218 results about "Crop production" patented technology

The invention provides an implementation method of an irrigation area real-time data acquisition and monitoring system, the system comprises a plurality of nodes uniformly distributed in an irrigation area, the nodes are divided into acquisition nodes and user nodes, the acquisition nodes are divided into head nodes and member nodes, the head nodes are used for executing forwarding operation, and the member nodes are used for executing forwarding operation. The member nodes are used for executing data collection operation, and the user nodes are used for monitoring data; according to the implementation method of the irrigation area real-time data acquisition and monitoring system provided by the invention, a worker can quickly acquire accurate real-time data, such as humidity and drought degree, of the irrigation area, so that effective measures are taken, healthy growth of crops and sustainability of crop production are ensured, and the implementation method has a wide application prospect.

The invention discloses a cladosporium sp. Fungus YS37 and application thereof in promoting rice growth, and belongs to the technical field of microorganisms. The cladosporioides sp. Fungus YS37 is a new species separated from the root system of wild rice, is named as Parasarocladium oryzae YS37, is preserved in the China Center for Type Culture Collection (CCTCC), and has a preservation number of CCTCC NO: M 20242286, and the cladosporioides sp. Fungus YS37 is a new species which is separated from the root system of wild rice and is named as Parasarocladium oryzae YS37. The Parasarocladium oryzae YS37 strain can be used for preparing a biological bacterial fertilizer, and when the Parasarocladium oryzae YS37 strain or a fermentation product of the Parasarocladium oryzae YS37 strain is applied to a rice root system, the growth of rice can be effectively promoted, and the plant biomass is increased. The invention provides a new way for application of microorganisms to development of crop production.

The invention relates to a plant nutrient solution capable of efficiently promoting growth. The plant nutrient solution capable of efficiently promoting growth is prepared from the following components in parts by mass: 10 to 20 parts of modified diatomite, 5 to 10 parts of nutrient substances, 0.5 to 3 parts of auxin, 1 to 3 parts of organic acid, 1 to 5 parts of auxiliaries and 50 to 100 parts of water, wherein the modified diatomite is sodium alginate and humic acid modified diatomite. The nutrient solution is obtained by compounding the modified diatomite, the nutrient substances, the auxin, the organic acid and the like, can improve the soil structure, regulate the plant growth and promote the yield and income increase of crops, is higher in stability, solves the problems in the prior art, and has a good application prospect.

A greenhouse environment control and field management integrated system comprises an irrigation system, an aerial fog system, a conveying pipeline and a sensing control system. According to the utility model, various agricultural production management such as irrigation, pesticide application, ventilation, heating, dehumidification, cooling and the like can be carried out according to the growth requirements of crops, a frame is provided for hanging vine crops such as tomatoes, cucumbers and the like for supporting, and meanwhile, wind power can be provided for solanaceous crops for pollination. The system is high in integration level and rich in function, the greenhouse space can be effectively saved, the crop production efficiency is improved, the labor amount in the production process is reduced, and help is provided for intelligent management and control of facility agriculture.

The invention belongs to the technical field of microorganisms, and particularly relates to a Burkholderia sp. SJ08 strain, a Burkholderia sp. SJ08 fungicide, and a preparation method and application thereof. The invention discloses a strain of Burkholderia cepacia SJ08, the Burkholderia cepacia SJ08 is preserved in the Guangdong Province Microbial Culture Collection Center, the preservation number is GDMCC (China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center): 65908, and the preservation date is February 18, 2025. The Burkholderia sp. SJ08 strain is screened from seed radix pseudostellariae, crop diseases caused by fusarium oxysporum can be effectively inhibited, continuous cropping obstacles of crops can be inhibited, crop growth is promoted, and the Burkholderia sp. SJ08 strain is safe and free of pollution. The Burkholderia sp. SJ08 strain provided by the invention has a good application prospect in crop production.

The present invention discloses an air-suction seeding device, including a seeding device housing, a built-in fan, a driving motor, a transmission intermediate wheel, a transmission internal gear, a transmission intermediate wheel bearing, a closed-wind grinding block assembly, a seeding disc and a seeding device cover. The air-suction seeding device described in the present invention has a shaftless design for the seeding device and a built-in fan. The seeding device housing is both a bellows of the fan and a negative pressure chamber of the seeding device. The motor directly drives the inner gear ring, so that it has a deceleration function. The air-suction seeding disc adopts a cup cover structure and is installed without a shaft. The seeding disc can seed forward and sideways, which solves the problem of matching with a CNC seeding host. The whole machine is easy to repair and maintain, the sowing mode is easy to change, the adaptability to the size and specific gravity of the seed grains is strong, and the advantages of reducing seed grain breakage and reducing the missed sowing rate are improved. The efficiency of farmland operations is improved, and the increase in crop yield and income is achieved, which is of great significance to the development of large-scale high-precision agriculture.

This disclosure relates generally to system and method for estimating crop water requirement using multi-sensor data fusion. Increasing global population is imparting pressure on both agriculture for food demand and limited freshwater resources for consumption. Estimating crop water requirement reduces water demand for crop production. The method divides soil and crop into multiple vertical and horizontal profiles to estimate water balance thereby reducing the errors in estimation of crop water requirement. Additionally, the method has capability to interlink the multiple data sets such as satellite based earth observations, weather observations from IoT sensors, Weather forecasts from global circulation models, and crop knowledge base for crop water requirement estimation. The method is based on spatio-temporal modeling for multi-layer crop and soil water balance and helps to generate the additional insights on crop water requirement like moisture at different levels in soil profile, crop canopy growth at different locations.

The invention discloses a method for synergistically improving soil carbon sequestration yield and efficiency by using a modified carbon material, and belongs to the technical field of agriculture. The method comprises the following steps: applying a modified carbon material and a soil conditioner into soil at the same time before cultivation; the preparation method of the modified carbon material comprises the following steps: pre-treating plant straws, gypsum and attapulgite tailings, uniformly mixing, drying, carrying out high-temperature pyrolysis carbonization, cooling and granulating, thereby obtaining the modified carbon material. Through one-time large-scale application of the modified carbon material and the soil conditioner and combination of precise application of the field nitrogen fertilizer, the effects of soil recarburization and quality improvement and crop yield and efficiency increase can be rapidly achieved, the synergistic effect of plough layer reservoir expansion and recarburization and capacity expansion is achieved, the soil structure and quality are remarkably improved, the productivity of the soil is improved, and the method is suitable for large-scale popularization and application. The negative influence of agricultural production on the ecological environment is further reduced, and the sustainable and healthy development of cultivated land is promoted.

The invention provides an implementation method of an irrigation area real-time data monitoring system based on unmanned aerial vehicles, and the method comprises the steps: uniformly deploying an unmanned aerial vehicle group over an irrigation area, and enabling the unmanned aerial vehicle group to comprise a monitoring unmanned aerial vehicle and a plurality of working unmanned aerial vehicles; the unmanned aerial vehicle establishes a position table by sending a position message; the monitoring unmanned aerial vehicle establishes an irrigation district table by sending irrigation district information; wherein the position message comprises a message ID, a coordinate, energy and a node ID, the irrigated area message comprises a message ID, a coordinate, a source two-tuple set and a destination two-tuple set, and a two-tuple comprises a node ID and a coefficient; according to the implementation method of the irrigation area real-time data monitoring system based on the unmanned aerial vehicle, provided by the invention, the unmanned aerial vehicle can quickly obtain monitoring data of an irrigation area environment, such as humidity and drought degree, so that effective measures are taken, healthy growth of crops and sustainability of crop production are ensured, and the implementation method has a wide application prospect.

The invention belongs to the technical field of microorganisms, and particularly relates to halophilous bacillus, a microbial agent and application of the halophilous bacillus. The invention provides bacillus halophilous andaensis, and the preservation number of the bacillus halophilous andaensis is CCTCC (China Center for Type Culture Collection) M 20232394. The invention further provides a microbial inoculum which comprises the halophilous bacillus. The invention further provides application of the halophilous bacillus or the microbial inoculum to promotion of plant growth under saline-alkali stress, improvement of plant stress resistance, soil improvement and crop production. The halophilous bacillus provided by the invention has excellent saline-alkaline tolerance, can only grow under saline-alkaline conditions, also has the growth promoting characteristics of reducing salt, producing acid, reducing alkali, fixing nitrogen and the like, and can relieve the salt damage phenomenon and improve the crop yield and quality.

A crop production system (100) for a controlled plant growing environment is provided. A subassembly comprises a guide portion that includes passive guides (104, 504, 904, 1004) radiating outward from a central portion (102, 502, 520, 911). Each passive guide may be separated from two adjacent passive guides by respective angles. Each passive guide has a first end proximal to the central portion and a second end distal to the central portion. Each passive guide is configured to guide plant growth modules (210). The plant growth modules are movable between the first end and the second end of each passive guide. An active guide (406, 907, 1007) causes the plant growth modules to travel in a first direction along the passive guides as the active guide is moved.

The invention belongs to the technical field of microorganisms, and particularly relates to Nelsenia nielsenensis with a plant rhizosphere growth promoting effect and application of the Nelsenia nielsenensis. The bacterial strain is Niallia nealsonii BN5, and the preservation number of the bacterial strain is CGMCC (China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center) No.31380. The Nissenia nielsonii BN5 provided by the invention has a relatively large growth temperature range, is easy to adapt to various soil environments, and has the characteristics of dissolving phosphorus, producing IAA (Indoleacetic Acid) and the like; the invention provides a novel method for promoting plant growth in crop production, which is helpful for improving crop yield and quality and promoting sustainable agricultural development at the same time. The technology is not only limited to cucumbers, but also can be applied to planting of other crops, and important technical progress and economic benefits are brought to modern agricultural production. The method has a wide application prospect and is suitable for sustainable development and production optimization of modern greenhouse agriculture.

The invention relates to the technical field of smart agriculture, and provides a digital twinborn decision support system for farmland management and a control method thereof, and the system comprises a digital farmland module which is used for collecting a plurality of farmland parameters; the crop growth phenotype monitoring module is used for collecting and analyzing growth state phenotype data of crops to obtain simulation values of crop growth parameters; the crop production management model decision module comprises a crop knowledge model which is used for fitting a growth change curve of a compound according to a plurality of farmland parameters; the crop three-dimensional structure function model is used for performing three-dimensional reconstruction on a crop population and calculating true values of crop growth parameters; the production management decision calculation model is used for deciding a water and fertilizer regulation prescription according to the simulation value and the true value, determining disease information of crops according to the growth state phenotypic data and determining a pesticide application decision prescription in combination with pesticide application requirements, so that an agricultural implement performs water, fertilizer and pesticide comprehensive operation; according to the system, the crop planting management efficiency and the intelligent level are improved.

The invention discloses a cotton nitrogen content prediction method and system based on small sample hyperspectral data, and belongs to the field of agricultural information. And carrying out destructive and non-destructive hyperspectral data sampling work every fixed time after about 30 days of cotton seedling emergence. According to the method, the 1D-CNN and DF monitoring models suitable for small samples are adopted, so that the characteristics that the agronomic samples are difficult to obtain and the volume is small are met; then, a sequential sequence of the nitrogen content of the cotton leaves is generated through the optimal monitoring model, the sequential sequence is substituted into a sequential prediction structure integrated by TCN, LSTM, BiLSTM and Transform in a sliding window mode, and the nitrogen content in a period of time in the future is accurately predicted by combining the advantages of different algorithms. The method provides method support for crop phenotype parameter time sequence prediction and crop production precise quantification management, and contributes to agricultural modernization and sustainable development.

The invention relates to bacillus velezensis CGMCC (China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center) No.32593 as well as preparation and application of a microbial agent of the bacillus velezensis, and belongs to the technical field of microorganisms. The strain disclosed by the invention has the effects of dissolving phosphorus, dissolving potassium, fixing nitrogen and producing indoleacetic acid (IAA) at the same time. The method comprises the following steps: inoculating bacillus velezensis CGMCC No.32593 into an LB liquid culture medium, and fermenting by using a 5L fermentation tank to obtain the liquid microbial agent. The microbial agent provided by the invention is simple in preparation method and convenient for industrial production. By applying the liquid microbial agent, the plant height of tomatoes and the fresh weight of overground parts can be effectively increased, and the utilization rate of soil phosphorus in crop production is increased.

A crop prediction system performs various machine learning operations to predict crop production and to identify a set of farming operations that, if performed, optimize crop production. The crop prediction system uses crop prediction models trained using various machine learning operations based on geographic and agronomic information. Responsive to receiving a request from a grower, the crop prediction system can access information representation of a portion of land corresponding to the request, such as the location of the land and corresponding weather conditions and soil composition. The crop prediction system applies one or more crop prediction models to the access information to predict a crop production and identify an optimized set of farming operations for the grower to perform.

The invention discloses a crop yield prediction method and device based on meteorological disaster influence, and relates to the technical field of crop management.The method comprises the steps that a yield prediction model database is constructed, and the yield prediction model database is composed of crop production areas of different disaster risk levels and corresponding crop yield prediction models; obtaining the meteorological disaster risk, the exposure of disaster-bearing bodies, the environmental vulnerability and the disaster prevention and reduction capability in the to-be-predicted crop production area, so as to determine the disaster risk level of the to-be-predicted crop production area; and searching a crop yield prediction model corresponding to the to-be-predicted crop production area in a preset database according to the disaster risk level of the to-be-predicted crop production area, and obtaining the final yield of the to-be-predicted crop production area by using the crop yield prediction model. According to the invention, the problem of low accuracy during crop yield prediction in the prior art is solved.

The utility model relates to a multi-stage flour processing flour mill, and belongs to the technical field of crop production. The flour mill comprises a flour mill body, a coarse grinding machine and a fine grinding machine, and the coarse grinding machine is composed of a discharging hopper, a material blocking disc, a transmission disc, a driving motor and a grinding assembly and used for conducting preliminary crushing on grains; the fine grinding machine is provided with a protection box, a grinding wheel, a fine-hole leakage net and a scraping plate, secondary submerging of materials is achieved through a material returning plate, a spiral blade feeding device and a rotary rod motor, and particles influencing the eating taste are prevented from occurring in the grinding process. The equipment is of a multi-stage transmission structure, linkage of coarse grinding and fine grinding is coordinated through a belt, a transmission rod and a liftable transmission assembly, and efficient classified collection of flour is achieved in combination with a leakage net and a transmission leakage net. By optimizing the structural design, the problems that a traditional flour mill is low in efficiency and uneven in flour quality are solved, and the flour mill has the advantages of being high in grinding precision, stable in flour yield, convenient and fast to operate and the like.

The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural production, and discloses a grain crop climate bearing capacity assessment method and system.The grain crop information in a grain crop production area is analyzed, a development cycle corresponding to a grain crop is determined, and climate data parameters corresponding to each sub-development node are collected; extracting climate data parameters with the same standard from each sub-development node, constructing a climate data parameter set, and generating an initial evaluation mark for the climate data parameter set; generating a plurality of climate data parameter sequences according to the initial evaluation mark, and calculating a climate data evaluation coefficient; and performing normalization processing on the climate data evaluation coefficients to obtain a climate data evaluation coefficient processing set, and calculating the climate bearing capacity evaluation coefficient of the grain crop production area, so that climate comprehensive analysis can be performed through climate data parameters, the climate bearing capacity is comprehensively evaluated, and the evaluation precision and the evaluation efficiency are ensured. The growth condition and the potential yield of the food crops can be predicted more accurately, and a scientific basis is provided for agricultural production.

The invention discloses a digital twinborn irrigation district-oriented water resource efficient utilization and rice population quality comprehensive evaluation method and system, and relates to the technical field of irrigation district water resource efficient utilization and agricultural technology evaluation. Comprising the following steps: constructing a five-dimensional multi-level comprehensive evaluation index system, and determining a level framework; weighting the second-level indexes based on an analytic hierarchy process and calculating scores of the first-level indexes; a comprehensive integration model is established, the five first-level index scores serve as input, the nonlinear relation between the indexes is automatically learned, and an irrigation area comprehensive performance index is output; an evaluation system and a CatBoost model are integrated to a digital twinborn irrigation area platform, and multi-source data automatic access, model online reasoning and evaluation result space visualization are achieved. According to the method, the problems that an existing evaluation method is split in system, difficult in index quantification, depends on subjective authority assignment and cannot achieve dynamic spatialization display are solved, and intelligent and engineering decision support is provided for collaborative optimization of irrigation area water resources and crop production.

The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural information, and provides a processing method and device for the influence of a meteorological event on the per unit yield of crops and a medium, and the method comprises the steps: determining a climate feature vector in a target station range according to meteorological data, determining the biomass of crops planted in the field according to the variety parameters, the soil data and the field management data; the biomass represents an index of crop productivity; inputting the climate feature vector and the biomass into a crop per unit yield prediction model, and outputting predicted per unit yield by the crop per unit yield prediction model; a prediction error is determined based on the predicted single yields and the corresponding actual single yields, and a risk coefficient for each climate feature is determined based on the prediction error. According to the method, the influence of the occurrence of the extreme meteorological event on the per unit yield of crops can be predicted, an important reference is provided for long-term planning of agricultural production, and double targets of risk early warning and response are achieved.

The invention discloses a novel bacillus, the preservation number of which is CGMCC (China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center) No. 1.62901, and the preservation date of which is September 20, 2024. Gene identification shows that the strain belongs to a new microbial species in taxonomy. Researches show that the strain has nitrogen fixation capacity, can grow in a Mengjinna inorganic phosphorus culture medium, exerts phosphorus dissolving capacity, converts insoluble phosphorus elements which are difficult to absorb and utilize by organisms into dissolved phosphate ions which can be efficiently absorbed and utilized by plants, and provides a large number of nutrient substances for crop production; in addition, the strain has good endurance capacity to low-temperature and high-salt environments, and can play an environment restoration function in the low-temperature environments or saline-alkali areas. Therefore, the novel bacillus disclosed by the invention has better application potential and prospect in the aspects of agricultural production (microbial phosphate solubilization) and environmental restoration.

The invention discloses an integrated simulation model for comprehensive benefit analysis of black soil protection and utilization. The integrated simulation model is characterized in that a crop production module processes and outputs crop yield, soil physical and chemical properties and carbon emission data through a crop process mechanism model and a data driving model; the ecological module converts soil physical and chemical properties and carbon emission related data into key ecological benefit evaluation indexes; the social module generates agricultural product grain prices and social benefit evaluation indexes corresponding to various crops according to the crop yield and social and economic basic data; the economic module generates planting crop types and economic benefit evaluation indexes of the grids in the next year according to crop yields and agricultural product grain prices; and the benefit evaluation module performs evaluation results of ecological, social and economic fields based on the key ecological benefit evaluation index, the social benefit evaluation index and the economic benefit evaluation index.

The invention discloses a selenium-loaded composite carbon fertilizer and application thereof in lead and zinc associated contaminated soil remediation and selenium-enriched safe planting of crops. The selenium-loaded composite carbon fertilizer is prepared by compounding pomacea canaliculata shell biochar and modified biochar thereof, loading selenium, and co-composting with bidens pilosa and chicken manure. The selenium-loaded composite carbon fertilizer is used for repairing and improving lead and zinc associated contaminated soil, the purposes of fixing lead and zinc in the soil, increasing the selenium content of crops and increasing the content of nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus are achieved, and selenium-enriched safe planting of the crops in the lead and zinc associated contaminated soil is achieved on the whole. The selenium-loaded composite carbon fertilizer is applied to soil, so that the ecological risk caused by application of a soil passivating agent is avoided, the excessive use of chemical fertilizer is reduced, and the sustainable development of agriculture is realized; on the other hand, resource utilization of agricultural wastes is facilitated; the fertilizer plays an important role in the aspects of guaranteeing safe production of crops, promoting growth of crops, strengthening soil nutrients, achieving production of selenium-rich crops, repairing lead and zinc pollution of soil and the like.

The present invention relates to the field of microorganisms and also to the field of crop fertilizers. Discloses is a use of an ARC microbial agent in the production of an ARC+ fertilizer. The ARC microbial agent is a microbial composition, has a coupled effect of toxicity control and nitrogen fixation and the effects of regulating and controlling the abundance of rhizobia in the rhizosphere of a leguminous crop and increasing the quantity of nodules in the leguminous crop, and contains DNA sequences as shown in SEQ ID Nos. 1-4. The fertilizer is a complex fertilizer / compound fertilizer, an organic fertilizer, or a microbial agent. Further disclosed are a method for producing an ARC+ fertilizer by compounding an ARC microbial agent with a fertilizer, an ARC+ fertilizer prepared by the method, and a use of the ARC+ fertilizer in crop production. The ARC+ fertilizer can act as both an ARC microbial agent and a fertilizer, and the operation step of mixing the two by a user can be removed, thereby avoiding the problem of non-uniform application of the ARC microbial agent.

An object of a system according to an embodiment is to improve the efficiency of agricultural management by analyzing agricultural data and measuring the state and moisture content of soil in real time.SOLUTION: A system includes a data analysis unit, a sensor measurement unit, a prediction unit, and a consulting unit. The data analysis part analyzes the agricultural data. The sensor measurement unit measures the state and moisture content of the soil in real time. The prediction unit predicts future crop production based on past data. The consulting unit provides an optimal solution according to the situation of the farm.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

The invention belongs to the technical field of crop growth monitoring and agricultural economy, and particularly relates to a crop production risk assessment method and system based on MODIS time series data and machine learning, and the method comprises the following steps: S1, obtaining MODIS time series data, crop planting distribution data, county-level crop per unit yield statistical data and an administrative division base map, s2, performing mask processing on the MODIS time series data and the crop planting distribution data to obtain an 8-day time series data set corresponding to crops, S3, calculating a per unit yield fluctuation rate, adopting a non-parametric weighted local linear regression method to eliminate a crop per unit yield trend to obtain per unit yield fluctuation data, and then calculating per unit yield fluctuation rates of county-divided crops, S4, constructing a model, and S5, constructing a model. The method includes the steps of S1, establishing a machine learning regression model based on the GPP data set and the LST data set in the step S2 and the unit yield fluctuation rate data in the step S3, S5, crop production risk assessment, and generating a grid-level crop unit yield loss result by utilizing the optimal model in the step S4 and combining an MODIS time sequence grid data set.

The invention relates to the field of agricultural science and technology, and discloses a regional crop production potential assessment method and system based on a planting mode, and the method comprises the steps: collecting accumulated temperature data and rainfall data of a target assessment region, and calculating a theoretical multiple cropping index corresponding to the target assessment region; determining an ideal planting mode of the target evaluation area according to the theoretical multiple cropping index in combination with an existing planting mode; setting a target evaluation area for planting according to an ideal planting mode, and determining a theoretical sowing area of crops in the target evaluation area; setting a multi-scene mode, and selecting a theoretical planting mode; according to the theoretical sowing area, the actual sowing area and the actual crop yield per unit area, the crop production potential of the target evaluation area is evaluated, the method combines the theoretical multiple cropping index and the planting mode, is closer to production reality, sets a multi-contextual mode, flexibly adjusts the planting mode, and evaluates the crop production potential; and a scientific basis is provided for formulating a regional crop production policy.

This invention concerns a remarkable method of an integration of Quantum Dots in optoelectronic devices in for including embedding quantum dots (metallic, inorganic or colloidal) within different layers of the multilayer structure of the emerging thin film optoelectronic devices such as Organic Photovoltaics - OPVs, Perovskite Photovoltaics - PPVs, Organic Light Emitting Diodes - OLEDs to achieve higher performance and subsequently deploying these improved flexible and lightweight devices in Agriculture notably Greenhouses, Open Field Cultivations, Breeding, as well as notably Glass Buildings, UV Health-care protection. This invention promotes the enhancement of power conversion efficiency of semitransparent OPV panels and desirable properties of optoelectronic devices as well as the enhancement of crop production more than 30%. This phenomenon is attributed to a combination of factors: the shading effect generated by OPV panels and an even bigger enhancement as a result of the incorporation of quantum dots within a nanolayer of the multilayer structure of an optoelectronic device. These quantum dots, acting as additives in solutions, are printed onto a substrate and have the ability to achieve optical engineering and optical tuning by controlling the solar spectrum that penetrates through optoelectronic devices, thus the manipulation of absorption across a range of wavelengths, including far UV, UV, and even less beneficial visible wavelengths, is realized. Consequently, these wavelengths are efficiently converted into more advantageous blue and red wavelengths for agricultural applications, or even in any preferable wavelength of the visible spectrum in applications such as glass buildings.

In one aspect, a computing system is configured to: receive input data associated with producing crops within a field during a crop production cycle; calculate carbon intensity (CI) scores for a plurality of locations within the field based at least in part on the input data; and generate a geospatial CI map based on the calculated CI scores.