The invention discloses an analog simulation experiment device and method for solid gas coupling of upper protective layer mining. The device comprises an experiment box and a permeability testing system. The experiment box is arranged in a sealed mode, an organic glass plate and a steel plate on the experiment box are provided with a gas inlet hole and a testing hole corresponding to the gas inlet hole respectively, and a stress sensor of the experiment box is sequentially connected with a data collecting instrument and a computer. The permeability testing system is composed of an air compressor, a gas storage tank, a high-pressure rubber pipe, a branching unit, a check valve, a pressure gauge and an electronic flow meter. An inflation system is connected to an inflation hole in the experiment box, and the permeability testing system is connected to the testing hole of the experiment box. The experiment method includes the steps that firstly, a model is laid; secondly, an air impermeability test is conducted; thirdly, an experiment is conducted, and data are recorded. According to the analog simulation experiment device and method for solid gas coupling of upper protective layer mining, the change rule and the distribution characteristics of stress, deformation and permeability in mining underlying coal and rock masses can be measured, the operation process is simple, effects are clear and visual, the testing period is short, and convenience is provided for studying protective layer mining.