopting the fresh water for irrigation in a seedling stage, and no irrigation in a red-mature period. The invention puts forward a cultivation method taking the brackish water and saline-alkali soil as targets in combination with the realities of shortage of fresh water resources, abundant underground brackish water resources and serious soil salinization in an arid region and a semi-arid region, and not only moisture is enabled to be held up within a field microcirculation of soil-and-film, deep seepage losses of the moisture are greatly reduced, but also under-film soil evaporation is remarkably lowered, sources of soil secondary salinization are cut off and the surface accumulation of salt is eliminated.

The invention relates to a vegetation evapotranspiration measuring device, in particular to a device for measuring vegetation evapotranspiration, soil evaporation and water surface evaporation at multiple water levels. The device consists of a cultivating system and a water supply system, and comprises parts such as a cultivating vat made of an ABS engineering plastic material, a water supply pipe, a porous pipe and a Malpighian bottle with a scale. Fixed-water level water supply at different water levels is realized by adjusting the height of the Malpighian bottle. The change of the water levels in the Malpighian bottle is recorded before and after an experiment; and conversion is carried out by combining a cross-sectional area ratio of the Malpighian bottle to the cultivating vat to obtain water consumption for vegetation evapotranspiration in the cultivating vat. Different cultivating vats are compared in water consumption to obtain water consumption for underlaying surface (a water surface or soil) evaporation and the water consumption for vegetation transpiration so as to realize the separation a vegetation transpiration capacity from a soil evaporation capacity. The device has mechanical connection, simple structure, low cost, stability, reliability convenient maintenance and strong practicality and accuracy up to 0.1 mm and can completely meet accurate measurement of a vegetation evapotranspiration capacity and an underlaying surface evaporation capacity.

The invention discloses a method for estimating soil and vegetation evapotranspiration based on an end metainformation model. The method comprises the four steps of 1, determining a structure based on the end metainformation model, building the end metainformation model, and preliminarily constructing an input dataset based on the end metainformation model; 2, performing decomposition of energy balance subitems in a soil-vegetation system based on the end metainformation model in soil and vegetation; 3, utilizing a ground surface balance theory and a Penman-Monteith equation, and calculating the ground surface temperature of four limit end members based on the end metainformation model; 4, estimating and obtaining the surface temperature and evapotranspiration of other elements among the end members in the end metainformation model. According to the method, different response processes of the underlying surface layer water content and root zone water content on soil evaporation and vegetation transpiration can be effectively considered, and the estimation precision of underlying surface ground surface soil and vegetation evapotranspiration is improved.

The invention discloses a remote sensing model method for regional vegetation transpiration and soil evaporation inversion based on thermal infrared remote sensing. The remote sensing model method comprises the steps of 1, collecting and spatializing meteorological radiation data of a research area; 2, acquiring optical and thermal infrared remote sensing data; 3, preprocessing the optical remotesensing data; 4, conducting thermal infrared remote sensing data preprocessing and surface temperature inversion; 5, carrying out inversion calculation of surface biophysical parameters; 6, performingnight surface temperature downscaling calculation; 7, calculating the surface flux based on a single-layer remote sensing evapotranspiration model with a physical mechanism; 8, carrying out sensitiveheat flux cutting calculation based on a double-temperature-difference model; 9, calculating latent heat flux of vegetation and soil components; and 10, performing daily expansion calculation of vegetation transpiration and soil evaporation. According to the method, the problems of high difficulty and uncertainty of regional vegetation transpiration and soil evaporation inversion based on the surface temperature at present are solved.

The present invention relates to agricultural irrigation technology, and is especially one kind of pressure-free locally controlling underground root area irrigation system. The present invention can reach the aims of saving water, saving energy, saving investment and facilitating management. The technological scheme is that the irrigation system includes water conveying pipe with water outlet holes and one closed end as well as water container with water inlet, water outlet and pressure balancing port. The water inlet is provided with detachable sealing cover, and the water outlet with valve and the pressure balancing port are set in the lower part of the water container.

The invention relates to a soil evaporation potential measuring method which comprises the following steps: original soil is contained in an outer sleeve and connected with a water pressure constant device for ensuring the constancy of soil water; an inner barrel is installed in the soil; the bottom of the inner barrel is provided with a weighing sensor and the water pressure constant device; theweighing sensor is connected with a reading meter; a measuring barrel for containing original soil and the water pressure constant device is arranged on the weighing sensor in the inner barrel; the mass change induced by the weighing sensor is obtained by the reading meter; and the mass difference after fixed time interval is the soil evaporation amount of the time interval. The method ensures that the soil evaporation measurement eliminates the interference factor influence as much as possible and only embodies the influence of the soil surface characteristics and evaporation environment, and a measuring value approaches the soil potential evaporation amount of the soil. The method can use the devices which comprise the outer sleeve, the inner barrel, the measuring barrel, a water supplypipe A, a connecting pipe, a Marriott bottle A, the weighing sensor, the weighing reading meter, a Marriott bottle B and a water supply pipe B and has the advantages of simple structure and convenience in use.

The invention belongs to field of agricultural cultivation techniques, and relates to a cultivation method for crops, in particular to a furrow, film, ridge and straw combined type mulching cultivation method for the crops. The method includes the steps of farmland selection, soil preparation, ditching, ridging, basal dressing, intercropping of plants among ridge surfaces according to specification layout, ridge surface straw mulching and furrow body film mulching after crop seeding, top dressing in the seedling stage and the fast-growing stage of the plants, and recovery of mulching film after harvest. The method overcomes shortcomings of straw mulching and film mulching, achieves sustainable production of the crops, reduces waste of agricultural resources and environmental pollution, improves rainfall infiltration, restrains soil evaporation, improves hydrothermal conditions of soil, improves the nutrient status of the plants due to nutrients provided by straw, protects cultivated land, prevents loss of water and fertilizer on the surface of the soil, improves yields of the crops, changes an existing mulching cultivation production method for the crops, and achieves the purpose of protective mulching cultivation.

The invention discloses a small size lysimeter suitable for different groundwater depths. The small size lysimeter comprises a measuring inner barrel, a measuring outer barrel, a weighing sensor, a data acquisition unit, a sensor support device, a lithium battery, a water supplying meter, a water supplying pipe, a fixed bolt, a positioning bolt, a handle of a barrelhead, a sealed barrelhead, and a water level control barrel of groundwater. The small size lysimeter has the advantages that the weighing sensor replaces a traditional electronic balance scale, the continuous working of an apparatus is possible, the soil evaporation and the plant evaporation in any period can be automatically monitored, and the measurement accuracy is high; a tipping-bucket rain gauge purchased by a businesslike approach is taken as the water supplying meter, the cost is low, the water supplying meter and a water level control barrel of the groundwater are integrated as a whole, the evapotranspiration research on different groundwater depths is realized, the convenience is provided for the field operation and the construction cost is greatly lowered; the structure is simple, the measurement accuracy is effectively improved due to the fact that a fixed apparatus is used for continuously monitoring data, and the outside interference is avoided, meanwhile the usage and the maintenance are convenient, and can be completed by an ordinary worker.

The invention discloses a buoyancy type soil lysimeter, which comprises an undisturbed soil cylinder provided with a filter; the filter is connected with a phreatic water evaporating and replenishing device through a water level communication pipe; the phreatic water evaporating and replenishing device is connected with a precipitation infiltration replenishing measuring pot through a precipitation infiltration replenishing pipe; a buoyancy cylinder used for driving the undisturbed soil cylinder to float is assembled on the outer wall of the undisturbed soil cylinder; the phreatic water evaporating and replenishing device and the precipitation infiltration replenishing measuring pot are arranged in the buoyancy cylinder; the buoyancy type soil lysimeter also comprises an outer cylinder; a water level measuring chamber is fixedly connected on the outer wall of the outer cylinder; the water level measuring chamber is communicated with the outer cylinder; and the undisturbed soil cylinder and the buoyancy cylinder are arranged in the outer cylinder. According to the invention, the soil evaporation amount, the precipitation infiltration replenishing amount and the phreatic water evaporation amount of an undisturbed soil pillar for a test can be observed at the same time, so that changes of storage vibration in an unsaturated soil body can be understood, water balance analysis can be performed on undisturbed soil, and hydrology parameters, required water yield of crops and change rules of the required water yield can be solved through a water balance equation.

The invention relates to an indirect underground trickle irrigation system which comprises a water source and a water transmitting pipe (2), wherein a water outlet (4) is arranged on the water transmitting pipe (2). The indirect underground trickle irrigation system is characterized in that the lower part of the water source is provided with a water nozzle (7) with a control switch (6); the watertransmitting pipe (2) is connected with the water source by the water nozzle (7), and an irrigator (3) is embedded into the soil below the water outlet (4) on the water transmitting pipe (2). The system prevents soil evaporation loss among crops and improves the utilization ratio of water; the water transmitting pipe is positioned above the earth surface, thereby preventing the blockage of a rootsystem; and the invention has simple structure and convenient use, management and maintenance, saves labor, can dissolve fertilizer into water to carry out fertilizer water irrigation and improve theutilization efficiency of fertilizer, is particularly suitable for the viscous soil with worse water permeable ability in a drought and water lacking area and has better effect on an orchard and vegetables of a sunlight green house and a big house.

The invention discloses a seedling protecting planting method for maize in saline-alkali soil. The method comprises the following steps of: after harvesting maize in autumn, smashing straws and uniformly paving the smashed straws on a ground surface; implementing work such as fertilization, tillage, scattering a saline-alkali soil improver, rotary tillage, film spreading, and the like; and planting maize on the film when the ground temperature in spring meets the seeding requirement. According to the method provided by the invention, soil evaporation (avoiding resalinization caused by evaporation) by virtue of the soil improver and film spreading in advance, so that the saline alkali degree of soil is effectively reduced, the soil temperature is improved, the influence of salt and alkali on growth and development in a maize seedling period is avoided, the survival rate of seedlings is improved, and the maize output is remarkably improved. Meanwhile, the method is free of watering and salt washing in spring, so that water resources are saved, and the problem that moisture cannot infiltrate immediately after watering in spring which affects sowing is solved.

The invention discloses a surface water, heat and carbon flux coupling estimation method based on remote sensing information. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring ground observation data; preprocessing ground data; preparing ground input data; calibrating model parameters; acquiring remote sensing data; acquiring meteorological data; acquiring other parameters; preprocessing regional data; preparing regional input data; calculating carbon flux; calculating the air hole conductivity; and calculating the latent heat flux and sensible heat flux of the earth surface. According to the invention, the photosynthetic rate estimation error is reduced; the stress effect of soil moisture on canopy conductivity is quantified by introducing a soil moisture limiting factor, so the canopyconductivity estimation error is reduced; the influence of soil moisture on soil evaporation is considered, the estimation of the influence of soil moisture on soil evaporation is realized by utilizing remote sensing information, and the operability and the applicability are improved; earth surface sensible heat flux can be estimated at the same time, and earth surface latent heat flux and sensible heat flux can be estimated at the same time through an energy balance equation.

The invention discloses a system for measuring evapotranspiration of a complex ecosystem and an operating method thereof. A sensor for measuring evapotranspiration comprises a nine-needle heat pulse probe for measuring soil evaporation, a three-needle heat pulse probe for measuring the stem-flow of a plant with thick stalk and a wrapped stem-flow meter suitable for a plant with thin stalk, whereinthe nine-needle probe comprises five temperature sensing probes and four heating probes placed in a T-shaped probe handle. The invention also provides a method of estimating the evapotranspiration using the above device. The system provided by the invention has the advantages of in-situ monitoring, small disturbance to soil and vegetation, high degree of automation, convenient use, etc., and cancontinuously and automatically measure temperature changes of surface soils, soil thermal characteristics and transpiration of plants in different depths. The evapotranspiration of forest and farmlandsystems can be obtained by the invention.

Disclosed is a method and a system of high resolution modular heating for soil evaporative desorption. In one embodiment, a soil box comprising contaminated soil is mounted within a treatment chamber. Heated gas are directed into the soil box through a plurality of injection ports. A heat front from the heated gas desorbs the surrounding contaminated soil. The delivery of the heated gas may be in sections and independently controlled among the plurality of injection ports. A bottom section of the soil box is heated prior to a top section to minimize or reduce condensation formation within lower areas of the soil box, thereby creating roadways of desiccated, heated, and/or cracked soil at the bottom section. Vaporized contaminants from the top section is able to flow freely through the roadways to get to an exit pathway at the bottom of the soil box.

The invention provides a roof vegetation evapotranspiration measuring method based on the thermal imaging technology; the method comprises the following steps: obtaining a roof vegetation thermal infrared image, and processing the thermal infrared image so as to obtain a reference vegetation canopy surface temperature value Tp and a vegetation canopy surface temperature value Tc; obtaining meteorology data information of shooting place; calculating the meteorology data information, the reference vegetation canopy surface temperature value Tp and the vegetation canopy surface temperature value Tc so as to obtain a plant transpiration rate T and a soil evaporation rate E; using the plant transpiration rate T and the soil evaporation rate E to obtain a roof vegetation evapotranspiration rate ET, and further obtaining the roof vegetation evapotranspiration Ev. The roof vegetation evapotranspiration measuring method based on the thermal imaging technology can observe irregularly distributed vegetation without being affected by convection and without contacting the vegetation, thus accurately measuring city green roof evapotranspiration.

The invention discloses a soil evaporation capacity monitoring method in a cracked coal mining subsidence area. The method comprises the following steps: (1) according to the width of each crack, segmenting the crack into a narrow crack section, a wide crack section and an intermediate crack section; (2) selecting monitoring points in the length direction of the crack: respectively selecting the monitoring points at the narrow crack section and the wide crack section, and selecting each monitoring point according to a length of 2-5 m or the length of 5-10 m at the intermediate crack section; (3) respectively and symmetrically allocating a plurality of monitoring points at two sides of the crack, configuring micro-evaporators for each monitoring point; (4) calculating the evaporation capacity: every scheduled time, measuring the evaporation capacity, and dynamically reflecting the influence of crack development on the soil evaporation capacity. The configuration manner of the monitoring points in the invention is suitable for monitoring of the soil evaporation capacity in the western arid and semi-arid subsidence area; the method can be used for specifically monitoring influence of the cracks with different length, width and shapes on the soil evaporation capacity.

The invention relates to a simulation system and method for on-site simulation of a frozen soil environment. The system comprises a cylindrical container for containing a soil column, the bottom of the cylindrical container is provided with a weighing sensor, the upper part of the soil column is undisturbed undisturbed soil, and the lower part of the soil column is a boundary control layer filled with prepared soil; a plurality of water potential sensors and moisture sensors are uniformly distributed in the soil column and environmental soil outside a collecting box at different depths, and percolation pipes and temperature adjusting pipes are uniformly distributed in the prepared soil. The soil temperature and the soil water content in the frozen soil freezing and thawing process are physically controlled, the soil column boundary hydrothermal state the same as that of the environmental soil is achieved by controlling and monitoring the hydrothermal balance of the soil column, the specially-prepared boundary control layer provides the hydrothermal transmission condition consistent with that of the environmental soil for the soil evaporation and permeation process of the soil column, the control of the unsaturated hydraulic conductivity in the monitored soil column is realized, so that the analog simulation of the field frozen soil environment is realized.

The invention discloses an early spring greenhouse watermelon planting method. The method includes the following steps of seedling cultivation, grafting, soil preparation and sand laying, field planting, foliar nitrogen fertilizer application, vine picking, pollination and pest control. The watermelon planting method can reduce the use amount of inorganic fertilizer, improve acceptability of rainwater, obviously reduce soil evaporation in the growth period of watermelons, has remarkable moisture conservation and drought resistance effects, changes the water consumption mode of watermelon planting, reduces early-stage evaporation, improves the later transpiration effect and remarkably promotes improvement of watermelon fruit quality and increase of the yield.

The invention discloses a crop production water footprint measuring and calculating method based on soil moisture dynamic balance. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring a soil type and asoil moisture content S of a measuring and calculating region; obtaining crop planting condition data in the measurement and calculation time period; acquiring production characteristic attributes ofcrops to be measured and calculated; calculating the soil evaporation capacity and the crop transpiration capacity in the crop growth period; measuring and calculating field surface runoff; measuringand calculating the deep infiltration capacity of the soil; representing the soil moisture dynamic state, and distinguishing blue and green soil moisture balance; calculating blue water resource consumption and green water resource consumption of crops in corresponding water supply and irrigation modes; calculating crop production blue water footprints and crop production green water footprints under corresponding water supply and irrigation modes of the crops; calculating a blue water footprint of crop production water delivery loss, wherein the blue water footprint of the crop production water delivery loss is equal to the product of the regional irrigation water delivery and distribution quantity and the regional water delivery and distribution loss coefficient, and the regional irrigation water delivery and distribution quantity is the total irrigation water consumption. According to the method, the measurement and calculation precision of the regional crop production water footprints is effectively improved.

The invention relates to a simulation method for salinized seasonal freeze-thawed soil evaporation. The simulation method comprises the following steps: collecting meteorological data information andsoil data information of a driving model; constructing a freeze-thawed soil evaporation model considering salt influence; according to the energy balance equation, establishing an upper boundary of afreeze-thawed soil hydrothermal salt migration model equation, and coupling the freeze-thawed soil hydrothermal salt migration model with the established soil evaporation model; meteorological data, soil information and the like are input, simultaneous solving is conducted on the coupling model, and the freeze-thawed soil evaporation process under the influence of salt is obtained. According to the method, the effect of salt in the freeze-thawed soil is fully considered, evaporation of the freeze-thawed soil can be effectively calculated, time and labor are saved, and the water resource management and utilization level can be promoted.