119results about How to "Good expansion rate" patented technology

This invention provides heat engines based on various structures of internal combustion engines, such as a four-stroke piston-type combustion engine, two-stroke piston-type combustion engine, rotary combustion engine, or a free-piston type combustion engine. Said heat engine is provided with at least a heating chamber per piston or rotor, a heat exchanger unit disposed within said heating chamber through which thermal energy is extracted from a heat source and at least a port leading to a working chamber space from said heating chamber, and has a significantly increased heat transfer duration from the heat source to the working fluid within said heating chamber without increasing the number of strokes per power stroke in a cycle. Additionally, said heat engine is provided with an over expansion mechanism in conjunction with a compression means for intake charge. Thereby many of the operational characteristics of an Otto power cycle may be attained in said heat engine, and a heat source with a relatively low temperature may be accommodated through the combination of a lower compression ratio, the over expansion mechanism, and the boost of the intake charge.Another major objective of this invention is to provide a refrigerator based on the structures of the various heat engines disclosed in this invention and having a reversed operation of the heat engine. The invention combines the compression functionality of a compressor and the expansion functionality of a turbine in an air cycle machine into a single refrigerator unit having a simple mechanical structure, and provides a significantly increased heat removal rate or duration before the expansion stroke to reduce the temperature of the working fluid without increasing the number of strokes per discharge stroke of cooled working fluid in the cycle. Said refrigerator may include the over expansion mechanism or working fluid pressurization to increase the coefficient of performance and cooling load. In particular, said refrigerator uses a gas as the working fluid to avoid the negative impact of a conventional refrigerant on the environment.

The invention provides a porcelain granule produced by using river, lake and sea sludge and shellfish powder as raw materials, and a preparation method of the porcelain granule. The porcelain granule is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15 to 50 parts of shellfish powder, 5 to 15 parts of kaolin, 1 to 5 parts of grass peat dust,15 to 30 parts of siliceous shale, 15 to 40 parts of furnace slag, 10 to 20 parts of fly ash, 15 to 40 parts of zeolite,10 to 30 parts of the river, lake and sea sludge and 10 to 25 parts of peat, wherein the shellfish powder is crushed to the fineness with the particle diameter being 60 to 200 meshes; the content of silicon dioxide in the siliceous shale is 87.0 to 89.5 percent. The preparation method of the porcelain granule comprises the following steps of taking ingredients; performing crushing, stirring, pelleting, roasting and natural cooling to obtain the porcelain granule. The porcelain granule provided by the invention has the advantages that the sewage treatment effect is good; the porcelain granule is particularly applicable to the heavy metal substance absorption, and is also applicable to building materials; the porcelain granule can absorb harmful substances generated in the building decoration process; the environment pollution problem due to stacking of a great amount of waste shellfish can be solved; the environment is protected.

An expandable sleeve for use in a well, comprises a tubular structure including an external sealing layer comprising a compliant material; an intermediate expandable tubular body made from a plastically deformable material; and an internal spring structure such as a helically wound spring; wherein the external sealing layer is disposed on the outer surface of the tubular body, and the internal spring structure is disposed inside the tubular body and acts so as to exert a radial force on the body when in an expanded state. Such a sleeve can be used to seal off perforations and in well completions using slotted liners or in drilling applications.